The document provides an overview of globalization, including definitions, characteristics, historical periods, signs, and advantages and disadvantages. It defines globalization as the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures around the world. Key points include: - Globalization involves the spread of ideas, goods, and people worldwide, increasing interactions and integration between cultures, governments, and economies. - It has intensified social relations and accelerated the flows of ideas, goods, capital and people across international borders. - The document outlines five historical periods of increasing globalization from prehistoric times to the current contemporary era of accelerated globalization since 1970. - Signs of modern globalization include increased international trade

1. Ged 104: The
Contemporary
World
Sidney Dominic C. Bonite, LPT, MA
Lecturer II

2. Unit 1:
Introduction to
Globalization
Learning objectives:
•Synthesize the definitions of
globalizations by different authorities;
•Explain the different attributes or
characteristics of globalization;
•Trace the historical periods of
globalization;
•Identify the different dimensions of
globalization; and
•Expound the major ideological claims
of advocates of globalism.

3. What is Globalization?
It is the process in which people, ideas, and
goods, spread throughout the world, spurring
more interaction and integration between the
world’s cultures, governments, and economies.

4. What is Globalization?
It describes the changes in societies and the
world economy that are the result of
dramatically increased trade and cultural
exchange

5. What is
Globalization?
The spread of products,
technology, information,
and jobs across national
borders and cultures.
In economics,
Interdependence of nations
around the globe fostered
through free trade.

6. What is
Globalization? Globalization can thus be defined as the
intensification of worldwide social
relations which link distant localities in
such a way that local happenings are
shaped by events occurring many miles
away and vice versa.
- Anthony Giddens

7. What is Globalization?
Roland Robertston: new experience as
“global consciousness”.
Manuel Castells: a new epoch of “network
society” or “global informational society”.

8. What is Globalization?
Is an expansion and intensification of social relations
and consciousness across world time and world space.
It is about growing worldwide connectivity
- Manfred B. Steger

9. Globalization
can also
mean…
Formation of global
village
Economic
globalization (free
trade)

10. Characteristics of
Globalization

11. •It involves both the creation of
new social networks and the
multiplication of existing
connections that cut across
traditional, political, economic,
cultural, and geographical
boundaries.

12. It is reflected in the expansion
and the stretching of social
relations, activities, and
connections.

13. It involves the
intensification and
acceleration of
social exchanges
and activities

14. •It involves the subjective
plane of the human
consciousness.
•It involves the macro-global
community and the micro-
structures of global
personhood

16. Historical
Periods of
Globalization

17. 1. The
Prehistoric
Period
(10000
BCE-3500
BCE)
1. In this earliest phase of
globalization, contacts among
hunters and gatherers – who
were spread around the world
– were geographically limited.
In this period due to absence
of advanced forms of
technology, globalization was
severely limited.

18. 2. The Pre-modern Period (3500 BCE- 1500 CE)
- the invention of writing and the wheel were great social and technological
boosts that moved globalization to a new level. The invention of wheel in
addition to roads made the transportation of people and goods more
efficient.
- writing facilitated the spread of ideas and inventions
Silk roads – (1st century BC – 5th century AD, 13th – 14th
centuries AD)

19. 3. The Early
Modern
Period (Age of
Discovery)
(1500-1750)
- between the Enlightenment and the
Renaissance. In this period,
- European Enlightenment project tried
to achieve a universal form of morality
and law.
This with the emergence of European
metropolitan centers and unlimited
material accumulation which led to the
capitalist world system helped to
strengthen globalization (spice routes)

20. 4. The Modern
Period (1st
wave of
globalization)
(1750-1970)
Innovations in transportation
and communication
technology, population
explosion, and increase in
migration led to more cultural
exchanges and transformation
in traditional social patterns.
Process of industrialization
also accelerated.

21. 5. The
Contemporary
Period (new
wave of
globalization)
(from 1970 to
present)
The creation, expansion, and
acceleration of worldwide
interdependencies occurred in a
dramatic way and it was a kind of leap in
the history of globalization.
- US and China
- Cyberworld
- internet
- propaganda
- e-commerce
- Digital services

22. Signs of
Globalization
Increase in international trade at a faster rate than the growth in the
world economy
Increase in international flow of capital including foreign direct
investment
Greater transborder data flow, using such technologies such as the
Internet, communication satellites and telephones
Greater international cultural exchange, for example through the
export of international movies.
Some argue that even terrorism has undergone globalization.
Spreading of multiculturalism and better individual access to cultural
diversity, with on the other hand, some reduction in diversity
through assimilation, hybridization, Westernization, Americanization
of cultures.

23. Signs of Globalization
Greater international
travel and tourism
Greater immigration,
including illegal
immigration
Development of
global
telecommunications
infrastructure
Development of a
global financial
systems
Increase in the share
of the world economy
controlled by
multinational
corporations
Increased role of
international
organizations such as
WTO, WIPO, IMF that
deal with international
transactions
Increase in the
number of standards
applied globally;

25. Advantages of
Globalization
Peaceful relations with other countries focusing on
trade to boost one’s economy
Generation of numerous employment opportunities
Opportunities to study abroad or to learn new
curriculum
Enhancement of the quality of products
Cheaper prices
Easy access of information

26. Advantages of
Globalization
Various modes of transportation made available
Free trade y in which a country does not levy
taxes, duties, subsidies or quota on the
import/export of goods or services from other
countries.
Increased of the number of tourists visiting
different countries
Opportunity for corporate, national, and
subnational borrowers to access external finances

27. Disadvantages of Globalization
Health issues Loss of culture
Uneven wealth
distribution
Environment
degradation
Disparity Conflicts
Cut-throat
competition

28. What’s on my mind?
• 3 things I knew already…
• 3 things I learned today…
• 1 question that bothers me…