Google algorithms help users find relevant search results by analyzing websites and determining quality. There are several types of Google algorithms, including Panda, Penguin, Hummingbird, and Pigeon. Panda penalizes low-quality websites and rewards high-quality ones, while Penguin penalizes websites that use manipulative link-building practices. Hummingbird improved semantic search, and Pigeon enhanced local search rankings based on distance and location.