This document provides guidance on good painting practices for maintenance and repair projects. It discusses various types of surface preparation for steel structures, including non-blasting methods. It emphasizes the importance of stripe coating welds, edges and other difficult to reach areas. It also reviews different coating application methods like brush, roller and airless spray. Finally, it provides tips for proper airless spray application techniques, including maintaining the correct distance, angle and overlap between strokes.
This is an introductory presentation into the world of linings that are used in various industries. We will review what a lining is and what types of linings exist in the market place. We will also discuss how to choose or specify a lining system which includes surface preparation, proper application, repairs to lining defect and how fast a lining will be ready for service.
If you have any questions Contact us at:
http://info.international-pc.com/Solutions
This document discusses the technique of "stripe coating" or "striping" which involves applying an extra layer of protective coating to irregular steel surfaces like edges, corners, crevices, bolts and welds in order to provide additional corrosion protection. These areas are difficult to adequately coat due to factors like reduced coating thickness, surface tension and coating shrinkage. The document describes how to prepare surfaces requiring stripe coating, such as by grinding edges to a rounded or chamfered profile. It also discusses best practices for applying the stripe coat, including using brushing for maximum control and coverage, applying it before or after the full coat, and ensuring the stripe coat is a different color for inspection. Stripe coating is especially important for surfaces
This document discusses coatings and their application processes. It begins by introducing coatings and their purposes of decorating and protecting surfaces. It then discusses substrate preparation which involves cleaning surfaces and making them smooth. The main application methods discussed are brushing, rolling, dipping, and various spraying techniques like pneumatic spraying and airless spraying. Priming and applying multiple finish coats is usually necessary. Proper substrate preparation and application techniques help the coating adhere and perform as intended.
This document provides specifications for painting at work and site locations for above ground pipelines and plant installations. It outlines various terms, surface preparation requirements, paint systems, and procedures for painting ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The specifications cover new coatings, maintenance coatings, hot surface coatings, painting damp surfaces, low pressure gas holder maintenance, and initial non-ferrous coating systems. Requirements include abrasive blasting to certain standards, applying primers, intermediate coats, and finish coats to achieve specified dry film thicknesses tailored for different temperature ranges and conditions.
1. The document provides an overview of coating techniques used by Technip Singapore including for offshore pipeline installation, offshore structure installation, fabrication services, and diving.
2. It discusses the instructor's background and contact information, as well as Technip Singapore's capabilities in areas like shallow to deep water pipelay, rigging of pipes, and installation of platforms and subsea structures.
3. Abbreviations commonly used in coating projects are defined.
This document discusses various methods of surface preparation for coatings. Traditional methods like sandblasting can be hazardous and harmful to the environment. A newer plasma treatment method uses low-temperature plasma discharge to clean and functionalize surfaces without pollution. Plasma treatment improves hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of surfaces and allows for better coating adhesion. While plasma treatment shows advantages over traditional methods, further optimization is still needed regarding glow discharge stability and repair of coated surfaces.
This is an introductory presentation into the world of linings that are used in various industries. We will review what a lining is and what types of linings exist in the market place. We will also discuss how to choose or specify a lining system which includes surface preparation, proper application, repairs to lining defect and how fast a lining will be ready for service.
If you have any questions Contact us at:
http://info.international-pc.com/Solutions
This document discusses the technique of "stripe coating" or "striping" which involves applying an extra layer of protective coating to irregular steel surfaces like edges, corners, crevices, bolts and welds in order to provide additional corrosion protection. These areas are difficult to adequately coat due to factors like reduced coating thickness, surface tension and coating shrinkage. The document describes how to prepare surfaces requiring stripe coating, such as by grinding edges to a rounded or chamfered profile. It also discusses best practices for applying the stripe coat, including using brushing for maximum control and coverage, applying it before or after the full coat, and ensuring the stripe coat is a different color for inspection. Stripe coating is especially important for surfaces
This document discusses coatings and their application processes. It begins by introducing coatings and their purposes of decorating and protecting surfaces. It then discusses substrate preparation which involves cleaning surfaces and making them smooth. The main application methods discussed are brushing, rolling, dipping, and various spraying techniques like pneumatic spraying and airless spraying. Priming and applying multiple finish coats is usually necessary. Proper substrate preparation and application techniques help the coating adhere and perform as intended.
This document provides specifications for painting at work and site locations for above ground pipelines and plant installations. It outlines various terms, surface preparation requirements, paint systems, and procedures for painting ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The specifications cover new coatings, maintenance coatings, hot surface coatings, painting damp surfaces, low pressure gas holder maintenance, and initial non-ferrous coating systems. Requirements include abrasive blasting to certain standards, applying primers, intermediate coats, and finish coats to achieve specified dry film thicknesses tailored for different temperature ranges and conditions.
1. The document provides an overview of coating techniques used by Technip Singapore including for offshore pipeline installation, offshore structure installation, fabrication services, and diving.
2. It discusses the instructor's background and contact information, as well as Technip Singapore's capabilities in areas like shallow to deep water pipelay, rigging of pipes, and installation of platforms and subsea structures.
3. Abbreviations commonly used in coating projects are defined.
This document discusses various methods of surface preparation for coatings. Traditional methods like sandblasting can be hazardous and harmful to the environment. A newer plasma treatment method uses low-temperature plasma discharge to clean and functionalize surfaces without pollution. Plasma treatment improves hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of surfaces and allows for better coating adhesion. While plasma treatment shows advantages over traditional methods, further optimization is still needed regarding glow discharge stability and repair of coated surfaces.
The document discusses mold and core coatings used in metal casting. It provides information on:
1) The physical and chemical effects that can occur between liquid metal and sand molds without a coating, such as metal penetration and sand burn-on.
2) The key characteristics an effective coating should possess, such as refractory properties and good adhesion.
3) The typical components of foundry coatings, including refractory fillers, liquid carriers, binders, and rheology control systems.
4) Common application methods for coatings like brushing, dipping, spraying, and overpouring. Equipment used in mixing and applying coatings is also discussed.
Senthil Kumar has over 8 years of experience as a NACE Level II Coating Inspector. He has extensive knowledge of surface preparation techniques and coating applications across various industries. His responsibilities include ensuring coatings are applied according to specifications, conducting inspections, and maintaining documentation. He is proficient in coating inspection methods and has experience with numerous coating products from major manufacturers.
This document provides guidance on painting and coating for industrial purposes. It discusses topics such as coating materials, surface preparation, paint systems, and testing. The key points are:
- Surface preparation involves removing contaminants and roughening the surface to specified standards. Common abrasives include copper slag and garnet.
- Paint systems consist of a primer, intermediate coats if needed, and a final coat. Parameters like temperature, humidity and coating thickness must meet specifications.
- Testing ensures equipment is calibrated and surfaces meet cleanliness standards before and after coating application. This helps ensure proper adhesion.
Senthil Kumar has over 8 years of experience as a certified coating inspector. He has worked on various projects involving surface preparation and application of coatings to structures like vessels, pipelines, and pressure vessels. He is responsible for ensuring coating work is done according to specifications and maintains documentation. He is currently a senior coating advisor in Qatar, providing technical support and training to customers.
Troubleshooting Your Humiseal Conformal Coating ProcessLee Hitchens
This document discusses common defects that can occur with conformal coatings, including capillary flow, de-wetting, delamination, cracking, corrosion, orange peel, and bubbles. It provides the root causes and solutions for each defect to help troubleshoot conformal coating process failures and prevent issues from reoccurring. Understanding the coating type, application method, curing process, and full coating process is important to identify the root cause of defects.
The document discusses various types of coating failures and defects such as blistering, chalking, cracking, cratering, fading, and more. For each one, it provides the causes such as osmotic gradients, soluble salts, corrosion products, thermal gradients, compressive stress, ultraviolet light, and more. It also lists ways to prevent the failures and defects, which include proper surface preparation, application of suitable coating systems, using light stable pigments, flexible coatings, correct application techniques and more.
The document provides an overview of the induction training process at Universal M/C's Limited. It describes the anodizing and powder coating processes, including bath chemistry, temperatures, immersion times and functions. It also discusses jigging, inspection of anodized materials, defects, standards, dye and spot testing. Other sections cover fabrication processes like cutting, milling, drilling and piercing. The importance of dies for piercing solar frames is explained. Finally, it describes how aluminum extrusion can be used to create frameworks to support solar panels.
This document discusses marine coatings and protective coatings. It provides information on the types of structures that coatings protect, including ships, offshore structures, and industrial equipment. It notes that the main function of coatings is to protect steel from corrosion and chemicals. The document also provides statistics on the market size for anticorrosion coatings and discusses the key performance requirements for marine coatings. It describes some of the major application areas that utilize coatings, including ballast tanks, cargo holds, and offshore oil platforms.
The document defines and categorizes various coating defects that can occur, including those related to surface preparation, application, and the coating film itself. It describes 13 common defects - blistering, bubbling, checking, cracking, corrosion, edge/corner failure, peeling/flaking/delaminating - and discusses their causes. The document is intended for internal use by AkzoNobel Protective Coatings to understand and address coating defects.
Transmission structure painting is a physically demanding job that requires specialized training due to the dangerous and energized nature of the work. Most tower painters retire around age 35 due to the toll on the body. Traditional coating methods for corroded structures involve multiple climbs to complete surface preparation and apply primer, intermediate, and finish coats. Using the most cost-effective method can reduce the number of climbs and thereby reduce labor costs. Standards such as ISO and SSPC provide guidance on selecting coatings and surface preparation methods suited for transmission structures.
This document summarizes the presentation given by Mr. Sunil Kumar on the painting system for building works at Asab Site Conference Hall. It discusses the different types of painting systems for internal and external concrete, block masonry, structural steel, and wood surfaces. It provides details on the tools, materials, and steps required for painting, including surface preparation, application of primer, intermediate, and finishing coats. The approved paint systems for the Asab substation 5283 project are listed. Best practices for good workmanship such as regular inspection, training, and identifying defects are also covered.
The document describes the coil coating process, which involves cleaning and pretreating steel coils before applying primer and topcoat paint in a continuous line. Key steps include receiving raw coils, pretreating with chemicals to prepare the surface, applying primer and topcoat via coater ovens, and testing finished coils through procedures like measuring gloss, flexibility, and solvent resistance.
Casting procedures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Page 17
Casting procedures
The document discusses the procedures for dental castings using the lost wax technique. It covers preparation of the master die from dental stone, fabrication of the wax pattern, design of the sprue and investing procedure. The key steps include:
1. Preparing an accurate wax pattern on the stone die with sprues attached in strategic locations.
2. Investing the pattern in a specialized dental investment material like gypsum or phosphate bonded investment using vacuum mixing.
3. Allowing the investment to set fully before slowly heating it to burn out the wax pattern, leaving a mold to pour the molten dental alloy into.
4. Careful control of
Consistent Retro Readings on Course Chip Seal and Seal Coats.Eric Nelson
Good retroreflectivity in the 30-meter geometry is difficult to achieve on large aggregate, rough road surfaces like chip seal and seal coat. This presentation discusses the technical reasons for the issues and offers solutions on how to improve road marking application.
The document discusses the high costs of corrosion in India and issues with current anti-corrosion coatings. It states that corrosion is a major maintenance cost over the lifespan of equipment. Current coatings require clean, dry surfaces with a profile for proper adhesion but are often applied to surfaces that are not properly prepared. This can cause adhesion and barrier issues, leading to coating failures and corrosion. The document recommends using coatings that are more surface tolerant and can perform even on rusty, damp or poorly prepared surfaces. It provides examples of applications of such high performance coatings in industries.
Induron Coatings for Transmission and DistributionIntermark Group
The document discusses corrosion of weathered galvanized and painted transmission structures and equipment. It covers evaluating corrosion levels, understanding coating technologies, and creating a long-term corrosion maintenance program. Key topics include corrosion causes and prevention, coating service life estimates, coating specification considerations for different environments, and cost estimates for coating maintenance at different time intervals.
The document discusses mold and core coatings used in metal casting. It provides information on:
1) The physical and chemical effects that can occur between liquid metal and sand molds without a coating, such as metal penetration and sand burn-on.
2) The key characteristics an effective coating should possess, such as refractory properties and good adhesion.
3) The typical components of foundry coatings, including refractory fillers, liquid carriers, binders, and rheology control systems.
4) Common application methods for coatings like brushing, dipping, spraying, and overpouring. Equipment used in mixing and applying coatings is also discussed.
Senthil Kumar has over 8 years of experience as a NACE Level II Coating Inspector. He has extensive knowledge of surface preparation techniques and coating applications across various industries. His responsibilities include ensuring coatings are applied according to specifications, conducting inspections, and maintaining documentation. He is proficient in coating inspection methods and has experience with numerous coating products from major manufacturers.
This document provides guidance on painting and coating for industrial purposes. It discusses topics such as coating materials, surface preparation, paint systems, and testing. The key points are:
- Surface preparation involves removing contaminants and roughening the surface to specified standards. Common abrasives include copper slag and garnet.
- Paint systems consist of a primer, intermediate coats if needed, and a final coat. Parameters like temperature, humidity and coating thickness must meet specifications.
- Testing ensures equipment is calibrated and surfaces meet cleanliness standards before and after coating application. This helps ensure proper adhesion.
Senthil Kumar has over 8 years of experience as a certified coating inspector. He has worked on various projects involving surface preparation and application of coatings to structures like vessels, pipelines, and pressure vessels. He is responsible for ensuring coating work is done according to specifications and maintains documentation. He is currently a senior coating advisor in Qatar, providing technical support and training to customers.
Troubleshooting Your Humiseal Conformal Coating ProcessLee Hitchens
This document discusses common defects that can occur with conformal coatings, including capillary flow, de-wetting, delamination, cracking, corrosion, orange peel, and bubbles. It provides the root causes and solutions for each defect to help troubleshoot conformal coating process failures and prevent issues from reoccurring. Understanding the coating type, application method, curing process, and full coating process is important to identify the root cause of defects.
The document discusses various types of coating failures and defects such as blistering, chalking, cracking, cratering, fading, and more. For each one, it provides the causes such as osmotic gradients, soluble salts, corrosion products, thermal gradients, compressive stress, ultraviolet light, and more. It also lists ways to prevent the failures and defects, which include proper surface preparation, application of suitable coating systems, using light stable pigments, flexible coatings, correct application techniques and more.
The document provides an overview of the induction training process at Universal M/C's Limited. It describes the anodizing and powder coating processes, including bath chemistry, temperatures, immersion times and functions. It also discusses jigging, inspection of anodized materials, defects, standards, dye and spot testing. Other sections cover fabrication processes like cutting, milling, drilling and piercing. The importance of dies for piercing solar frames is explained. Finally, it describes how aluminum extrusion can be used to create frameworks to support solar panels.
This document discusses marine coatings and protective coatings. It provides information on the types of structures that coatings protect, including ships, offshore structures, and industrial equipment. It notes that the main function of coatings is to protect steel from corrosion and chemicals. The document also provides statistics on the market size for anticorrosion coatings and discusses the key performance requirements for marine coatings. It describes some of the major application areas that utilize coatings, including ballast tanks, cargo holds, and offshore oil platforms.
The document defines and categorizes various coating defects that can occur, including those related to surface preparation, application, and the coating film itself. It describes 13 common defects - blistering, bubbling, checking, cracking, corrosion, edge/corner failure, peeling/flaking/delaminating - and discusses their causes. The document is intended for internal use by AkzoNobel Protective Coatings to understand and address coating defects.
Transmission structure painting is a physically demanding job that requires specialized training due to the dangerous and energized nature of the work. Most tower painters retire around age 35 due to the toll on the body. Traditional coating methods for corroded structures involve multiple climbs to complete surface preparation and apply primer, intermediate, and finish coats. Using the most cost-effective method can reduce the number of climbs and thereby reduce labor costs. Standards such as ISO and SSPC provide guidance on selecting coatings and surface preparation methods suited for transmission structures.
This document summarizes the presentation given by Mr. Sunil Kumar on the painting system for building works at Asab Site Conference Hall. It discusses the different types of painting systems for internal and external concrete, block masonry, structural steel, and wood surfaces. It provides details on the tools, materials, and steps required for painting, including surface preparation, application of primer, intermediate, and finishing coats. The approved paint systems for the Asab substation 5283 project are listed. Best practices for good workmanship such as regular inspection, training, and identifying defects are also covered.
The document describes the coil coating process, which involves cleaning and pretreating steel coils before applying primer and topcoat paint in a continuous line. Key steps include receiving raw coils, pretreating with chemicals to prepare the surface, applying primer and topcoat via coater ovens, and testing finished coils through procedures like measuring gloss, flexibility, and solvent resistance.
Casting procedures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Page 17
Casting procedures
The document discusses the procedures for dental castings using the lost wax technique. It covers preparation of the master die from dental stone, fabrication of the wax pattern, design of the sprue and investing procedure. The key steps include:
1. Preparing an accurate wax pattern on the stone die with sprues attached in strategic locations.
2. Investing the pattern in a specialized dental investment material like gypsum or phosphate bonded investment using vacuum mixing.
3. Allowing the investment to set fully before slowly heating it to burn out the wax pattern, leaving a mold to pour the molten dental alloy into.
4. Careful control of
Consistent Retro Readings on Course Chip Seal and Seal Coats.Eric Nelson
Good retroreflectivity in the 30-meter geometry is difficult to achieve on large aggregate, rough road surfaces like chip seal and seal coat. This presentation discusses the technical reasons for the issues and offers solutions on how to improve road marking application.
The document discusses the high costs of corrosion in India and issues with current anti-corrosion coatings. It states that corrosion is a major maintenance cost over the lifespan of equipment. Current coatings require clean, dry surfaces with a profile for proper adhesion but are often applied to surfaces that are not properly prepared. This can cause adhesion and barrier issues, leading to coating failures and corrosion. The document recommends using coatings that are more surface tolerant and can perform even on rusty, damp or poorly prepared surfaces. It provides examples of applications of such high performance coatings in industries.
Induron Coatings for Transmission and DistributionIntermark Group
The document discusses corrosion of weathered galvanized and painted transmission structures and equipment. It covers evaluating corrosion levels, understanding coating technologies, and creating a long-term corrosion maintenance program. Key topics include corrosion causes and prevention, coating service life estimates, coating specification considerations for different environments, and cost estimates for coating maintenance at different time intervals.
Similar to Good-painting-practic-amp-maintenance-amp-repair-painting-standard.pdf (20)
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
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Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
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KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
1. Good Painting Practices in
Maintenance & Repair
Technical Service Department .
Asian Paints PPG Pvt. Ltd.
2. Contents
1. What is Coating?
2. Corrosion in Steel.
3. Surface Preparation for Maintenance- Non Blasting Type.
4. Importance of Stripe Coating(Practice).
5. Methods of applications(Brush /Roller /Spray).
6. Application techniques and Good painting practice.
7. Materials Handling.
8. Bad Painting Practice & Overconsumption.
9. Site Equipment Application & Painting Accessories.
10.
11. Safety Equipment’s.
4. What is a Coating?
• A coating is a film of material applied to surfaces subject
to the environment but not necessarily subject to
immersion service
What is a Lining?
• A lining is a film material applied to interior and exterior
surfaces subject to immersion.
5. Major components of a Coating
Pigment Binder Solvent Additive
-Hiding -Film formation -Application -To improve
-Corrosion resistance -Chemical resistance -Drying/Curing paint properties
6. Why we use Coatings?
• For protection against corrosion.
• For protection against fouling.
• For aesthetic appeal.
• For adding value to the coated object.
• For enhancing the life of the coated object.
• Many owners use coatings for projecting the image of
the company.
18. Causes
- Removal of coating by detachment, mechanical forces.
- Low film thickness.
- Inadequate surface preparation before coating application.
- Poor coating performance, incorrect selection.
Coating life time exceeded
Remedial Action
- Scrape off rust scale and loose coatings.
- Prepare corroded areas to achieve the required standard.
Power tool / Hydro blast / Grit blast
- Feather edges of intact coatings and abrade overlap area.
- Patch prime and apply touch-up of finish.
CORROSION
19. BLISTERING
Liquid OR Gas exerts a pressure on coating greater than adhesional strength
causing localised detachment.
Coating stretches to form hemispherical blister(s). Once internal pressure exceeds
coating strength, the coating will rupture leading to holiday in coating.
20. BLISTERING
Cause
- Solvent entrapment due to excessive coating thickness
- Solvent entrapment due to premature over coating
- Osmotic blistering due to soluble salts (paint or substrate)
- Electroendosmosis (Cathodic over protection)
- Low film thickness
- Air entrapment
- Premature exposure to water
Remedial Action
- Scrape open blisters, chasing back to a firm edge
- Fresh water wash to remove contamination
- Prepare corroded areas to achieve the required standard.
- Feather edges of intact coatings to give smooth overlap
- Patch prime and apply finish as appropriate
22. DETACHMENT
Causes
- Surface contamination on substrate prior to o/c:
Oil / Grease / Salts / Rust / Water
- Incorrect surface preparation:
Shot vs. Grit vs. Hydro Blasting profiles
- Cure conditions prior to over coating:
Temperature / Ventilation / UV Exposure
- Maximum over coating intervals exceeded
Build-up of coatings leading to internal stress
Remedial Action
- Scrape off loose scale and coating(s)
- Fresh water wash affected areas
- Prepare areas of corrosion to required standard
- Patch prime and apply touch-up of finish as appropriate
24. SAGGING & RUNS
Causes
- Coating applied at excessive wet film thickness
- Too much thinner added
- Paint incompletely mixed prior to application
Remedial Action
1. Allow paint to dry to a hard finish
2. Remove runs with sandpaper to produce a smooth surface and
provide a mechanical key.
3. Re-apply finish, ensuring thin areas above runs are also
recoated so that specified film thickness is achieved
25. CRACKING – Hairline / Checking / Crazing / Mud
Hairline – fine surface cracks that occur erratically and at random
Checking – As above, but give a uniform pattern
Crazing – Similar to checking, but go deeper and are broader
Cracking – Breakdown penetrates to substrate, corrosion and detachment
Mud Cracks – penetrate to substrate and form unform pattern. (ZnSilicates)
Cracking Hairline Mud Cracking
26. Causes / Remedial Action
Checking / Crazing:
Stress in coating surface
Cracking:
Caused by high internal stress within the coating system
- Thermal cycling: Coating specification
- Wet / dry cycling: Coating specification
- Incorrect systems applied: thermosets over thermoplastics
- Loss of plasticiser from the film
- Excessive paint thickness
- Incorrect surface preparation
CRACKING – Hairline / Checking / Crazing / Mud
27. Cause / Remedial Action
Mud Cracking:
Generally only occurs with Zinc silicates
- Binder out of shelf life
- Coating over applied
- Humidity too low during application conditions
CRACKING – Hairline / Checking / Crazing / Mud
39. STEPS PARAMETERE OUTCOME
STEP-1 Identify Environment where
structural steel will be located.
C1/C2/C3/C4/C5
STEP-2 Plant/ Atmospheric Conditions
(Internal/External)
or Immersed
Splash zone/Fresh/Sea water Intake-(IM1 OR IM2)
/ Tank lining/ /Chemical Zones /Cooling Tower
/HR/CUI/
STEP-3 NB OR MAINTENANCE Either it will be project painting or corrosion
Audit./Customer Requirement.
STEP-4 NEW BUILDING Suggestion of suitable coating system depending
on corrosiveness of environment and whether it is
exposed or Internal. Systems with Sa2.5/st3 as per
customer requirement.
STEP-5 MAINTENANCE Suggest suitable coating system depending on
corrosiveness of environment . Surface tolerant
epoxies based system for moderate/high corrosive
environment.
STEP-6 COMMUNICATION Technical , Application and Working Procedure
related details to be communicated to the client.
Recommendation for Maintenance -Planning.
42. Stripe coating
• One of the most common reasons for using brush in
marine industry is to apply a stripe coating to welds,
edges and corners.
Stripe coating is done for 2 reasons-
• To apply additional material to the edges so that the finished
film on edges meets the required DFT.
• To fill small voids and roughness in the weld seam.
45. Stripe coating
• Use a good quality paint brush
• Work the paint well into the
substrate to wet the substrate
properly
• Welds, edges, notches and
areas difficult to reach by spray
must be stripe coated
46. Stripe coating.
Welds, edges, notches and areas
difficult to reach by spray must be
stripe coated
Sigmaprime:
Note the contrast between stripe
coat and spray coat due to different
method of application
47. Stripe coating
• Weld seams
• Edges
• Bulbs
• Angels / bars
• Notches etc.
Constrasting Colors should be applied for easy identification and
inspection
48. Stripe coating- W.B.Tank
• Welds, edges, notches and
areas difficult to reach by spray
must be stripe coated
• Note the contrasting colours
Sigmaprime Green-Spray
Sigmaprime Grey- Stripe
49. Stripe coating-C.O.Tank
• All welding seams and
sharp edges and areas
difficult to reach by
airless spray are stripe
coated
• Note the contrasting
colours
51. Stripe coating.
• Stripe coating is a time
consuming job
• Often a poor quality paint
brush is used
• Lack of knowledge or
available time for doing a
good paint job
• The paint is not worked well
into the substrate.
• Missing stripe coating can
lead to pre-mature failure
•Holidays seen.
The paint must be worked
properly with several strokes for
good wetting.
52. Examples-Poor Stripe coating
• Stripe coating of a corner in a
tank
• Weld has been blasted
• Uneven film partly with sags,
partly too thin
• Holidays in rough weld
• Poor steelwork
• Stripe coating applied too thin
• Several holidays
• Runs
54. Coating application
• Cleanliness and good housekeeping before,
during and after application are one of the most
important factors to have a good result
This site is a disaster….
55. Methods of application
• In order to paint complex structures in PC industry,
different method of application are used.
56. Common Methods of Application-
• Brush
• Roller
• Conventional Spray
• Airless Spray
Conventional Spray rarely used in PC Industry.
58. APPLICATION METHODS – SELECTION
CRITERIA
Brush
fair
fair
excellent
excellent
excellent
excellent
Good
excellent
fair
Good
Poor
Roller
Good
Good
excellent
excellent
Good
Good
fair
excellent
fair
fair
fair
Spray
excellent
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor /good*
Poor
excellent
Poor
excellent
Good*
Good
Characteristic
Speed
Ease of application
Simplicity of equipment
Safety
Material conservation
Portability
Versatility
Initial economics
Long range economics
Hiding power
Uniformity
* varies with operator
59. Brush Application
• Advantages-
• Good wetting on the substrate.
• Good for stripe coating on inaccessible surfaces.
• Forces the paint better than a roller on bare steel.
• Limitations
• Slower production rates.
• Low film built.
• Requires applicator skills.
60. Roller application
• Advantages
• Faster method of application compared to brush.
• Good on areas with poor accessibility.
For e.g.-Back of bars.
• Good selection of roller gives good results
• For e.g.- Thin rollers with glossy finishes
• Disadvantages
• Not suitable for application on bare steel.
• May incorporate pinholes and voids.
• Poor wetting on weld seams.
• Low film built, many coats required.
61. Brush Vs Roller
Roller unable to “wet” the profile
on a blasted surface.
Note- Roller should not be used on a blasted surface.
Brush able to “ wet” the roughness
on a blasted surface.
63. Typical Airless spray system
Pump
Filter
Gun
Paint
The airless pump siphons paint from
a
container and propels it, under high
pressure, through a filter and to a
gun
where it is atomized and directed to
the
part.
Compressed air is required only to
64. Airless spraying
• Paint is subjected to very
high pressure using the
airless pump
• This high pressure paint is
forced through a very small
diameter spray tip in the gun
• On releasing, the pressure
changes to atmospheric
pressure producing a spray
pattern and paint atomization
68. Airless Vs Conventional Spray
On internal surfaces no visible bounceback
indicates easy-to-control spray for improved first-
pass coverage.
On internal surfaces particles mixed with air
rebound and fail to cover corners and recesses.
Conventional Spray
Airless spray
69. On external surfaces soft spray creates little or no
overspray for minimal waste and cleaner, safer
operating environment.
Airless Vs Conventional Spray
On external surfaces turbulent air spray
creates excessive overspray and high material waste.
Airless spray
Conventional spray
70. Airless spray
Advantages
• Fast application.
• Higher production rates
• High film built possible.
• No bounce back or
overspray
• High solid and high
performance coatings can
be applied
71. Airless spray application is a very fast way of applying paint
• Spray application ensures a high
production rate
• Working in groups may speed up the
process even further
• A good result depends on the skills of the
applicator:
► Keep the spray gun at a correct
distance from the object
► Do not tilt the gun too much
► Release the trigger before stopping the
stroke
Show movie
72. Application with Airless Spray gun.
Stroke and triggering
•Start moving
the spray gun
before pulling
the trigger
Structure
Release
trigger before
stopping the
movement
Use smooth and
even strokes
Use as low
pressure as
possible to
obtain a
homogenous fan
75. Airless Spray-Application Techniques
The distance should be between 30 and 60 cm.
The optimal distance will vary, among other things with wind, temperature, pressure at the
nozzle and viscosity of the paint .
Long distance between spray gun and object will lead to Dry spray and Surface roughness
76. Overlap strokes by 50% for uniform film build
AIRLESS SPRAY- Proper Overlapping Technique.
Check WFT at beginning…
77. Airless spray-Application techniques
1
2
3
4
5
6
• Begin application on
corners and complex
areas first
• Coat each corner by
vertical strokes
• The areas adjacent to
the corner should be
covered by vertical
strokes
•This will ensure uniform thickness on the corners.
Overlap
by 50%
during
each pass
7
78. Airless Spray-Application techniques
• Before application Mask
items that should not be
coated.
• Stripe coat weld seams,
edges, brackets etc.
• Spray complex areas
first to achieve required
film built
79. Airless spray-Application tips
• Important tips-
• Use correct spray distance and
angle
• Use correct pump pressure
• Mix the paint properly.
• Always use right quantity of
thinner.
• Use correct stroke while spraying
• Use correct nozzle size
• Use good lights 90º 50 cm
Metal
Correct spray dist&
angle
80. Pattern Size
• The mil thickness of the coating on the work
• piece is controlled by both the orifice size and
• the fan angle. Increase the orifice size, but
• leave the fan size the same and the thickness of
• paint will increase.
81. Spray Techniques
• Level Surfaces
When spraying a level or horizontal surface,
always start on the near side of the part and
work to the far side of the part: this technique
allows the overspray to fall on the uncoated
work. Some gun tilt will be necessary.
• Slender Parts
When spraying slender parts, choose a spray
pattern that fits the part to be finished. When
using a vertical pattern, the spray speed must
be faster.
• Round Parts
Small cylinder shapes, like furniture legs,
Are best sprayed with a narrow spray pattern,
using three vertical strokes. A vertical pattern
and stroke can be used, but the gun
movement must be quicker to prevent sags
and runs.
Spray smaller or medium diameter cylinders
with lengthwise strokes. Spray large cylinders like
a flat vertical surface, only with shorter
strokes.
82. Tip Size Selection
Factors to Consider When Selecting a Tip
• Material to be sprayed
• Spray pump capacity
• Final finish required
• Painter’s experience level
83. Tip Size GPM LPM
.015 .23 .9
.017 .30 1.1
.023 .55 2.1
.027 .77 2.9
.031 1.00 3.8
.035 1.25 4.7
.043 1.75 6.6
.055 2.50 9.5
Tips are rated in Gallons Per Minute – GPM
and Liters Per Minute – LPM
Tip Size vs. GPM & LPM
Tip Size Selection
84. Material Tip Size
Lacquer and Stain ( Wood Coatings ) .011 to .013
Oil Base Paint ( Enamels ) – up to 30 %
Volume Solids to achieve 30 – 50 Micron DFT
.013 to .015
Latex Paint ( Interior Exterior Water based
Paints ) 30 – 50 % Volume Solids to achieve 50
– 100 Micron DFT
.015 to .019
Heavy Latex & Smooth Elastomeric , Epoxies &
Pus with 50 to 80% Volume solids to achieve
150 – 250 Micron DFT
.021 to .025
Elastomeric & BlockFiller, High Built Coaitngs
to achieve 80% to 100 % Volume solids to
achieve above 250 Micron DFT
.025 to .035 +
Tip Size Selection
Recommended Tip Sizes for Various Materials (Refer PDS):
86. Pattern Size
• The shape of the orifice determines
fan angle and fan width. Under close
examination, an airless tip has an
elliptical shape (“cat’s eye”).
• The elliptically shaped orifice will
form a similar elliptically shaped
spray pattern.
• By turning the spray tip on the gun to
the desired position, the airless tip
also generates either a vertical or
horizontal spray pattern. This action
accommodates different work piece
configurations where one pattern may
be more effective than another.
87. Function of an Airless Spray Tip
• Determines the fluid flow or amount of the
coating applied
• Creates back pressure in the line for an evenly
atomized pattern
• Creates the spray pattern - fan width
88. Graco’s Numbering System
• The last three digits (517)
indicate the fan width and
the tip’s orifice (hole) size
• In this example, double the
first number (5) for the
minimum fan width (2x5 =
10 in. spray pattern) when
the gun is held 12 inches
from the surface.
• The last two numbers (17)
indicate the tip size (the
orifice or hole size) in
thousandths of an inch.
517 Tip
5 17
X 2
= 10 inch
fan width
= .017”
orifice
89. Tip Size Selection
Factors to Consider When Selecting a Tip
• Material to be sprayed
• Spray pump capacity
• Final finish required
• Painter’s experience level
90. • How to choose the right tip for your jobs:
► Lower viscosity materials require a smaller orifice
► Heavier bodied materials require a larger orifice
• The type of job may also determine which tip to
use:
► Fine Finish for cabinets and trim
► WideRAC tip for large areas where high production is
needed
Tip Size Selection
91. Q: Which tip puts out more paint
LTX-517 or LTX-317 ?
A: Each tip has the same size orifice and each allows
the same flow of material—approximately 1.1 lpm.
The 517 tip sprays the paint in a larger area and the
mil build (thickness) is less than the 317 tip.
Tip Size and Mil Build
Tip Size Selection
92. OPERATOR MAINTENANCE
• Regular Maintenance
1. Clean out the front of the tip
at least twice a day with a
solvent soaked brush to
keep material from building
up and clogging the tip.
2. Check the fluid filters
periodically. Clean or
replace filters as needed.
Shut Down
WARNING
Before servicing the tip or gun, and before
disassembling the gun, always shut off the
pump, trigger the gun, engage the trigger
safety and open the pump drain valve
(normally located below the filter) to relieve
pressure in the system. Disconnect the fluid
hose from the gun.
1. Relieve all fluid pressure in the system, and
soak only the tip of the gun in a compatible
solvent, or remove the entire fluid tip and soak it
in solvent.
93. Homogenous spray fan, without fingering
• The distance to the object is good
• A spray fan with an angle in the range 60 to 80 degrees is quite common
when spraying flat, large areas.
Cd-4934-21
95. Why correct application necessary?
• To save costs.
• To avoid material wastage and overconsumption.
• To get a final product in line with coating specification.
• To enhance coating quality.
• To enhance customer satisfaction.
98. Paint handling at SY
• Check packing
condition after paint
arrival
• Use a well ventilated
shelter for storage of
paint
99. Paint shop
• Coating operations are normally
done in a Paint Shop
• Paint shop can be typical
shelters which allow coating
application even under adverse
conditions.
Note-Paint shop should be clean, well ventilated and easily accessible.
100. Opening the can
• Remove all loose
particles from the lid
• Loosen the lid
• Lift the lid away from
the tin in such a
manner that the
contaminants do not
fall into the paint
• Use a shelter for mixing
and coating operations.
101. Paint Mixing
• Always use mechanical agitator
to ensure proper mixing
• Proper mixing will not be
achieved by a hand stirrer
• A stirrer may also contain dirt
and loose parts that may
contaminate the paint and clog
the spray equipment
• Mix full packs when possible. If
splitting the pack is required, use
the correct ratio.
102. Mixing 2 component paints
• Mix component A
• Slowly add component B while
mixing component A.
• Empty component B
completely
• Thoroughly mix component A
&B.
• Always use mechanical stirrer.
• Some 2 pack paint need
induction time
Plural spray system
103. Pot life
All two-pack material have a pot-life. This is
the time period between mixing and curing
when the paint is workable and can be
applied.
Pot-life is reduced when the temperature
increases and vice versa. (Check product
Datasheet.)
Never mix more paint than can be used before
pot life expires.
Never add thinner to extend the pot-life.
Exceeding pot-life will waste paint, and will block
up airless spray equipment.
104. Paint temperature
• The temperature of the mixed
base and hardener should be
> 15ºC
• If the paint temperature is
lower, then extra solvent is
required to thin the paint.
• Too much thinner can cause
sagging and/or low film build.
Note- Use heating bath under low temperature conditions instead of too much th
105. • Use thinners only when necessary
• Always use the correct thinners for the product.
• (confirm with Product datasheet).
• Limit thinning to 5% by volume (maximum).
•Over-thinning can cause :-
• Solvent entrapment.
• Runs, sags, slumping etc.
• Inadequate cure of the film.
• Reduced volume solids and applied dft
Thinning
109. • A rough surface
• Too much paint dust
• Pinholes in the paint film
• Entrapped air
• Entrapped solvents
• High paint consumption
Incorrect use of airless spray
equipment will result in:
110. Bad Painting practice
Related to 3 factors-
-Faulty equipment
-Poor workmanship
-Painting under bad climatic conditions
111. The importance of good workmanship
Condition
of
surface
Time
Minimum
acceptable condition
Same paint system
Different standard of workmanship
Maintenance required
if condition is below line
112. Wrong spraying technique
• Too long distance
• Wrong angle
• Dry spraying
• Pinholes
• Entrapped air
• Too high paint
consumption
This results in a very poor
paint film.
Cd-4934-73
113. Application from fixed scaffolding.
Spraying with a too long lance
• Too long spraying
lance. Difficult to
handle
• Applicator too close to
the structure, makes it
difficult to keep a
constant distance and
a correct angle to the
substrate
Cd-4934-52
Bad result
Uneven film thickness
114. Unsystematic spray application
• Unsystematic
application
• Low thickness applied.
• The ship was bought
out of service earlier
than estimated.
116. Reasons for Overconsumption
• Applying coating under heavy wind can lead to
overconsumption
• Bad spray application technique
• Mixing more quantity than required (2 pack paints)
• Using wrong nozzles
• Equipment held too close/ too far from object
• Poor application techniques
117. Overconsumption
• Photo 1-
Sprayer trying to
spray without proper
access.
• Photo 2
Sprayer trying to
spray using poor
application
technique
118. Unskilled personnel.
Non - systematic spraying of bullwark
• Several holidays
• Uneven spraying and paint film thickness
• Stripe coating is missing
Cd-4934-39
119. Application by means of an “extension” will cause
overconsumption
• Home-made solution
• Impossible to have
control of the spray
gun
• Will give a very poor
paint film
• Waste of paint
and/or
overconsumption
Very poor application technique
122. Overconsumption
• Mixing many cans is a
waste as the paint starts
to gel after expiry of pot
life.
• Gelled paint cannot be
thinned and re-used.
• This is prime reason for
overconsumption
123. Tips to avoid Overconsumption
• Personnel training
• Use correct application
techniques
• Calculate quantities to be used
as per total area of object to be
coated
Example-Drum distribution in
dry-dock
• Ensure good access to surface
before coating
• Avoid excessive paint mixing
than required
125. 9-List of Application Equipment’s /Painting Accessories
• Emery Paper --Size 36/ 60,80=,(Primer) Size120,160(Intermediate).
• Power Tooling --Power tooling .Grinding Machine.
• Surface Pretreatment --ISO 8501-3 Grade P3( Preparation grade for welds).
• Compressed Air --Compressed air should be free of Oil & Moisture-Blotter Test.
• Airless Machine -- 73:1 preferably, 60:1 can also work. Height and nozzle length to b checked.
• Atomization Pressure --2800-3400 PSI / 200-250Kg/cm2 / 20-25 MPA .
• Airless Tip --“Angle as per Painting contractor”.Eg.317,319,321,323, New Tips for New Job
• Mesh -- 30,60,80,100 Mesh External Filter.
• Hose Line -- 15 -30 mtr length in case of Airless Spray.
• Whirling Hygrometer – To Record DBT,WBT,RH% Dew Point .
• Laser Thermometer – To Record Concrete Substrate Temperature.
• Blast Nozzle -- Venturi Nozzle .
• Profile Gauge -- For measuring Surface Profile.
• Proti-meter / Moisture Meter -- To record Moisture content (Less then 5%).For Concrete.
• Conductivity Gauge -- To monitor water PPM Level and Soluble Salt as per ISO 8502-6&9.
• Permissible level is 100 mg/m2 for C4/C5I/C5M and 120 MG/M2 for C1-C3. Bresle Patches to be used.
• PH Paper - To check PH value if required. Neutral PH is expected.
• Brush Application - Non synthetic and Pure Bristle or Poly Bristle ONLY.
• Oval, Long Handle and Flat Brush for general usage. Monitor consumption of consumables like wire brush
• and emery paper in standard area.
• WFT Gauge -- To check Wet Film Thickness - Sheen Make.
• Weighing Machine -- To weigh Powder 3-5 Kg.
• Power Stirrer -- 500-1000 rpm for Paint and smaller stirrer with
stand for putty mixing.
• LPWC(If Required) - Low pressure pressure water cleaning in range of 2000-5000 psi at nozzle. Hydrojetting Machine .
• Aluminum Volumetric Cylinder (IS Mark) -- To weigh Part Quantity of Volume of Paint.
• Lighting --Sufficient lighting in Painting Area.
• Platform -- Proper platform for application.
• REMARKS : Above are listed few important equipment.s OR Accessories, Contractor to check other details
130. 10- List of Safety Equipment’s
The basic personal protective equipment that shall be made available to
every TSR consists of the following items:
1. Safety helmet (hard hat)
2. Safety footwear (boots or shoes with steel toe-caps)
3. Safety clothing / Body Overalls .
4. Cotton Polka Dotted Gloves and Rubber Gloves(Solvents)
5. Safety goggles or spectacles and face shield (Water Washing)
6. Respiratory protection - dust mask and mask with active cartridge
filters .
7. Ear protectors.-Ear Bud and Ear Muff.
8. Fall protection equipment –Full Body Safety Belt.
Note : Respective site policy is MUST ,above given for reference ONLY.
Refer MSDS .
131. SAFETY
• NO JOB IS SO IMPORTANT AND NO SERVICE IS SO
URGENT THAT WE CAN NOT TAKE TIME TO PERFORM
OUR WORK SAFELY.