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Goniometer ppt 1st year.pptx for studying
- 1. GONIOMETER By : Dr.Himani Atram MPT 2ND YEAR (Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiotherapy)
- 2. Learning Objectives UnderstandROM Define goniometer Identify types of goniometer Universal goniometer
- 3. What is ROM? Movement available at a joint How much a joint can move Whether the movement is normal, limited, or excessive Example : If the elbow bends from straight position to full bend, the total angle covered is the elbow ROM. Types of range of motion Active range of motion Passive range of motion Active assisted range of motion • Measured in degrees • Essential for assessment
- 4. Why ROM IsImportant in Physiotherapy ROM assessment helps to: Identify joint stiffness or restriction Detect muscle tightness or contracture Plan appropriate treatment Monitor improvement or deterioration Document objective findings Compare affected and unaffected sides
- 5. Definition of Goniometery GONIOMETRY is the most widely used method for measuring joint range of motion In Greek gonio = angle and metron = measurement Both AROM and PROM can be measured It is a technique used to measure and document amount of available range of motion of joints Goniometer is the instrument which is used to measure joint range of motion
- 6. Why IsGoniometry Important ? Converts visual estimation into numerical values Helps identify joint stiffness or hypermobility Assists in clinical decision-making Allows comparison: Side to side Pre-treatment vs post-treatment Essential for legal and documentation purposes
- 7. Types of Goniometer • Universal goniometer • Gravity dependent goniometer (Inclinometer) • Electrogoniometer
- 8. Universal Goniometer • Mostcommonly used in the clinical setting. • Used to measure ROM of almost all joints. • Made up of Metal or Plastic 1.Full circle goniometer 2.Half circle goniometer 3.Finger goniometer
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- 10. Parts of Goniometer •Fulcrum (axis) • Stationary arm • Moving arm • Protractor body
- 11. Parts : Body :- The body resembles of a protractor, and may form full circle or half circle. - Fulcrum of the goniometer is present at centre of the body, and is placed at axis of measuring joint. Stationary arm : - The stationary arm is a structural part of the body of the goniometer and cannot be moved independently from the body. - Aligned with proximal segment of the joint. Movable arm : - The moving arm is attached to the center of the body of goniometer, that permits the arm to move freely on the body. - Aligned with distal segment of the joint.
- 13. Gravity Dependent Goniometers (Inclinometers) It use the gravity’s effect on pointers and fluid levels to measure joint position and motion. It is of two types : Pendulum Goniometer : First described by Fox and Van Breemen in 1934. It consists of a 360-degree protractor with a weighted pointer hanging from the center of the protractor
- 15. Fluid (Bubble)Goniometer : Developed by Schenkar in 1956. It has a fluid-filled circular chamber containing an air bubble, and has a 360- degree scale motion.
- 16. Electrogoniometer Introduced byKarpovich and Karpovich in 1959. Used primarily for research purpose to obtain dynamic joint measurements. It has two arms, one is attached with the proximal segment and another with the distal segment of the joint which is to be measured. The potentiometer is connected with these two arms and change in position of joint shows angulations in potentiometer
- 17. Advantages Simple andnon-invasive Inexpensive Portable Widely accepted tool Easy to learn for beginners
- 18. Procedure The examinermust have the skill to perform the following for each joint and motion. • Position & stabilize correctly • Move a body part through appropriate ROM. • Determine end range of motion (end-feel). • Palpate the appropriate bony landmarks. • Align the measuring instrument with landmarks. • Read the measuring instrument. • Record measurements correctly.
- 19. Principles of Goniometer 1. POSITIONING: Positioning is an important part of goniometer. Testing positions refers to the selection of appropriate starting position for obtaining goniometric measurements. The series of testing positions are designed to; • Place the joint in a starting position of 0 degree. • Permit a complete ROM. • Provide stabilization of the proximal joint segment. Testing position involve a variety of positions such as supine, prone, sitting & standing. When an examiner has to test several joints & motion during one testing session, the goniometric examination should be planned to avoid moving the subjects unnecessarily. For e.g. if the subject is in prone all possible measurements in this position should be taken before the subject moved to another position.
- 20. 2. STABILISTION: The testing position helps to stabilize the subjects body & proximal joint segment so that the motion can be isolated to the joint being examined. Stabilization may be given manually by the examiner. The amount of manual stabilization applied by an examiner must be sufficient to keep the proximal joint segment fixed during movement of distal joint segment.
- 21. 3. ALIGNMENT: Goniometer alignment refers to the alignment of the arms of the goniometer with the proximal & distal segments of the joint being evaluated. Instead of depending on the soft tissue contour the examiner should use bony anatomical landmarks to more accurately visualize the joint segments. The fulcrum of the goniometer may be placed over the approximate location of the axis of the motion of the joint being measured.
- 22. 4. RECORDING: The following points are recommended to be included in the recording; • Subject’s name, age & gender. • Examiner’s name • Date & time of measurement. • Side of the body, joints & motion being measured. • ROM that is measured. • Type of motion being measured that is passive or active. • Any subjective information such as discomfort or pain that is reported by the subject during the testing.
- 23. Contraindication Joint dislocation Unhealed fracture Post surgery Severe pain aggravated by movement Infection or inflammation around a joint Open wound
- 24. Summary What isROM What is goniometry Why is goniometer important Types of goniometer Its advantages Principles of goniometer
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