Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth's surface observed since the industrial period due to human activities like burning fossil fuels, which increases greenhouse gases. The top causes of climate change are waste, power plants, oil drilling, transportation, consumerism, farming, and industrialization. The major effects of climate change are hotter temperatures, more severe storms, increased drought, rising sea levels, loss of species, food shortages, and more health risks. Some ways to stop climate change include changing light bulbs, driving less, recycling more, adjusting tires, using less hot water, avoiding excess packaging, adjusting thermostats, and planting trees. If climate change is not stopped, it will lead to mass species extinction,