1. The document discusses the rise of modernism in art and literature in response to broader cultural shifts in the early 20th century.
2. It outlines some of the key influences on modernism like Freud's theories of the unconscious mind and new conceptions of time, and explores how these influenced experimentation with form and style in modernist works.
3. Modernist works are characterized by fragmentation, subjectivity, and a rejection of traditional structures in favor of new techniques like stream of consciousness to represent inner mental processes. Picasso's Cubist works like Weeping Woman exemplify these modernist qualities.
The document summarizes developments in the early 20th century. It discusses how World War I transformed the world and led to advances in science, communication, and psychology. Reform efforts protected workers' rights and introduced pensions and an 8-hour workday. Women began advocating for voting rights. New ideas from Freud, Einstein, Bergson, and James challenged previous conceptions of the human mind, time, and reality. Literature evolved to reflect these new perspectives through techniques like stream of consciousness. Overall, the early 20th century was a time of rapid change, uncertainty, and anxiety as old values were questioned.
This document provides information on various modernist literary movements and authors from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses Estetismo, Decadentismo, and Aestheticism in Europe. It then summarizes key details on Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and their major works The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dubliners, Mrs. Dalloway. It also discusses the influences of Freud, Bergson, and William James on the development of stream-of-consciousness techniques in modernist novels.
Modernism was an artistic movement that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a reaction against traditional forms of art and literature. The movement reflected broader societal transformations brought about by industrialization, urbanization, new technologies, and World Wars. Modernist artists and writers sought to depart from traditional forms they viewed as outdated in order to develop new forms that captured the modern experience. Some key influences on Modernism included theories of relativity, psychoanalysis, and Darwin's theory of evolution, which challenged long-held beliefs. Modernism had a significant impact on fields like painting, music, dance, philosophy, psychology, architecture, science, sculpture, and literature.
1. The document provides an overview of modernism, discussing its precursors in the late 19th century as well as cultural influences like World War I that helped shape modernism.
2. It contrasts characteristics of the pre-modern and modern worlds, noting how the modern world was seen as chaotic, futile, pessimistic, and unstable with a loss of faith and morality.
3. Key modernist literary movements like impressionism, expressionism, surrealism, and absurdism are defined in contrast to literary realism, with modernists emphasizing individual perception and the inner life over external realities.
The document discusses developments in science, philosophy, and art in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that contributed to a more pessimistic worldview. Key developments included Darwin's theory of evolution challenging religious beliefs, Freud's theory that human behavior is driven by unconscious desires, and Einstein's theory of relativity overturning Newtonian concepts of space and time. In art, impressionism, post-impressionism, and cubism developed new styles focused on subjective experience over objective reality.
Modernism was an artistic and literary movement between 1900-1945 that embraced experimental styles and forms that challenged tradition. Modernist writers and artists sought to depict subjective experience, psychological realism, and disjointed narratives influenced by new theories of science, psychology, and philosophy. Some key characteristics of Modernist literature include nonlinear narratives, stream-of-consciousness writing, intertextuality, and themes of individual alienation, social change, and urban living.
The document discusses the emergence of Institutional Critique and Feminist Art in the early 1970s. It describes Hans Haacke's work "Manhattan Real Estate Holdings" from 1971, which critically examined the real estate holdings of wealthy individuals. This work led to Haacke's retrospective being cancelled at the Guggenheim. The document also outlines how Feminist artists like Judy Chicago and Louise Bourgeois began using the female body and sexuality as themes to critique the male gaze and biases within the modernist canon. It traces the development of Feminist Art and its goal of making "the personal political."
Week 4 Postmodernism in Art: An Introduction: New Voices: postmodernism’s foc...DeborahJ
Postmodernism focuses on representing marginalized groups and questioning historical narratives and concepts of originality. It challenges binary oppositions and the idea of a neutral representation. Postmodernists argue that representation is an act of power that often excludes or misrepresents women, minorities, and other groups. Artists associated with postmodernism and feminism, such as Cindy Sherman and Barbara Kruger, examine how media and culture construct identities and influence how people see themselves and others.
The document summarizes developments in the early 20th century. It discusses how World War I transformed the world and led to advances in science, communication, and psychology. Reform efforts protected workers' rights and introduced pensions and an 8-hour workday. Women began advocating for voting rights. New ideas from Freud, Einstein, Bergson, and James challenged previous conceptions of the human mind, time, and reality. Literature evolved to reflect these new perspectives through techniques like stream of consciousness. Overall, the early 20th century was a time of rapid change, uncertainty, and anxiety as old values were questioned.
This document provides information on various modernist literary movements and authors from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses Estetismo, Decadentismo, and Aestheticism in Europe. It then summarizes key details on Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and their major works The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dubliners, Mrs. Dalloway. It also discusses the influences of Freud, Bergson, and William James on the development of stream-of-consciousness techniques in modernist novels.
Modernism was an artistic movement that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a reaction against traditional forms of art and literature. The movement reflected broader societal transformations brought about by industrialization, urbanization, new technologies, and World Wars. Modernist artists and writers sought to depart from traditional forms they viewed as outdated in order to develop new forms that captured the modern experience. Some key influences on Modernism included theories of relativity, psychoanalysis, and Darwin's theory of evolution, which challenged long-held beliefs. Modernism had a significant impact on fields like painting, music, dance, philosophy, psychology, architecture, science, sculpture, and literature.
1. The document provides an overview of modernism, discussing its precursors in the late 19th century as well as cultural influences like World War I that helped shape modernism.
2. It contrasts characteristics of the pre-modern and modern worlds, noting how the modern world was seen as chaotic, futile, pessimistic, and unstable with a loss of faith and morality.
3. Key modernist literary movements like impressionism, expressionism, surrealism, and absurdism are defined in contrast to literary realism, with modernists emphasizing individual perception and the inner life over external realities.
The document discusses developments in science, philosophy, and art in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that contributed to a more pessimistic worldview. Key developments included Darwin's theory of evolution challenging religious beliefs, Freud's theory that human behavior is driven by unconscious desires, and Einstein's theory of relativity overturning Newtonian concepts of space and time. In art, impressionism, post-impressionism, and cubism developed new styles focused on subjective experience over objective reality.
Modernism was an artistic and literary movement between 1900-1945 that embraced experimental styles and forms that challenged tradition. Modernist writers and artists sought to depict subjective experience, psychological realism, and disjointed narratives influenced by new theories of science, psychology, and philosophy. Some key characteristics of Modernist literature include nonlinear narratives, stream-of-consciousness writing, intertextuality, and themes of individual alienation, social change, and urban living.
The document discusses the emergence of Institutional Critique and Feminist Art in the early 1970s. It describes Hans Haacke's work "Manhattan Real Estate Holdings" from 1971, which critically examined the real estate holdings of wealthy individuals. This work led to Haacke's retrospective being cancelled at the Guggenheim. The document also outlines how Feminist artists like Judy Chicago and Louise Bourgeois began using the female body and sexuality as themes to critique the male gaze and biases within the modernist canon. It traces the development of Feminist Art and its goal of making "the personal political."
Week 4 Postmodernism in Art: An Introduction: New Voices: postmodernism’s foc...DeborahJ
Postmodernism focuses on representing marginalized groups and questioning historical narratives and concepts of originality. It challenges binary oppositions and the idea of a neutral representation. Postmodernists argue that representation is an act of power that often excludes or misrepresents women, minorities, and other groups. Artists associated with postmodernism and feminism, such as Cindy Sherman and Barbara Kruger, examine how media and culture construct identities and influence how people see themselves and others.
The Modern Movement occurred between 1915-1950, during the post-WWI and WWII eras. Modernism rejected 19th century optimism and presented a pessimistic view of culture in disarray. World War I influenced Modernism by changing views of heroism and ideals. The Industrial Revolution brought new concepts like pollution. Modern literature used techniques like stream of consciousness and symbolism to capture fragmented society and inner thoughts. Modern art became more conceptual than realistic.
This document provides an overview of several major literary movements from 1900-2000, including Modernism, Stream of Consciousness, Expressionism, Surrealism, Symbolism, Futurism, and Dadaism. It summarizes the origins, key ideas, and major figures of each movement. The document was prepared by Khushbu Lakhupota for a history of English literature course at MKBU and includes citations for additional references.
The document provides information about biographies for children, including definitions, purposes, history, and types. It defines a biography as narrating the real life of an individual who has made an impact. Biographies help children learn from others' lives and make connections to history. The genre has evolved from idealized historical figures to more realistic portrayals of people's lives, vulnerabilities, and the contexts of their times. Modern biographies represent diverse cultures and occupations.
The document discusses several major art movements throughout history including Renaissance, Neoclassicism, Realism, Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism. It provides the key time periods and defining characteristics of each movement. The Renaissance emphasized natural depictions of the human form and raised the status of artists. Impressionism focused on painting light rather than subjects. Abstract Expressionism made the physical act of painting as important as the final product.
1. The document outlines four major literary movements: Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Naturalism.
2. It provides a brief overview of the historical context and origins of each movement, from Neoclassicism originating in 1660 to Naturalism emerging in the late 19th century.
3. The characteristics of each movement are summarized, such as Neoclassicism emphasizing order and restraint while Romanticism celebrated imagination and emotion.
Modernism was an international literary and cultural movement in the early 20th century marked by experimentation with form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. It arose amidst significant historical events like World Wars and social changes like women gaining the right to vote. Major influences included Einstein's theory of relativity and Freud's work in psychology. Themes in modern literature explored disillusionment, violence, and the breakdown of social norms. Characteristics included open and experimental forms, discontinuity, and intertextuality. Major modernist writers included Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and D.H. Lawrence.
The document provides an overview of how various artists, writers, philosophers, and intellectuals responded to and were influenced by World War I and the loss of meaning and certainty it created. It discusses how modernist art forms like Cubism, Surrealism, and abstract expressionism developed to capture disjointed and psychological perceptions of reality. Writers like Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Eliot incorporated disillusionment and hopelessness into their works. Philosophies like Existentialism emerged to address the lack of universal meaning and importance of individual choice and responsibility. Music incorporated new rhythms and styles to express post-war uncertainty. Freud and Einstein significantly changed perceptions of the human mind and physical world.
This document summarizes several major modernist literary movements in 3 paragraphs. It introduces modernism as a cultural movement in the early 20th century marked by experimentation in form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. It then discusses several specific modernist movements like stream of consciousness, dadaism, imagism, surrealism, expressionism, cubism, and realism. For each movement it provides a brief definition and examples of prominent modernist authors associated with that style. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
Surrealism was an artistic movement that brought together artists interested in expressing unconscious thoughts and dreams. It was led by Andre Breton and drew inspiration from Freudian psychoanalysis. There were two main trends - the Automatists who focused on free expression through abstraction, and the Veristic Surrealists who sought to represent unconscious images realistically. Notable Surrealist artists included Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Rene Magritte, and Max Ernst, each with their own unique styles exploring the surreal, paradoxical nature of dreams.
The document discusses key aspects of modernist literature including its vast scope in subjects, forms, themes and topics. Modernism emerged in response to chaotic societal conditions during World War I and II and a period of significant scientific and technological development. Modernist writers were interested in deeper realities and revolutionized traditions from the Victorian era. Some defining literary tendencies of modernism included humanitarianism, realism, pessimism, religion/mysticism, and psychological treatments. The document also outlines some defining literary techniques of modernism like symbolism, theatre of the absurd, stream of consciousness, and existentialism.
Modernism refers to the bold new experimental styles in art during the early 20th century that challenged traditional values like the American Dream. Events like World War I and the Great Depression caused disillusionment with traditions. Modernist writers experimented with new literary forms like stream of consciousness and introduced flawed, disillusioned heroes while questioning social structures, yet they still retained some ideals of self-reliance and envisioned America as Eden-like.
The document summarizes some key characteristics of the modern age. It began with a sense of disillusionment with Victorian attitudes of certainty, conservatism, and objective truth. Modernism questioned established beliefs and nothing was considered fixed or final. Some defining events included the rise of feminism, new nations emerging, technological advancements, and both World Wars. Modernist thought focused on renewal in art and challenged ideas that man was primarily spiritual or that industrial problems threatened European peace. Literature of this time also reflected new psychological theories, a focus on social problems over individual perfection, and the internationalization of issues beyond just England.
This document provides an overview of how artists have depicted and explored concepts of the body, gender, and identity. It discusses how notions of beauty have varied across cultures and eras. Artists like Cindy Sherman, Andy Warhol, and Richard Prince examined how gender and male identities are socially constructed. The document also explores how some artists have challenged assumptions through techniques like cross-dressing and assuming different personae. Overall, the document examines the complex relationships between biology, gender, and constructed identities as portrayed in art over time.
The scene inside abstract expressionism & jackson pollockProfWillAdams
The document discusses Abstract Expressionism and its key figures like Jackson Pollock. It summarizes the movement's origins and influences, which included European modern art styles, surrealism, psychoanalysis, and American and Mexican artists. Abstract Expressionism focused on non-representational, emotional expression through techniques like action painting and color field painting. Key influences included surrealist automatism, Hans Hofmann's teachings, and existentialist philosophy.
The postwar period brought major changes and uncertainties as new ideas emerged in science, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. Albert Einstein introduced his theory of relativity, which disrupted traditional views of space and time. Sigmund Freud developed new theories of the unconscious mind. Writers like Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Eliot captured the disillusionment of the "Lost Generation" after World War I. In the arts, Cubism, Dadaism, and Surrealism rebelled against tradition in their depictions of the inner mind. Women gained new freedoms through fashion, careers, and the right to vote. Technologies like cars, airplanes, radio, and movies transformed society and entertainment.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
The Modern Movement occurred between 1915-1950, during the post-WWI and WWII eras. Modernism rejected 19th century optimism and presented a pessimistic view of culture in disarray. World War I influenced Modernism by changing views of heroism and ideals. The Industrial Revolution brought new concepts like pollution. Modern literature used techniques like stream of consciousness and symbolism to capture fragmented society and inner thoughts. Modern art became more conceptual than realistic.
This document provides an overview of several major literary movements from 1900-2000, including Modernism, Stream of Consciousness, Expressionism, Surrealism, Symbolism, Futurism, and Dadaism. It summarizes the origins, key ideas, and major figures of each movement. The document was prepared by Khushbu Lakhupota for a history of English literature course at MKBU and includes citations for additional references.
The document provides information about biographies for children, including definitions, purposes, history, and types. It defines a biography as narrating the real life of an individual who has made an impact. Biographies help children learn from others' lives and make connections to history. The genre has evolved from idealized historical figures to more realistic portrayals of people's lives, vulnerabilities, and the contexts of their times. Modern biographies represent diverse cultures and occupations.
The document discusses several major art movements throughout history including Renaissance, Neoclassicism, Realism, Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism. It provides the key time periods and defining characteristics of each movement. The Renaissance emphasized natural depictions of the human form and raised the status of artists. Impressionism focused on painting light rather than subjects. Abstract Expressionism made the physical act of painting as important as the final product.
1. The document outlines four major literary movements: Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Naturalism.
2. It provides a brief overview of the historical context and origins of each movement, from Neoclassicism originating in 1660 to Naturalism emerging in the late 19th century.
3. The characteristics of each movement are summarized, such as Neoclassicism emphasizing order and restraint while Romanticism celebrated imagination and emotion.
Modernism was an international literary and cultural movement in the early 20th century marked by experimentation with form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. It arose amidst significant historical events like World Wars and social changes like women gaining the right to vote. Major influences included Einstein's theory of relativity and Freud's work in psychology. Themes in modern literature explored disillusionment, violence, and the breakdown of social norms. Characteristics included open and experimental forms, discontinuity, and intertextuality. Major modernist writers included Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and D.H. Lawrence.
The document provides an overview of how various artists, writers, philosophers, and intellectuals responded to and were influenced by World War I and the loss of meaning and certainty it created. It discusses how modernist art forms like Cubism, Surrealism, and abstract expressionism developed to capture disjointed and psychological perceptions of reality. Writers like Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Eliot incorporated disillusionment and hopelessness into their works. Philosophies like Existentialism emerged to address the lack of universal meaning and importance of individual choice and responsibility. Music incorporated new rhythms and styles to express post-war uncertainty. Freud and Einstein significantly changed perceptions of the human mind and physical world.
This document summarizes several major modernist literary movements in 3 paragraphs. It introduces modernism as a cultural movement in the early 20th century marked by experimentation in form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. It then discusses several specific modernist movements like stream of consciousness, dadaism, imagism, surrealism, expressionism, cubism, and realism. For each movement it provides a brief definition and examples of prominent modernist authors associated with that style. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
Surrealism was an artistic movement that brought together artists interested in expressing unconscious thoughts and dreams. It was led by Andre Breton and drew inspiration from Freudian psychoanalysis. There were two main trends - the Automatists who focused on free expression through abstraction, and the Veristic Surrealists who sought to represent unconscious images realistically. Notable Surrealist artists included Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Rene Magritte, and Max Ernst, each with their own unique styles exploring the surreal, paradoxical nature of dreams.
The document discusses key aspects of modernist literature including its vast scope in subjects, forms, themes and topics. Modernism emerged in response to chaotic societal conditions during World War I and II and a period of significant scientific and technological development. Modernist writers were interested in deeper realities and revolutionized traditions from the Victorian era. Some defining literary tendencies of modernism included humanitarianism, realism, pessimism, religion/mysticism, and psychological treatments. The document also outlines some defining literary techniques of modernism like symbolism, theatre of the absurd, stream of consciousness, and existentialism.
Modernism refers to the bold new experimental styles in art during the early 20th century that challenged traditional values like the American Dream. Events like World War I and the Great Depression caused disillusionment with traditions. Modernist writers experimented with new literary forms like stream of consciousness and introduced flawed, disillusioned heroes while questioning social structures, yet they still retained some ideals of self-reliance and envisioned America as Eden-like.
The document summarizes some key characteristics of the modern age. It began with a sense of disillusionment with Victorian attitudes of certainty, conservatism, and objective truth. Modernism questioned established beliefs and nothing was considered fixed or final. Some defining events included the rise of feminism, new nations emerging, technological advancements, and both World Wars. Modernist thought focused on renewal in art and challenged ideas that man was primarily spiritual or that industrial problems threatened European peace. Literature of this time also reflected new psychological theories, a focus on social problems over individual perfection, and the internationalization of issues beyond just England.
This document provides an overview of how artists have depicted and explored concepts of the body, gender, and identity. It discusses how notions of beauty have varied across cultures and eras. Artists like Cindy Sherman, Andy Warhol, and Richard Prince examined how gender and male identities are socially constructed. The document also explores how some artists have challenged assumptions through techniques like cross-dressing and assuming different personae. Overall, the document examines the complex relationships between biology, gender, and constructed identities as portrayed in art over time.
The scene inside abstract expressionism & jackson pollockProfWillAdams
The document discusses Abstract Expressionism and its key figures like Jackson Pollock. It summarizes the movement's origins and influences, which included European modern art styles, surrealism, psychoanalysis, and American and Mexican artists. Abstract Expressionism focused on non-representational, emotional expression through techniques like action painting and color field painting. Key influences included surrealist automatism, Hans Hofmann's teachings, and existentialist philosophy.
The postwar period brought major changes and uncertainties as new ideas emerged in science, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. Albert Einstein introduced his theory of relativity, which disrupted traditional views of space and time. Sigmund Freud developed new theories of the unconscious mind. Writers like Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Eliot captured the disillusionment of the "Lost Generation" after World War I. In the arts, Cubism, Dadaism, and Surrealism rebelled against tradition in their depictions of the inner mind. Women gained new freedoms through fashion, careers, and the right to vote. Technologies like cars, airplanes, radio, and movies transformed society and entertainment.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
2. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
1. A cultural crisis
• The system of Victorian values collapsed: the First World War left
the country in a disillusioned and cynical mood, with a lack of
certainties. there was a new interest in the interior world of the
individual.
• Stability and prosperity belonged only to the privileged class.
• The gap between the younger and older generation grew wider
and wider.
• Even science and religion offered little comfort to the sense of
emptiness (Einstein’s theory of relativity). The new theories about
time and the unconscious radically changed the vision of man
and the universe.
Modernism
3. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
2. Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis
Freud created a structural model of the psyche where he identified
three parts:
Modernism
ID EGO
SUPER-
EGO
The set of
instinctual
impulses lacking
organisation
The coordinated
realistic part
Has a critical and
moralising role since it
includes the constraints
imposed on the
individual by society,
education and moral laws
4. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
3. Effects of Freud’s theory
The effects of Freud’s theories were deep:
• the development of the human mind appeared to be
deeply affected by the subconscious, which meant
that man’s actions could be motivated by irrational
forces.
• the relationship between parents and children and
between the sexes was reconsidered.
• his method of investigation of the human mind
through the analysis of dreams and the concept of
‘free association’ influenced the modern writers.
Modernism
Freud painted by Andy Warhol (1980).
5. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
4. A new concept of time
Modernism
A new idea of ‘time’ was expressed by the American philosopher
William James (1842-1910) and the French philosopher Henri
Bergson (1859-1941).
Time isn’t considered
as a sequence of
moments but as a
continuous flow from
the past to the present
and future (stream of
consciousness)
distinction
between
historical time
and
psychological
time
William James.
Henri Bergson.
6. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
4. Historical vs psychological time
Modernism
Historical time Psychological time
• External
• Linear
• Measured by the clock
• Internal
• Subjective
• Measured by the emotional
intensity of a moment
7. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
5. Modernism
Modernism
The new concept of time and the new theory of the unconscious
contributed to the development of modernism: a powerful international
movement which flourished in the 1920s and 30s in Europe and it
involved all forms of art (literature, music, visual arts, cinema).
Modernism gave shape to the
modern consciousness
and expressed the desire to
break with established forms
and subjects
George Braque, Houses at L’Estaque, 1908.
Museum of Fine Arts Berne.
8. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
5. Modernism
• The term Modernism refers to the different ways of representing
the Modern World.
COMMON FEATURES
• Experimentation: intentional distortion of shapes; traditional
forms of narration and represention are rejected: artists want to
experiment new forms and styles and want to express the
workings of the mind and of the unconscious.
• Fragmentation: reality seen simultaneously from different
points of view, breaking down of limitations in space and
time.
• Subjectivity: subjective perception of reality. There isn't only
one truth.
Modernism
9. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
6. traditional novel vs modernist novel
• readers and writers shared the
same values
• omniscient narrator
•Linear plot; events are narrated in
chronological order.
•With the loss of values the
novelist is in a position of moral
and psychological uncertainty
• the reader is put directly into the
characters’ minds, following their
flow of thoughts, giving more
importance to the subjective
consciousness.
• Absence of a well-structured
plot: events don’t follow a
chronological order. Only one day,
or a significant moment can tell us
more about a character than the
narration of his whole life.
10. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
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6. New techniques of the modernist novel:
New narrative techniques were experimented, because it was
impossible to reproduce the complexity of the human mind using
traditional techniques.
• Use of the interior monologue (verbal expression of the stream-of-
consciousness).
• use of allusive language and the development of the multiple
association of words.
• importance given to the ‘sound’ of words as conveying ‘the music
of ideas’.
• intensity of the isolated ‘moment’ or ‘image’ to provide a true insight
into the nature of things (the “epiphanies” of Joyce or the “moments of
being” of Virginia Woolf).
11. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
6. The interior monologue
Writers, like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, adopted the interior
monologue to represent the unspoken activity of the mind.
INTERIOR MONOLOGUE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
the verbal
expression of a
psychic
phenomenon
the psychic
phenomenon
itself
12. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
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6. The main features
of the interior monologue
• Absence of introductory expressions like ‘he thought, he
remembered, he said’, and absence of the rules of punctuation
• The presence of two levels of narration: one external to the
character’s mind, the other internal
• The lack of chronological order
• Use of subjective time
• The lack of formal logical order
13. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
Compact Performer - Culture & Literature
7. Picasso and Cubism
Weeping Woman, 1937 by Pablo Picasso
Penrose Collection, London.
Picasso was born in Malaga
in 1881. He then went to Paris
where he came to know the
work of Neo-Impressionists,
which inspired the works of
the “Blue period”. Later, he
started the “rose period”,
characterized by pinks and
reds. After that, he began to
develop the Cubist style. He
came to know all the various
art movements of the period:
Expressionism, Cubism an
Surrealism: he was influenced
by them and he himself
influenced the different
currents of art.
14. A progressive era: the USA in 1865-1901
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7. Weeping Woman
Description: the painting represents the face of a crying woman, and it
expresses her inconsolable pain. She is seen from different perspectives at
the same time. The central area of the mouth and the eyes are painted in blue
and white and they look like a broken mirror. The mouth appears through the
hands that are covering it, as if it was impossible to hide the woman’s pain.
She’s wearing an elegant red hat, probably a sign of a happier life in the past.
She’s a symbol of the infinite human suffering caused by the war.
In this work of art we can find:
Experimentation: Picasso deliberately avoided traditional ways of
representation and created new techniques and styles.
Fragmentation: Picasso fragmented the image into abstract geometric
forms. The woman’s face is seen simultaneously from different points of view
(with different moods and atmospheres). The notion of chronological time
collapses (the woman is seen at different times).
Subjectivity: with his paintings Picasso questioned the idea that there is a
true nature of the subject. It makes us aware of different layers of reality, and
shows how perception is always partial and subjective. A mental or
psychological vision of reality emerges from this composition.