A googol is the large number 10 to the power of 100, which is 1 followed by 100 zeros. The term was coined in 1938 by 9-year-old Milton Sirotta to help illustrate the vast size of numbers that are difficult to comprehend. While a googol has no direct mathematical significance, it provides context for comparing other extremely large numbers, such as the number of particles in the visible universe or possible chess moves.