Global Blindness: Principles of planning
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In this presentation we discuss why change in health care does need to be planned and introduce the basic principles behind planning for eye care programmes. As you read, think about any planning (at work or in your personal life) that you have been involved in and the organisational and logistical steps that you took. Consider why it’s essential to plan for any form of change within a health setting? The 4 stages of the planning cycle are interlinked to ensure that the envisaged changed occurs. What are the possible areas of weakness to look out for? © 2016 International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Taken from the free online course: Global Blindness: Planning and Managing Eye Care Services. We encourage the use and adaptation of this resource for teaching and learning. Find more Open Educational Resources for eye care on our website at http://iceh.lshtm.ac.uk/oer
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Global Blindness: Principles of planning
- 1. Global Blindness: Planning and managing eye care services Principles of planning
- 2. Learning outcomes To consider the need for change To describe the definition of planning
- 3. What is change? To make or become different To vary the way of doing something
- 4. Factors affecting change in a health setting Who is affected - providers and patients? What additional resources are required? What is the likely long- term impact?
- 5. Planning is an everyday activity
- 6. Planning has two components Organisational process Logistical process Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4
- 7. Four basic stages to planning HERE THERE
- 8. Four basic stages to planning
- 9. Planning and management cycle
- 15. In conclusion We have considered the need for change Described the definition of planning Looked at the four basic stages and key steps in programme planning and management
- 16. Written by Dr Daksha Patel © 2016 International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Taken from the free online course: Global Blindness: Planning and Managing Eye Care Services. We encourage the use and adaptation of this resource for teaching and learning. Find more Open Educational Resources for eye care on our website at http://iceh.lshtm.ac.uk/oer
Editor's Notes
- Welcome, the learning outcomes for this presentation are: to consider the need for change and to describe the definition of planning
- What is change? In the dictionary change is defined as to make or become different, or to vary the way of doing something.
- Before we try to do something differently in a health setting, we need to consider a number of factors: Who is affected by the activity we are thinking about changing, this consideration includes both health care providers and consumers? What additional resources or training will be required if we decide to do things differently? And what is the likely long term impact? Because of these issues, whatever change we are considering - it will have to be planned.
- What is planning? Planning is an activity most of us carry out every day but we may not recognise it as planning. For example, we are planning when we consider going on a holiday or a trip. Image: Eric Heupel CC BY-NC 2.0 flic.kr/p/bbqqTR
- Planning has two components that work together. They are called organisational process and logical process. In organisational process, we try to understand all the different interconnected components that influence our work. We then use these components to create a strategy or framework for change. The logical process details all the activities we need to carry out in an efficient order, to achieve our desired change.
- There are four basic stages to planning Firstly, we need to understand where we are now (HERE). To do this we establish our present position and this lets us decide if change is required or more importantly even possible. The second stage is to identify where we want to get to in the future (THERE). The future is usually 3 to 5 years from now.
- In stage 3, we work out HOW to get from HERE to THERE. We do this by logically arranging activities and selecting the best methods to help us to get to where we want to be. Finally we carry out our plan effectively and with efficient use of resources. Success!
- To finish this presentation we’re going to look in more detail at the programme planning and management cycle. There are six key steps to the activities in this cycle.
- Stage 1 of planning is understanding where we are now – the here. This has two steps in programme planning and is known as a situation analysis. In step 1 we: Assess the needs in the community Identify the relevant options for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention Assess resources already available at each level of delivery
- In step 2 we Identify the gaps in current provision and determine the priorities for action that are essential to bring about change
- Stage 2 of planning is about understanding where we want to get to. In step 3, we set a direction (the aim), establish clear objectives on how to achieve change and set achievable targets for action. In step 4 we prioritise our objectives in a logical order, create a budget and timetable for the activities needed to achieve them. We also, vitally, secure the resources we need to carry out the plan
- Stages 3 and 4 of planning are about ensuring we carry out the plan effectively. This is the implementation phase and planning activities here are referred to as monitoring and evaluation. Again there are two steps. In step 5 we carry out several activities, often at regular intervals: We monitor progress of implementation using our indicators and against our targets Identify problems and solutions Review implementation If corrective action is needed, we revise the plan
- In step 6: We evaluate the program of work that resulted from our plan and decide if the plan can be scaled up elsewhere
- In conclusion, in this presentation we have considered why change in health care needs to be planned. We have described the definition of planning, and provided an overview of the four basic stages, and the key steps involved in programme planning and management.