Globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on third world countries like India. It opened up new opportunities but also increased inequality between nations and affected markets and the environment. While globalization improved India's agriculture sector and helped reduce poverty and ensure food security, it also led to declining growth rates in agriculture GDP. Globalization modernized India's industries through foreign investment but also increased unemployment as Indian goods faced more competition. It influenced India's culture through the spread of Western food, clothing, language and entertainment, but also threatened local restaurants and establishments. In education, globalization improved access to technology and knowledge but India still struggles with outdated technology and infrastructure issues.

1. Globalisation and its Impact on “Third World” Countries
like India.
Introduction
The world has witnessed a huge change after the Second World War. Not only there was
inventions and initiatives in the field of international political collaborations but also global
economic dealings in both private and public sectors, and along with uncountable types of
international networks that happens in the distribution of human and natural resources. These
advances provided more weight to the portrayal of the world as a global village.Globalisation
being the fresh buzzword has been ruling the world since the nineties when the cold war and
fragmentation of the Soviet Union. After which faith took rebirth in the private capital and
resources and that’s when World Bank and other international organisations came in scene.
Globalisation gave rise to new prospects in developing countries but also threw different
challenges like inequality among nations and also affected the financial market and environment.
Globalisation is not a new or sudden occurrence but it is like a secular chronological progression
which has been run by human civilization. Hence it came in to form a world system in three
waves. The first wave happened to be the age of discovery (1450-1850) where globalization was
authoritatively moulded by the growing Europeans invasions and their power. Then, the second
wave (1850-1945) arrived which witnessed a major growth of extension of the European empire.
Lastly the contemporary globalisation (1960 onwards) made a new mark where the world got
globalized economically, politically and culturally.
What is Globalisation?
Though we don’t have a proper definition of Globalisation, differentpeople came up with
different definitions:
Ø “Globalisation is the reduction of transaction cost of trans-border movements of capital
and goods thus of factors of production and goods.”– (Stephen Gill)
Ø “The process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development
of advanced means of communication, internationalisation of financial markets, growing
importance of MNC's, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of
persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases and pollution.” (Guy
Brainbant)
Ø “Globalisation is about an increasingly connected and interdependent world, it is all
about international trade, investment and finances that have been growing faster than
national incomes.” (World Bank)
Ø Globalization refers to an extension beyond national boundaries of age-old market
forces. It refers sometimes to the mobilization of people (Labour) and knowledge
(Technology) across international borders and besides, it has a broader reference to
cultural, environmental and political activities with worldwide dimensions. (Henry
Ekwuruke, 2005)

2. Globalisation can be seen in four theoretical perspectives:
1. Realism: Realists think that globalisation does not change the important characteristics
of the world politics, i.e., the territorial dissection of the world into nation-states but the
raised intersection of economies and societies may be their reason of interdependence. In
the states-system where sovereignty is maintained globalization will not outdo the
international political system of the states but will just alter the lives of the people
socially, economically and culturally.
2. Liberalism: It is viewed as the finishing product of a long-running facelift of the
political world. Liberals are concerned with the make-over of technology and
communication in the scenario of globalization. Thus this forms a good cobweb of
relations with more interlinks between societies on the grounds of technology and
economy.
3. Marxism: Globalisation is at its latest in context of the Marxist theory which portrays
the advancement of international capitalism. Here there is neither attributive
modification in world politics nor anything that affect our prevailing theories or notions.
4. Constructivism: Here globalization behaves as an external force affecting the state as a
result of which the challenging qualities of the leaders are undervalued. Constructivists
believe that the external force doesn’t face a world that is fixed and so they bring
changes. According to them globalization can be revived in several ways by inducing
cross-national social movements with advanced communication facilities.
Globalisation in the Third World scenario
First world’ countries refers to developed countries like U.S.A and its other communist allies
which are said to be democratic, capitalist and industrialized while the ones supporting
communism and allied with U.S.S.R are called Second world countries. Then we have the ‘Third
World’ countries which are usually referred to as developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin
America. The industrialization in these in these countries, the education and respect for human
rights trade are way backward than the first world countries. These countries suffer from social,
health and economic problems and the total per capita output of the countries is very low.
India being one of the third world countries turned into a global economy when globalization
came into the picture. Globalization had impact on various sectors of the Indian economy, be it
financial, health, agriculture, technology, etc. The impacts happened to be both positive and
negative.
“Globalization, economically speaking, entails the integration of world trade and financial
markets; but given that developing countries are not really catching up with the advanced
economies, the impact of globalization on the Third World Countries, leaves much to be
desired.” (Henry Ekwuruke, 2005)
Impact of Globalisation on Agriculture of India
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy. India adopted liberalization in the year 1991.
During an economic crisis India took the help of IMF through a ‘structural adjustment’ loan

3. which introduced various reforms. Slowly the control of the government in the market became
less constricted which introduced liberalization in the agriculture sector. Thus in this way the
public sectors of India were also privatized. After privatization, globalisation did not wait for too
long when free trade came in the picture that is import and export barriers wereeased. In a latest
research study (N. Prasanna Kumar, 2013), listed out that globalization helped the Indian
agricultural sectorin improving the lifestyle of the people, assuaging poverty, promising food
security, producinga flexible market for expanding the industry and facilities and contributing
markedly for the economic growth of the country. In another latest research study done by Dr.
K. Somasekhar(2013) it is indicated that India’s position has elevated from 8th
in 1991 to 4th
in
2001 in the global economy. “The growth in agriculture GDP which stood at 4.7 per cent annum
during the 8th
Plan (1992-97) progressively declined to 2.1 per cent per annum during 7th
Plan
(1997-02) and 1.8 per cent annum during 10th
Plan (2002-07).” (Dr. K Somasekhar, 2013)
Impact of globalisation on Industrial Sector of India
In 1990s the government permitted foreign investment globalisation came in the picture of
several industrial sectors like steel, petroleum, BPO, pharmaceutical, etc. Hence India broke the
barriers which hindered trade, corporate investments, financial flow, etc. The huge amounts of
foreign investments incorporated in India elevated the standard of the Indian industries it made
the facilities technologically advanced and modern. The fast growing technology in India gave
rise to fast growing industries. But on the other hand it also led to negative impacts like when
foreign goods market started competing with the Indian goods market. When people preferred
foreign goods more than Indian ones, the Indian industry companies couldn’t produce enough
profits and even suffered loss to some extent. Thus this gave rise to unemployment in India and
eventually poverty.
Coming to technologies we can say that there has been increasing access to television and
internet in urban areas and things are also improving in urban areas. The growth of Software and
telecommunication in industries has also played a huge role in the industrial sector. Then we also
have the entertainment Industry where we have TV channels from different parts of the world.
Also Bollywood movies are seen global wide and reputed industries like Walt Disney are also
investing on this sector.
India is trying to change from an agriculture based industry to and industrial based economy
because industries happened to be the backbone of many countries. As stated in the recent
study (jimmynarangs, 2010), that even the process of globalization India has helped a lot but still
India suffers from various problems like - “ Use of primitive technology or under utilization of
technology”, “Poor infrastructure”, “Over staffed operations”, and “Expensive financing and
bureaucracy”
Impact of Globalisation on Culture in India
Globalisation has shown cultural impact on India since a long time, especially during the British
Rule. The upcoming of anglicized Indians during the British rule has shown the lifestyle in the
lives of the Indians. Yes, we definitely had the ‘Swadeshi’and the ‘Boycott’ movement but still
Indians were pretty much influenced by the Western culture; be it food, clothing, tradition,

4. language, etc. English today became a global language and western clothes are accepted by all.
Coming to food, we can say that those western dishes like pasta, pizza, burgers have enlightened
the taste-buds globally. This gave rise to foreign restaurants like KFC, Pizza Hut, Dominos, etc.
Thus in one way it is providing us with our favourite dishes but then Indian restaurant and other
establishments are being shadowed by the West. Even dance, music, films and many other
sources of entertainment have been globalized.
Impact of Globalisation on Education in India
The growth of globalisation in the economy has opened the opportunities for countries to go for
better education and be globally educated. Globalisation made education flexible by giving rise to
the ideas like E-learning, distance education, etc. Even Universities are going for tie-ups
internationally through scholarships, exchange programs, internship trainings, etc. But to be very
clear the advantages of globalization works in countries with good human capital and is a failure
where there is no human capital.
In a discussion article(Mahesh Chandra Joshi, CiteHR), it is said that India came up with
economic reform packages in 1991which “imposed a heavy compression on the public budgets
on education sector, more specifically so on higher education” and “trickled down to public
expenditure on education in general, and higher education in particular.” Higher education can
give India not only “specialized human capital” but also enlightens India with more
knowledgeable facts during international discussions.
“Though the enrolment has been increasing in absolute terms, only 7 per cent of the population
in the age group 17 to 24 attended higher educational institutions in India, as against 92 per cent
of the eligible age-group population attending higher educational institutions in USA, 52 per cent
in UK and 45 per cent in Japan” (Mahesh Chandra Joshi, CiteHR).
Is India the Victim of Globalization?
In the case of Agriculture we have seen that majority of the Indians are depended on agriculture
for livelihood, but in the recent years the low capita income of the farmers have gone low
because the employment in the agriculture sector decreased due to globalization. As a result the
GDP lowered from 22%-20% because of the increasing industrial globalization. Secondly import
of food also caused problems in the agricultural sector which led to the growth in the number of
rural landless population.
In a research study (N. Prasanna Kumar, 2013) the author indicated, “Replying to the Short
Duration Discussion on Import of Wheat and Agrarian Distress on May 18, 2006, Agriculture
Minister Sharad Pawar informed the Rajya Sabha that roughly 1, 00,000 farmers committed
suicide during the period 1993-2003 mainly due to indebtedness. In his interview to The Indian
Express on November 15, 2005, Sharad Pawar said: The farming community has been ignored in
this country and especially so over the last eight to ten years. The total investment in the
agriculture sector is going down. In the last few years, the average budgetary provision from the
Indian Government for irrigation is less than 0.35 percent.”

5. Poverty and employment are the most disastrous faces of globalisation. Even the traditional
goods losing their importance are also leading to huge unemployment. The worker working in
indigenous firms have lost their jobs because of imported goods and definitely the high-level
technology adapted from the foreign countries. Along with these problems globalisation also
gave rise to the suicide of culture where Indian has been influenced so much by the west that our
old traditions and cultures are dying. We are so much influenced by the West and even in matters
of lifestyle. The globalized fashion brands and the entertainment sectors have changed the
tradition which we had followed long time ago. Low job opportunities in ‘Third World’ countries
like India have lead to migration to other countries. “Regarding, the movement of people from
the poorer zones to the richer zones, it is noted that there is an increase in the number of
workers who migrate to the developed countries in search of better paying job opportunities, and
many in the Third World would blame the poor home economic situation on adverse effects of
globalization.”(Henry Ekwuruke, 2005)
Other cases in which India became victims of globalization are:
• the spread of contagious disease
• Multinational Corporation ruling globally
• Can lead to colonization in weak developing countries
• Countries are depended on technology entirely which leads to brain drain and less effort
to go for something innovative.
Conclusion
Globalisation has shown us its dark sides as well as its bright sides. India being a third world
country gained a lot through globalisation and along with that it also suffered to some extent.
Globalization is not constant and it keeps changing with time and so it become a bit difficult for
all third world countries to cope with globalisation. Private capital, resources, international
organizations, etc play a significant role in the advancement of developing countries like India.
The adaption of the LPG model, i.e., Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation led to huge
economic change in India. India ranks in the second place in global FDI ( Foreign Direct
Investment) and is in fourth position in the growth of market capital.
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