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GPCR
G protein-coupled receptor GPR19 regulates the expression of E-cadherin and the invasion of breast cancer cells. The study found that GPR19 promotes the mesenchymal-epithelial transition through the ERK/MAPK pathway, facilitating the colonization of metastatic breast tumor cells. A series of experiments were conducted including western blot, wound healing assay, invasion assay, and quantitative real time PCR to analyze the effects of GPR19 on E-cadherin expression and cancer cell invasion. The results showed that GPR19 plays a potential role in metastasis by promoting the transition from a mesenchymal to epithelial state.
GPCR
- 1. G protein-coupled receptorGPR19 regulates E-cadherin expression and invasion of breast cancer cells DENNIS N. MUÑOZ, RN, RM, LPT M.Sci Biology, Ateneo de Davao University Johannes Hartwig, Katsiaryna Tarbashevich, Jochen Seggewiß, Martin Stehling, Jan Bandemer, Cecilia Grimaldi, Azadeh Paksa, Theresa Groß-Thebing, Dana Meyen and Erez Raz Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 111, No. 31 (August 5, 2014), pp. 11389-11394
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- 3. E cadherin andGPCR19
- 4. Material and methods 1.Antibodies and reagents 2. Cell culture 3. Plasmid constructs and generation of stable cell lines 4. Adropin treatment 5. Western blot 6. Wound healing assay 7. Immunocytochemistry 8. Invasion assay 9. TGFα shedding assay 10. Quantitative real time PCR (QRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) 11. Cyclic AMP assay
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- 7. Conclusion • This studyit shows for the first time that GPR19 plays a potential role in metastasis by promoting the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) through the ERK/MAPK pathway, thus facilitating colonization of metastatic breast tumor cells.
Editor's Notes
- #8 ERK1 a serine/threonine kinase of the GMGC group that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) play central roles in MAPK cascades and are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals including growth and neurotrophic factors, cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters. Depending on the cellular context, MAPK cascades mediate diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. MAPK cascades also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. Activation of MAP kinases occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues at the sequence T*EY* by upstream MAP kinase kinases, MEK1 and -2. Phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine are required for activity. This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates.