Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness between people, nations, and cultures through technological advancement. Some sociologists see globalization as a result of capitalism seeking growth and expansion over centuries. According to sociologist T. Evans, globalization is the "space-time compression" that brings together economies and cultures. India has experienced both benefits and challenges from globalization since the 1990s. Positives include access to new technologies, cultural exchange boosting tourism, and GDP growth making India a top 5 economy. However, agriculture has not improved as much as services, foreign companies exploit land and resources, and trade deficits widen inequality between developed and developing nations. Western nations have dominated the global economy, military,

1. Globalization
By-A Ashwin Krishna Sarma

2. Content
• Introduction
• Globalization according to sociologists.
• Effect on India’s economy since 1990’s.
• Western hegemony
• Effect on universal values
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness between
people, nations, and cultures as a result of technological
advancement. The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th
century, got its popularity since the end of cold war .
• Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and
integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects.
However, globaliasaton affects a territory on the grounds of culture ,
economy , politics.

4. Globalisation according to sociologists
• Some sociologists, like William I. Robinson, frame globalization as a
process that began with the creation of the capitalist economy, which
formed connections between distant regions of the world as far back
as the Middle Ages. He has argued that because a capitalist
economy is premised on growth and expansion, a globalized
economy is the inevitable result of capitalism.
• According to T. Evans globalization is the ‘ Space-time compression’. In
simple words it means shrinkage of space and time, which brnigs
together nations cultures and economies in mutual respect for one
another.

5. Impact of globalisation on India’s economy
Positive impact
• Access to newer technology and improved
ways of production from the more advanced
countries leading to efficiency in the local
industries.
• Greater cultural exchange because of greater
movement of the people. This has greatly
helped the tourism sector in India.
• India’s GDP has risen and is the 5th largest
economy in the world.
• increased foreign investment and remittances
in India. Since 1990’s.
Negative impact
• Agriculture sector not improved as much as
services and manufacturing sector- becoming
an expensive affairs. state is withdrawing its
extensive role in agriculture.
• MNC’s ruling the globe and exercising a great
political control all over the world wider
economic inequalities. Eg foreign mining
companies exploiting agricultural land
• Trade deficit (as in case of India) which hurt
most in case of under-developed and
developing economies and widen the gap
between the developed & not so developed
economies.

6. Western hegemony in globalisation
• We often use the term western culture to define the social norms,
beliefs system, traditions, culture, values and so forth that have origin
in Europe, or based on European culture.
• West has dominated the world for more than 2 centuries in the field
of economy, military, culturally. The reasons for their dominance is
because of their capitalist economy , which propagates consumerism.
• West is not only limited to countries , they tend to dominate the
world in form of IMF, World bank , United nations, European union.
• USA is considered to be the global superpower , which dominates the
whole world. They exploit the developing economic countries by
lending them loans with high intrests.

7. Universal values
• Democracy: Emerged from the city of grece [Athens] and is now
prevalent across the world.
• Liberalism: Emerged from french revolution and is now a part of
many world democracy’s.
• Christianity : It is the most practiced religion in the world , almost
1/3rd of the world population follows it.
• Capitalism : It is the result of trade among private individuals and
firms.
• Scientific thinking : The world since the 19th century is on the way
towards scientific innovation and development .

8. Conclusion
• The process of globalization is inevitable , it has to happen in any
point of time. It has both positive and negative implications. The
debate between right and wrong is very much subjective. The
developing countries argue that the developed countries try to
oppress them by forcing their culture , where as the west argue that
this is the mere process of globalization i.e exchange of cultures.