The document discusses 6 potential recipients for liver transplantation and the criteria for liver transplantation in India. It provides details about each case's medical history and condition. It also discusses how liver transplantation is organized in India, including that the Transplantation of Human Organs Act makes organ buying/selling illegal. India performs around 1200-1400 liver transplants annually but has a need of around 25,000, indicating high demand.
This presentation is a keynote address delivered by me in regional level conference of indian association of preventive and social medicine(IAPSM) in oct.2013 at goverment medical college haldwani,uttrakhand
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE is a modern epidemic in india. due to changes in living conditions and habits its prevalence is increasing day by day . in this presentation i have explained the various risk factors and innovations in diagnosis of CAD. IT is very useful for primary health care physicians and community medicine specialist
Saffola life study reveals that 74%^ of Kolkata respondents are at high cardi...Karan Lal
As per Saffola life Study more than 70%^^ of Urban Indians are at CVD risk
Young India (30 – 44 years) particularly at high risk of developing CVD
Kolkata respondents lead in terms of CVD risk and it also emerged as the smoking capital of the country
This presentation is a keynote address delivered by me in regional level conference of indian association of preventive and social medicine(IAPSM) in oct.2013 at goverment medical college haldwani,uttrakhand
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE is a modern epidemic in india. due to changes in living conditions and habits its prevalence is increasing day by day . in this presentation i have explained the various risk factors and innovations in diagnosis of CAD. IT is very useful for primary health care physicians and community medicine specialist
Saffola life study reveals that 74%^ of Kolkata respondents are at high cardi...Karan Lal
As per Saffola life Study more than 70%^^ of Urban Indians are at CVD risk
Young India (30 – 44 years) particularly at high risk of developing CVD
Kolkata respondents lead in terms of CVD risk and it also emerged as the smoking capital of the country
A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation. Donation may be of whole blood, or of specific components directly.
Liver transplant In India by Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, Sir Ganga Ram Hospitaldrabhideep
This presentation is related to Liver Transplant, Liver Failure, It's causes and remedy.
Here we also talk about liver transplant scenario in india and success rate of liver transplant both cadaver or living donor.
We also give a brief about the cost of liver transplant.
Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, is liver transplant consultant/surgeon at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Email : drabhideep@yahoo.com , care@drabhideep.com
Best Liver Transplant Hospital in Hyderabad | Liver Transplant Surgeons in In...YashodaHospitals
Liver transplant surgeons in India, Yashoda hospitals provide patients with comprehensive, coordinated care including the diagnosis and treatment of all liver diseases.
Best Liver Transplantation, Liver Treatment and Liver Transplant Hospitals in Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai
Global Hospitals India’s leading Multi-Specialty, Multi-Organ Transplant Centre with locations in Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore and Mumbai. The hospital is home to the Institute of Liver, Pancreases Diseases and Transplants that is the foremost liver transplant facilities in the country with expertise for both live-donor and cadaver transplants.
The hospitals offers state-of-the-art infrastructure alongside a team of high-skilled doctors - with competencies to treating a wide array of liver-related ailments and emergencies.
Global Hospitals is the leading tertiary healthcare provider and has pioneered several advanced liver transplant surgeries. Acomprehensive liver disease and transplant centre - the institute has successfully performed over 600 transplants.
Comprising of some of the best known transplant surgeons, the state-of-the-art infrastructure facility delivers best post-operative care for complex hepatology cases and Hepatobiliary Surgeries, including Hepatitis C, Liver Cirrhosis, Fatty Liver Disease and others
Liver transplant surgery is a procedure in which the defective liver of the patient is replaced by the healthy liver of another person who is also known as the donor. Rising Health Care provides the best medical services to patients searching for a top liver hospital in India.
contains details about what organs can be donated,who and how it can be done,policies and rules in about organ donation in india, what are the myths about donating organs, how many people are in need of organs(some statistics) and some private organizations working towards encouraging organ donation
Organ donation is ethically and morally acceptance compared to organ harvesting which is non ethic.
donating an organs for saving a human life is ok, and acceptance but to donate your organs for economics is bad because you didn't have a grantee that your organs may save till you dying.
the most expensive organ donation is ................
Mohamed Anwer Naleef, I am Nurse at Hemas Hospital,
This is about care of patient with Cirrhosis Disease Condition. As a Nurse three days my Nursing Process, observation, Nursing care Plan, Nursing Care and Help to patient manage and adjust the disease condition. Because the Cirrhosis is majority of male patients are facing the srilanka due to Alcohol. Even developing countries people also facing this problem due to uncontrolled Alcohol Consumption.
In my Case Studies, I briefly explained about Liver Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Treatment Complaience , medical management, Nursing Care, Nursing assessment, Nursing diagnosis, Nursing Planning, Nursing Intervention, Health Education for a Patient when patient Discharge.
A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation. Donation may be of whole blood, or of specific components directly.
Liver transplant In India by Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, Sir Ganga Ram Hospitaldrabhideep
This presentation is related to Liver Transplant, Liver Failure, It's causes and remedy.
Here we also talk about liver transplant scenario in india and success rate of liver transplant both cadaver or living donor.
We also give a brief about the cost of liver transplant.
Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, is liver transplant consultant/surgeon at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Email : drabhideep@yahoo.com , care@drabhideep.com
Best Liver Transplant Hospital in Hyderabad | Liver Transplant Surgeons in In...YashodaHospitals
Liver transplant surgeons in India, Yashoda hospitals provide patients with comprehensive, coordinated care including the diagnosis and treatment of all liver diseases.
Best Liver Transplantation, Liver Treatment and Liver Transplant Hospitals in Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai
Global Hospitals India’s leading Multi-Specialty, Multi-Organ Transplant Centre with locations in Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore and Mumbai. The hospital is home to the Institute of Liver, Pancreases Diseases and Transplants that is the foremost liver transplant facilities in the country with expertise for both live-donor and cadaver transplants.
The hospitals offers state-of-the-art infrastructure alongside a team of high-skilled doctors - with competencies to treating a wide array of liver-related ailments and emergencies.
Global Hospitals is the leading tertiary healthcare provider and has pioneered several advanced liver transplant surgeries. Acomprehensive liver disease and transplant centre - the institute has successfully performed over 600 transplants.
Comprising of some of the best known transplant surgeons, the state-of-the-art infrastructure facility delivers best post-operative care for complex hepatology cases and Hepatobiliary Surgeries, including Hepatitis C, Liver Cirrhosis, Fatty Liver Disease and others
Liver transplant surgery is a procedure in which the defective liver of the patient is replaced by the healthy liver of another person who is also known as the donor. Rising Health Care provides the best medical services to patients searching for a top liver hospital in India.
contains details about what organs can be donated,who and how it can be done,policies and rules in about organ donation in india, what are the myths about donating organs, how many people are in need of organs(some statistics) and some private organizations working towards encouraging organ donation
Organ donation is ethically and morally acceptance compared to organ harvesting which is non ethic.
donating an organs for saving a human life is ok, and acceptance but to donate your organs for economics is bad because you didn't have a grantee that your organs may save till you dying.
the most expensive organ donation is ................
Mohamed Anwer Naleef, I am Nurse at Hemas Hospital,
This is about care of patient with Cirrhosis Disease Condition. As a Nurse three days my Nursing Process, observation, Nursing care Plan, Nursing Care and Help to patient manage and adjust the disease condition. Because the Cirrhosis is majority of male patients are facing the srilanka due to Alcohol. Even developing countries people also facing this problem due to uncontrolled Alcohol Consumption.
In my Case Studies, I briefly explained about Liver Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Treatment Complaience , medical management, Nursing Care, Nursing assessment, Nursing diagnosis, Nursing Planning, Nursing Intervention, Health Education for a Patient when patient Discharge.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
3. Part 1
• Discussion on the Scenario and 6 possible recipients for liver
transplant in the context of different countries
Part 2
• How is the organization of liver transplant (or human organ in your
county of study?
l. Is any official organ transplant performed?
2. If so, how is it organized?
3. How many liver (or human organs in general) are transplanted per year in your country
of study? How high is the demand?
4. Is there any organ tourism or organ trade performed?
4. In India:
You cannot have the transplantation if :
cancer in another part of your body
serious heart, lung, or nerve disease
active alcohol or illegal drug abuse
an active, severe infection
inability to follow your doctor's instructions
5. systemic lupus erythematosus
Old age acquired hepatitis and HIV
Cancer
history of cocaine and alcohol
abuse
severe damage of liver
7. Is any official organ transplant performed?
• The Human Organ Transplantation Act was passed in India in 1994
• The first deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) in India was done in 1995 and
was unsuccessful. This was followed by a few unsuccessful attempts until the
first successful DDLT in 1998
• Shortly thereafter by the first successful Living donor liver transplant (LDLT) in
November 1998
8. Count.:
• The first era -1995 to 2004- saw 131 transplants in total (DDLT and
LDLT) done in 15 centers.
• The second era -2005 to 2015- has seen a progressive increase every
year and a phenomenal growth over the last 2 years with close to
1,200 Liver transplants done in the year 2014 alone.
9. Technical innovations and advancement:
• Age: 18 to 50 years, related voluntary donor
• No co-morbidity like diabetes and hypertension
• Smoking/contraceptive pills: abstinence for 6 weeks
prior to surgery
• BMI <27 for Indian/Asians, 30 for Middle East patients
• Acceptable remnant 30% and above
• LAI of >5: acceptable; less than that: Liver biopsy is done
Criteria for donor suitability:
11. • 1. National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO):
• Is a National level organization set up under Directorate General of Health
Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
• Functions as top center for All India activities of coordination and
networking for procurement, distribution, registry and Transplantation of
Organs and Tissues in the country.
12. • 2. MOHAN Foundation:
• Is a not-for-profit, non-governmental organization started to promote organ
donation in 1997 in Chennai.
• Ensures that every Indian who is suffering from end stage organ failure be
provided with the 'gift of life’ through a life-saving organ.
Public
awareness
Train health care
professionals
counsel families
to donate
Networking with
other
organizations.
13. 3.The Organ Receiving & Giving Awareness Network (ORGAN) India:
Is an initiative that was launched in March 2013 by The Parashar Foundation
to address the miserable state of late organ donation in India.
• Goal – to create widespread awareness on organ donation regardless of
religion, age, sex, caste, or social standing.
14. 4.National Transplant Registry:
Is to collect transplant related data from various centers in the
country and to be able to collate the data from time to time to
derive the following information:
Such as Number of Living and cadaver transplants, relationship in
case of related transplants, and profile of Donors
15. • Government of India has started National Organ and Transplant Program
(NOTP), under which patients below poverty line are supported for the
cost of transplant as well as cost of immunosuppressant after transplant
for one year.
• The Transplantation of Human Organs Act of 1994 makes it illegal to buy
or sell human organs in India.
16. How many liver (or human organs in general) are
transplanted per year in your country of study? How
high is the demand?
17. the need for liver transplantation in India is estimated to be around 20/million
population (or 25,000 LT per year).
The current rate of LT performed in India is around 1.2/million population.
Around 1200 and 1400 LT have been performed in India in the years 2013 and
2014, respectively. The yearly trends in the number of LT in India have been shown.
23. Is there any organ tourism or organ trade performed.
24. A combination of poverty, a significant level of inequality, and an all
pervading corruption makes India a fertile ground for this trade
there is an abundance of poor people who see the sale of an organ as
a possibility to raise cash,
and at the other end, there are rich patients in need of an organ and
some of the world’s best medical facilities to perform the actual
operations.
25. Specific Question 1:
Who is the most
appropriate case among
these potential cases for
receiving liver transplant?
26. In India, Certain conditions disqualify a person from undergoing a liver
transplantation because a successful outcome is unlikely.
“Contraindications”:
include the following:
27. ContraindicationCase
Advanced age (relative contraindication1
The presence of extrahepatic neoplasia
(usually within the last 5 years).
2
Extrahepatic infection + Hepatitis re-infection due to homosexuality and HIV effect4
Irreversible damage to other vital organs seriously limiting life expectancy and lack
of compliance
+ potential recurrence of liver damage.
5
Chronic liver failure (Alcohol-induced cirrhosis)
Abstinent for a period of at least 3–6 months
Approved to be in the waiting list
3
29. Indications
(HIV) infection is no longer be considered a contraindication to
liver transplantation and Liver transplant centers are now
accepting HIV-infected individuals as organ recipients.
30. 2612 homosexual males:
- 5% were found to be hepatitis-B surface-antigen (HBsAg) positive.
-(56%) of these proved to have chronic active hepatitis or active cirrhosis.
Re-occurrence of liver failure increased mortality and "waste" of organs
32. Liver for transplant can be obtained from two types of donors :-
1) Cadaveric Liver Donation:
From a brain dead person .
Allocation of such organ according to :-
• Blood group match.
• Time on waiting list .
• Urgency of requirement.
33. • Compatible blood group with the recipient.
Con..
2) Living Liver Donation :
Donor Blood Group Recipient Blood Group
O O, A, B or AB
A A or AB
B B or AB
AB AB
• A family member ( wife, husband, mother, father, brother, sister,
son, daughter, grandfather, grandmother, grandson,
granddaughter) or close relative of the patient.
• Not overweight.
34. • Family friends, well-wishers, staff or neighbors are not accepted
as donors
• Age group 18-55 years.
• The donor’s liver should be large enough to provide adequate
volume for the recipient.
• Donor should be undergo a thorough medical and psychological
evaluation.
• Fully understand the risks of surgery.
35. • Alcoholic and people with cancer cannot have
the transplantation
• The donor should have some criteria like being
free from diabetes.
• in India it is illegal to buy or sell human organs.
36. • URL https://www.scribd.com/document/357821920/The-Hindu-Chennai-3-
4-17
Website Title Scribd
Article Title The Hindu Chennai 3-4-17
Date Accessed March 04, 2018
Anon, (2018). Living donor liver transplantation in India. [online] Available at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824736/ [Accessed 3 Mar.
2018].
• URL http://www.transplantindia.com/
Website Title transplantindia.com
Article Title Welcome to Indian Transplant Registry
Date Accessed March 04, 2018
37. • URL http://sites.ndtv.com/moretogive/numbers-status-organ-donation-
india-221
Website Title NDTV-Fortis More to Give: Be an Organ Donor
Article Title In Numbers: The Status Of Organ Donation In India | Infographics
Date Published August 22, 2017
Date Accessed March 04, 2018
• Journal Title MAMC Journal of Medical Sciences
Publication Year 2015
Article Title Welcome to MAMCJMS
URL http://www.mamcjms.in/article.asp?issn=2394-
7438;year=2016;volume=2;issue=1;spage=6;epage=11;aulast=Soin
38. CASE1
• A 63 year old managing director of family company in the textile
business, with about 400 employees in Europe and India. He
reformed the company to an example of corporate social
responsibility, on the aspect of sustainability and good employer
practices. He has a wife and three (adult) children. During a visit in
India several years ago he donated some blood for an employee of
the local factory who had no relatives. He acquired Hepatitis B, which
became chronic and he developed a hepatocellular carcinoma. Beside
this, his health is good.
39. CASE 2
• A 37-year-old primary school teacher. She is a mother of four children
(age: 10, 4, 2, and 1). After the birth of her first child, she was
diagnosed having breast cancer. She had a surgical and chemotherapy
and was considered to be cured five years ago. However, a year ago,
she visited her GP because of a swollen abdomen, nausea, anorexia,
and loss of weight. Liver metastasis were found. She receives
chemotherapy to slow down the process. Other metastases have not
been found.
40. CASE 3
• A 26-year-old mechanic, who has a personal history of cocaine and
alcohol abuse, since the age of seventeen. Several attempts of rehab
were futile. However, 18 months ago he was admitted to a clinic and
he is a clean now for 13 months. He started to build up his life again,
which include that he found a job and is involved in a relationship.
However, he developed ascites and other symptoms of a cirrhotic
liver and had to stop working. He has a very low quality of life
41. CASE 4
• A 39-year-old man from South Eastern Asia, working as an interpreter.
He was granted asylum 12 years ago, because he was persecuted for
his homosexuality. During his first years in The Netherlands, he has
been sexually abused, and consequently acquired hepatitis and HIV.
The HIV is under control, but he developed a cirrhotic liver due to the
hepatitis.
42. CASE 6
• Case 6 is not on the waiting list. We do not much of her, but she was
in the same car as our donor. Because of her physical resemblance
she probably a family member (cousin). According to her ID she is 26
years old. She has a rupture and other severe damage of her liver.
43. CASE 5
• A 19-year-old high school student with an aggressive systemic lupus
erythematosus. She had several flares the last four years. Last year,
she developed complications of portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and
hepatic encephalopathy – which are rare in SLE. Her quality of life is
low due to these complications.
Editor's Notes
deceased donor liver transplant
Living donor liver transplant
There are many Organizations and Foundations that aim to organize All India activities for liver transplant
1. المنظمة الوطنية لزراعة الأعضاء والأنسجة (توتو):
هي منظمة على المستوى الوطني أنشئت تحت المديرية العامة للخدمات الصحية، وزارة الصحة ورعاية الأسرة.
وظائف كأعلى مركز لجميع أنشطة الهند من التنسيق والشبكات لشراء والتوزيع، وتسجيل وزرع الأعضاء والأنسجة في البلاد.
Multi Organ Harvesting Aid Network
By creating public awareness, train health care professionals in transplant coordination, counsel families of "brain dead" victims to donate their loved ones' organs , and Networking with other organ procuring organizations in the country.
3. الجهاز تلقي وإعطاء شبكة الوعي (أورغان) الهند:
هي مبادرة التي تم إطلاقها في مارس 2013 من قبل مؤسسة باراشار لمعالجة حالة بائسة من التبرع بالأعضاء المتوفى في الهند.
الهدف - خلق وعي واسع النطاق حول التبرع بالأعضاء في دلهي، بغض النظر عن الدين أو العمر أو الجنس أو الطبقة الاجتماعية أو الوضع الاجتماعي.
4.National Transplant Registry: Is to collect transplant related data from various centers. “enough as a definition”
الذي يتم بموجبه دعم المرضى الذين يعيشون تحت خط الفقر لتكلفة زراعة الأعضاء، فضلا عن تكلفة مناعة بعد زرع لمدة عام واحد.
قانون زرع الأعضاء البشرية لعام 1994 يجعل من غير القانوني شراء أو بيع الأعضاء البشرية في الهند.
The needed is increase each year
annual
persons\million of population
إن الجمع بين الفقر، ومستوى كبير من عدم المساواة، والفساد كله، يجعل الهند أرضا خصبة لهذه التجارة
هناك وفرة من الفقراء الذين يرون بيع جهاز كإمكانية لجمع الأموال، وعلى الطرف الآخر، وهناك مرضى غني في حاجة إلى جهاز وبعض من أفضل المرافق الطبية في العالم لأداء العمليات الفعلية.
Just mention the ones underlined
مو بالضرورة ينشرح بالتفصيل،، اهم حاجة شرح الكيسات الاندكيتد
Case2: This case of liver metastasis is excluded because one of the contraindications of liver transplant is the presence of extrahepatic neoplasia (usually within the last 5 years as in this case)
Case4: Hepatitis C re-infection of the liver graft, however, remains an important problem because cirrhotic changes of the liver graft may be more rapid in HIV-infected recipients + homosexual men have a higher chance of getting viral hepatitis including Hepatitis A, B, and C.
So the transplant is not beneficial unless this man is no longer homosexual.
Case 5: So this patient had flares of SLE, these flares lasted for a long time of four years which may result in organ damage, and one of the contraindication of liver transplant is irreversible damage to other vital organs seriously limiting life expectancy and lack of compliance. In addition, SLE is a life long disease and the damage may re-occur.
Also, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) occurring before liver transplant can have a substantial negative impact on posttransplant outcomes, and preoperative history of HE may be a predictor of posttransplant neurologic complications
يعني في النهاية رح نعطي كيس 6 لانو هي قريبته ولان مافيها كونترا انديكشنز كحول او غيره خصوصا انو المريض وأهله اكيد يبون يعطونه قريبهم
This patient is considered as a candidate for liver transplantation because he developed cirrhosis due to hepatitis which is an indication.
And when we look into how healthy this patient is, he suffers from AIDS. :and It is true that recent studies indicate that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection need no longer be considered a contraindication to liver transplantation and Liver transplant centers are now accepting HIV-infected individuals as organ recipients, because Since potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) became widely available in 1996 [2], the prognosis of HIV infection has dramatically improved. There have been significant decreases in morbidity and mortality, and, for many individuals with well-controlled viral as in this patient
However, this patient in no longer a candidate due to his habit of homosexuality -- 5% of 2612 homosexual males attending genitourinary clinics were found to be hepatitis-B surface-antigen (HBsAg) positive. Liver biopsy was done in 25 who had abnormal liver-function tests but no symptoms or signs of liver disease, and 14 (56%) of these proved to have chronic active hepatitis or active cirrhosis.
Thus, imagine if this patient remains homosexual, he will be highly susceptible for being hepatitis re-infection and liver failure , which may results in increased mortality (surgery is not beneficial and a "waste" of organs
So the transplant is not beneficial unless this man is no longer homosexual.
Not overweight, because people who are overweight may have fatty liver
http://www.organindia.org/donor-evaluation-and-preparation/