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Common Upper Limb Conditions
• Prof. Bijayendra Singh
• FRCS (Tr & Orth), FRCS, MS, DNB
• Consultant Orthopaedic & Upper Limb Surgeon
• Medway NHS Foundation Trust
• Visiting Professor, Canterbury Christchurch University
1
My Journey So Far
• Qualified 1992
• Masters 1995
• UK
• Higher Training
• Fellowship US & Australia
• Consultant since 2007
• Professor of Orthopaedics & Chair Orthopaedic
Pathway – Canterbury Christchurch University
2
Scope of Practice
• Shoulder:
• All aspects – arthroscopy, arthroplasty and fractures
• Elbow:
• All Aspects – arthroscopy, arthroplasty and fractures
• Wrist & Hand
• No microvascular
• No Tendon transfers / graft
• All other aspects covered
Common Conditions
Shoulder
• Cuff Problems
• Instability
• Stiff Shoulder
• Referred Pain
• Elbow:
• Insertional Tendinopathy
• Arthritis
• Ulnar Nerve Compression
• Ligament Injuries
Wrist & Hand
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Thumb Base Arthritis
• Ganglion
• Dupuytren’s Contracture
• Trigger Finger / Thumb
• deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis
• Wrist Arthritis
• SLAC / SNAC / OA
• Hand Arthritis
• Ulnar Impingement
• Ligament Injuries
Shoulder
Red Flag Signs
• Trauma, pain and weakness ? Cuff tear
• Any mass or Swelling
• Red skin, fever or systemically unwell
• Infection
• Post epileptic painful shoulder
Cuff Pain
• Impingement, Cuff Tear, ACJ OA
• Management:
• Subacromial Bursa Injection
• Physiotherapy
• When to Refer:
• Acute onset
• Failure of conservative treatment
• Over age of 75 - ? CTA
Instability
• Traumatic
• First time - nonoperatively
• If recurrent
• Atraumatic
• Refer early on
Stiff Shoulder
• Three Causes
• Arthritis
• Frozen Shoulder
• Dislocated Shoulder
• Plain Radiographs
• If not dislocated – try injection / physio
• Frozen Shoulder – physio typically makes pain
worse in early stages.
• When to refer:
• Early in frozen shoulder esp in diabetic
Elbow
• Accounts for <10% workload
• Tendinopathies most common
• Lateral >>>>> Medial
• Conservative
• Steroid Injection / Physiotherapy
• Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
Elbow
• Osteoarthritis
• Pain / Stiff
• Ulnar Nerve Compression
• Muscle Wasting
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Commonest Entrapment Neuropathy
• Symptoms & Signs
• Bad Prognostic Signs:
• Permanent Numbness
• Muscle Wasting
• EMG Studies
• Referral:
• After splints / injections failed
• Early if Numbness / Muscle wasting
Ganglion
• A small cystic
tumour connected
either with a joint
membrane or
tendon sheath
Arthritis
• Thumb Base
• DIPJ / PIPJ
• Wrist
• MCPJ
• NSAID’s
• Splints
• Hand Therapy
• Steroid Injection
Triggering / deQuervain’s
• Always try injection
• May repeat at 3 months if better
• Refer otherwise
Dupuytren’s Contracture
• Genetic Condition
• Men >>> Women
• Referral:
• MCPJ – 30
• PIPJ – Any
Ulnar Impingement
• Ulnar sided wrist pain
• Worse on gripping / strength
activities
• Splints / NSAIDs
What’s Changed in Shoulder
• More Arthroscopic Surgery
• Advantages
• More Total Shoulders & Reverse
Shoulders
• Reverse Shoulder Replacement for
trauma
3939
40
CT Scan
40
4141
DD, F/78
29
6m Post Op
31
Dupuytren’s
• Xiapex
–Collagenase
•Injectable form of 2 collagenase
enzymes
–Isolated from the bacterium
Clostridium histolyticum
–Work in in a complementary fashion
• Small Volume injected in cord
•Finger extension 24 - 48 hours later
• Shoulder
• USG vs MRI
• ACJ Degeneration
• EMG studies
Thank You
36
Questions?

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Gp talk june 2017

  • 1. Common Upper Limb Conditions • Prof. Bijayendra Singh • FRCS (Tr & Orth), FRCS, MS, DNB • Consultant Orthopaedic & Upper Limb Surgeon • Medway NHS Foundation Trust • Visiting Professor, Canterbury Christchurch University 1
  • 2. My Journey So Far • Qualified 1992 • Masters 1995 • UK • Higher Training • Fellowship US & Australia • Consultant since 2007 • Professor of Orthopaedics & Chair Orthopaedic Pathway – Canterbury Christchurch University 2
  • 3. Scope of Practice • Shoulder: • All aspects – arthroscopy, arthroplasty and fractures • Elbow: • All Aspects – arthroscopy, arthroplasty and fractures • Wrist & Hand • No microvascular • No Tendon transfers / graft • All other aspects covered
  • 5. Shoulder • Cuff Problems • Instability • Stiff Shoulder • Referred Pain
  • 6. • Elbow: • Insertional Tendinopathy • Arthritis • Ulnar Nerve Compression • Ligament Injuries
  • 7. Wrist & Hand • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome • Thumb Base Arthritis • Ganglion • Dupuytren’s Contracture • Trigger Finger / Thumb • deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis • Wrist Arthritis • SLAC / SNAC / OA • Hand Arthritis • Ulnar Impingement • Ligament Injuries
  • 9. Red Flag Signs • Trauma, pain and weakness ? Cuff tear • Any mass or Swelling • Red skin, fever or systemically unwell • Infection • Post epileptic painful shoulder
  • 10. Cuff Pain • Impingement, Cuff Tear, ACJ OA • Management: • Subacromial Bursa Injection • Physiotherapy • When to Refer: • Acute onset • Failure of conservative treatment • Over age of 75 - ? CTA
  • 11. Instability • Traumatic • First time - nonoperatively • If recurrent • Atraumatic • Refer early on
  • 12. Stiff Shoulder • Three Causes • Arthritis • Frozen Shoulder • Dislocated Shoulder • Plain Radiographs
  • 13. • If not dislocated – try injection / physio • Frozen Shoulder – physio typically makes pain worse in early stages. • When to refer: • Early in frozen shoulder esp in diabetic
  • 14. Elbow • Accounts for <10% workload • Tendinopathies most common • Lateral >>>>> Medial • Conservative • Steroid Injection / Physiotherapy • Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
  • 16. • Ulnar Nerve Compression • Muscle Wasting
  • 17. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome • Commonest Entrapment Neuropathy • Symptoms & Signs • Bad Prognostic Signs: • Permanent Numbness • Muscle Wasting • EMG Studies • Referral: • After splints / injections failed • Early if Numbness / Muscle wasting
  • 18. Ganglion • A small cystic tumour connected either with a joint membrane or tendon sheath
  • 19. Arthritis • Thumb Base • DIPJ / PIPJ • Wrist • MCPJ
  • 20. • NSAID’s • Splints • Hand Therapy • Steroid Injection
  • 21. Triggering / deQuervain’s • Always try injection • May repeat at 3 months if better • Refer otherwise
  • 22. Dupuytren’s Contracture • Genetic Condition • Men >>> Women • Referral: • MCPJ – 30 • PIPJ – Any
  • 23.
  • 24. Ulnar Impingement • Ulnar sided wrist pain • Worse on gripping / strength activities • Splints / NSAIDs
  • 25. What’s Changed in Shoulder • More Arthroscopic Surgery • Advantages • More Total Shoulders & Reverse Shoulders • Reverse Shoulder Replacement for trauma
  • 26. 3939
  • 28. 4141
  • 30.
  • 32. Dupuytren’s • Xiapex –Collagenase •Injectable form of 2 collagenase enzymes –Isolated from the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum –Work in in a complementary fashion • Small Volume injected in cord •Finger extension 24 - 48 hours later
  • 33.
  • 34. • Shoulder • USG vs MRI • ACJ Degeneration • EMG studies