Given operation are push, pop, top, isEmptyLets assume that .pdf
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Given operation are: push, pop, top, isEmpty Lets assume that \'S\' is given stack 1. Set num to the second element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack without its top elements. setSecondElement(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()) print \"stack is empty\" S.pop() if(S.isEmpty()) print \"stack is empty\" num = S.top() 2. Given an integer n, set the nth element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setNthWithoutChange(S, num, n): create tempStack // popping first n elements from S and pushing into temp stack for i=1 to n: if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack contains less element than n\" break; tempStack.push(S.pop()) // if we have sufficient elements if i==n : num= tempStack.top() // pop all elements from tempstack and push back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()): S.push(tempStack.pop()) 3. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack empty. setBottomElementWithChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack is empty\" else: num = S.pop() // setting first element to num while(!S.isEmpty()) num = S.pop() 4. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setBottomElementWithoutChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack is empty\" else: create a tempStack while(!S.isEmpty()) tempStack.push(S.pop()) num = tempStack.top() // pushing back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) S.push(tempStack.pop()) 5. Set num to the nth element from the bottom of the stack leaving the stack unchanged. if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack is empty\" else: create a tempStack while(!S.isEmpty()) tempStack.push(S.pop()) int count = 0; while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) temp = tempStack.pop() count = count + 1 if(count == n) num = temp S.push(temp) if count < n: print \"stack do not have sufficient element\" Solution Given operation are: push, pop, top, isEmpty Lets assume that \'S\' is given stack 1. Set num to the second element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack without its top elements. setSecondElement(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()) print \"stack is empty\" S.pop() if(S.isEmpty()) print \"stack is empty\" num = S.top() 2. Given an integer n, set the nth element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setNthWithoutChange(S, num, n): create tempStack // popping first n elements from S and pushing into temp stack for i=1 to n: if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack contains less element than n\" break; tempStack.push(S.pop()) // if we have sufficient elements if i==n : num= tempStack.top() // pop all elements from tempstack and push back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()): S.push(tempStack.pop()) 3. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack empty. setBottomElementWithChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack is empty\" else: num = S.pop() // setting first element to num while(!S.isEmpty()) num = S.pop() 4. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setBottomElementWithoutChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print \"stack is empty\" else: create a tempStack while(!S..
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stack (1).pptx
The document discusses stacks and their implementation and applications. It begins by defining a stack as a data structure that follows the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. It then describes the basic stack operations of push, pop, peek, and initialization. It provides algorithms to implement these operations using an array. Several applications of stacks are covered, including converting numbers between different bases, reversing strings, checking for palindromes, and evaluating postfix/prefix expressions. The document also discusses converting infix expressions to postfix notation using an operator stack. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive introduction to stacks, their implementation, and common uses.
C++ Program It is only 1 rotation. Up-rotation of a stack. Write a.pdf
C++ Program: It is only 1 rotation. Up-rotation of a stack. Write a function stack upRotate(Stack
s) which returns the up-rotation of a stack (the top node is moved to the bottom) Down-rotation
of a stack. Write a function stack downRotate(Stack s) which returns the down-rotation of a
stack (the top node is moved to the bottom). For this assignment append all member functions of
Node to the provided Node.h header file (for simplicity, implement them in the header). All the
functions which use Stack should go in a main.cpp. Note that for Node, you are creating member
functions, or methods. For stack, you are creating functions. The difference is important. You
cannot add to the public/private data of Node or Stack; you must keep them as such. You must
demonstrate all the functions you create in main.cpp! For example, if you are doing list
problems, load list with some numbers, such as 2 3 5 7. Then demonstrate your rotations,
reversals, etc. by printing out the list before/after the function call. Label your output
appropriately so that I can grade it easily.
Solution
#define MAXLEN 100
typedef struct {
char element [MAXLEN];
int top;
}stack;
stack init()
{
stack S;
s.top= -1;
return S;
}
int isempty( stack S)
{
return(S.top== -1)
}int isFull( stack S)
{
return(S.top == MAXLEN -1);
}
char top(stack s)
{
if (isEmpty(s))
{
fprintf(stderr, \"top: Empty stack\ \");
return \'\\0\';
}
return S.element[S.top];
}
stack push(stack S char ch)
{
if (isFull(s)) {
fprintf(stderr, \"push:Full stack\ \");
return S;
}
++S.top;
S.element[S.top]=ch;
return S;
}
stack pop(stack S)
{
if (isEmpty(S)){
fprintf(stedrr,\"pop:Empty stack\ \");
return S;
}
--S.top;
returm S;
}
void print(stack S)
{
int i;
for(i=S.top; i >-0; --i) printf(\"%c\",S.element[i]);
}
Here is a possible main() function calling these routines:
int main()
stack S;
S=int(); printf(\"Current stack:\"); print(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \", top(S));
S=push(S,\'d\'); printf(\"Current Stack:\"); print(S);printf(\"with top =%c.\ \",top(S));
S=push(S\',f\'); printf(\"Current stack:\"); print(S); printf(\"with top =%c.\ \", top(S));
S=push(S,\'a\'); printf(\"Current stack:\"); print(S); printf(\"with top =%c.\ \" ,top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack :\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=push(S,\'x\'); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top =%C.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); prientf(\" with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); print(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \", top(S));
Here is the complete progrem. the output of the program is given beloe:
top: Empty stack
Current stack : with top =.
Current stack : d with top = d.
Current stack : fd with top = f.
Current stack : afd with top = a.
Current stack : fd with top = f.
Current stack : xfd with top = x.
Stack data structure
The document discusses stacks and their implementation and operations. It defines a stack as a linear data structure that follows the LIFO principle. Stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. The two main operations on a stack are push and pop. Push adds an element to the top of the stack, while pop removes an element from the top. The document provides examples of these operations and discusses applications of stacks such as converting infix to postfix notation.
Presentation topic is stick data structure
This document discusses the stack data structure. It defines a stack as a linear data structure where elements are added and removed from only one end, called the top. Common stack operations like push, pop, and peek are described. Examples are given to illustrate how stacks can be used to perform calculations. The document also explains how stacks can be implemented using both arrays and linked lists. Key points are that arrays maintain a size and add/remove from the first element, while linked lists use a head node and insert/remove as the new head.
stacks and queues
a presentation covering all the topics on Stacks and Queues in Data Structures using C++. Includes self explanatory diagrams, algorithms and program pieces.
Lecture2
This document provides an overview of stacks as an abstract data type (ADT). It defines a stack as a last-in first-out data structure for storing arbitrary objects. The key stack operations of push, pop, top, and size are described. Exceptions that can occur for empty stacks are discussed. An array-based implementation of stacks is presented, including algorithms for the stack operations and analysis of its performance and limitations. Applications of stacks like undo buffers and method call stacks are mentioned. Finally, an example of using a stack to check matching parentheses in an expression is provided.
Stack concepts by Divya
This document discusses the stack data structure and its operations. It defines a stack as a Last In First Out (LIFO) data structure. The main stack operations are push, which inserts an element into the stack, and pop, which removes an element from the stack. It also discusses using a stack to check for matching parentheses during program parsing. The document then provides implementations of stacks using both arrays and linked lists in C, demonstrating how to perform push and pop operations on each.
Data Structure.pptx
Hi everyone i hope you will be fine plz support me i hope you well statisfied with this slide and course.
Recommended
stack (1).pptx
The document discusses stacks and their implementation and applications. It begins by defining a stack as a data structure that follows the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. It then describes the basic stack operations of push, pop, peek, and initialization. It provides algorithms to implement these operations using an array. Several applications of stacks are covered, including converting numbers between different bases, reversing strings, checking for palindromes, and evaluating postfix/prefix expressions. The document also discusses converting infix expressions to postfix notation using an operator stack. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive introduction to stacks, their implementation, and common uses.
C++ Program It is only 1 rotation. Up-rotation of a stack. Write a.pdf
C++ Program: It is only 1 rotation. Up-rotation of a stack. Write a function stack upRotate(Stack
s) which returns the up-rotation of a stack (the top node is moved to the bottom) Down-rotation
of a stack. Write a function stack downRotate(Stack s) which returns the down-rotation of a
stack (the top node is moved to the bottom). For this assignment append all member functions of
Node to the provided Node.h header file (for simplicity, implement them in the header). All the
functions which use Stack should go in a main.cpp. Note that for Node, you are creating member
functions, or methods. For stack, you are creating functions. The difference is important. You
cannot add to the public/private data of Node or Stack; you must keep them as such. You must
demonstrate all the functions you create in main.cpp! For example, if you are doing list
problems, load list with some numbers, such as 2 3 5 7. Then demonstrate your rotations,
reversals, etc. by printing out the list before/after the function call. Label your output
appropriately so that I can grade it easily.
Solution
#define MAXLEN 100
typedef struct {
char element [MAXLEN];
int top;
}stack;
stack init()
{
stack S;
s.top= -1;
return S;
}
int isempty( stack S)
{
return(S.top== -1)
}int isFull( stack S)
{
return(S.top == MAXLEN -1);
}
char top(stack s)
{
if (isEmpty(s))
{
fprintf(stderr, \"top: Empty stack\ \");
return \'\\0\';
}
return S.element[S.top];
}
stack push(stack S char ch)
{
if (isFull(s)) {
fprintf(stderr, \"push:Full stack\ \");
return S;
}
++S.top;
S.element[S.top]=ch;
return S;
}
stack pop(stack S)
{
if (isEmpty(S)){
fprintf(stedrr,\"pop:Empty stack\ \");
return S;
}
--S.top;
returm S;
}
void print(stack S)
{
int i;
for(i=S.top; i >-0; --i) printf(\"%c\",S.element[i]);
}
Here is a possible main() function calling these routines:
int main()
stack S;
S=int(); printf(\"Current stack:\"); print(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \", top(S));
S=push(S,\'d\'); printf(\"Current Stack:\"); print(S);printf(\"with top =%c.\ \",top(S));
S=push(S\',f\'); printf(\"Current stack:\"); print(S); printf(\"with top =%c.\ \", top(S));
S=push(S,\'a\'); printf(\"Current stack:\"); print(S); printf(\"with top =%c.\ \" ,top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack :\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=push(S,\'x\'); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top =%C.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); printf(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); prientf(\" with top=%c.\ \",top(S));
S=pop(S); print(\"Current stack:\"); printf(S); printf(\"with top=%c.\ \", top(S));
Here is the complete progrem. the output of the program is given beloe:
top: Empty stack
Current stack : with top =.
Current stack : d with top = d.
Current stack : fd with top = f.
Current stack : afd with top = a.
Current stack : fd with top = f.
Current stack : xfd with top = x.
Stack data structure
The document discusses stacks and their implementation and operations. It defines a stack as a linear data structure that follows the LIFO principle. Stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. The two main operations on a stack are push and pop. Push adds an element to the top of the stack, while pop removes an element from the top. The document provides examples of these operations and discusses applications of stacks such as converting infix to postfix notation.
Presentation topic is stick data structure
This document discusses the stack data structure. It defines a stack as a linear data structure where elements are added and removed from only one end, called the top. Common stack operations like push, pop, and peek are described. Examples are given to illustrate how stacks can be used to perform calculations. The document also explains how stacks can be implemented using both arrays and linked lists. Key points are that arrays maintain a size and add/remove from the first element, while linked lists use a head node and insert/remove as the new head.
stacks and queues
a presentation covering all the topics on Stacks and Queues in Data Structures using C++. Includes self explanatory diagrams, algorithms and program pieces.
Lecture2
This document provides an overview of stacks as an abstract data type (ADT). It defines a stack as a last-in first-out data structure for storing arbitrary objects. The key stack operations of push, pop, top, and size are described. Exceptions that can occur for empty stacks are discussed. An array-based implementation of stacks is presented, including algorithms for the stack operations and analysis of its performance and limitations. Applications of stacks like undo buffers and method call stacks are mentioned. Finally, an example of using a stack to check matching parentheses in an expression is provided.
Stack concepts by Divya
This document discusses the stack data structure and its operations. It defines a stack as a Last In First Out (LIFO) data structure. The main stack operations are push, which inserts an element into the stack, and pop, which removes an element from the stack. It also discusses using a stack to check for matching parentheses during program parsing. The document then provides implementations of stacks using both arrays and linked lists in C, demonstrating how to perform push and pop operations on each.
Data Structure.pptx
Hi everyone i hope you will be fine plz support me i hope you well statisfied with this slide and course.
DSA- Unit III- STACK AND QUEUE
Stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In First Out) principle. Elements can only be inserted and removed from one end called the top of the stack. Common stack operations include push to insert and pop to remove elements. Stack has numerous applications including converting infix expressions to postfix, evaluating postfix expressions, checking for balanced symbols, and managing function calls and returns through a call stack.
I have a stack in Java populated with integers. Im trying to compa.pdf
I have a stack in Java populated with integers. I\'m trying to compare the elements in the stack to
determine which is the largest. Basically, I enter the element at the top of the stack into e then
pop each element off the stack and check to see if it is greater than the value stored in e. How can
I check to see if the next element in the stack is greater than the element stored in e?
E e = stk1.peek();
while(!stk1.empty())
{
if(stk1.peek() > e)
{
e=stk1.peek();
}
Solution
Using recursive approach we can sort the stack and the top element of stack would be the largest
integer.
Algorithm:
Sorting stack elements:
Inserting elements in sorted order:
Illustration:
First pop all the elements from the stack and store poped element in variable \'temp\'. After
poping all the elements function\'s stack frame will look like:
Now stack is empty and \'insert_in_sorted_order()\' function is called and it inserts 30 (from
stack frame #5) at the bottom of the stack. Now stack looks like below:
Now next element i.e. -5 (from stack frame #4) is picked. Since -5 < 30, -5 is inserted at the
bottom of stack. Now stack becomes:
Next 18 (from stack frame #3) is picked. Since 18 < 30, 18 is inserted below 30. Now stack
becomes:
Next 14 (from stack frame #2) is picked. Since 14 < 30 and 14 < 18, it is inserted below 18. Now
stack becomes:
Now -3 (from stack frame #1) is picked, as -3 < 30 and -3 < 18 and -3 < 14, it is inserted below
14. Now stack becomes:
Implementation:
/**
* Stack is represented using linked list
*/
public class Stack extends NativeClass {
private final IntContainer data = new IntContainer(this, 1);
private final Container> next = new Container>(this, 1){};
public int getData() {
return data.get();
}
public int setData(int newData) {
return data.set(newData);
}
public Container getNext() {
return next.get();
}
public Container setNext(Container newNext) {
return next.set(newNext);
}
public static Container nnc(Container orig) {
return Container.nnc(new TypeInfo>(){}, orig);
}
/**
* Utility function to initialize stack
*/
public static void initStack(Container[] s) {
s[0] = null;
}
/**
* Utility function to chcek if stack is empty
*/
public static int isEmpty(Stack[] s) {
if(s == null) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Utility function to push an item to stack
*/
public static void push(Container[] s, int x) {
Container p = new Container(true, 1){};
p.get().setData(x);
p.get().setNext(s[0]);
s[0] = p;
}
/**
* Utility function to remove an item from stack
*/
public static int pop(Container[] s) {
int x;
Container temp;
x = s[0].get().getData();
temp = s[0];
s[0] = s[0].get().getNext();
nnc(temp).setNativeControlled(false);
return x;
}
/**
* Function to find top item
*/
public static int top(Stack[] s) {
return s[0].getData();
}
}
// Recursive function to insert an item x in sorted way
public static void sortedInsert(Container> s, int x) {
// Base case: Either stack is empty or newly inserted
// item is greater than top (more than all existing)
if(is.
04 stacks
1. The document discusses stacks and their implementation as a data structure. Stacks follow the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle and can be implemented using either arrays (static implementation) or linked lists (dynamic implementation).
2. Common stack operations like push, pop, peek and isEmpty are described along with their time complexities. Converting expressions from infix to postfix notation using stacks is also covered.
3. Examples of implementing stacks using arrays and linked lists in C programming language are provided, including functions for push, pop and traversal operations. Converting infix expressions to equivalent postfix forms using stack operations is demonstrated through examples.
2Bytesprog2 course_2014_c5_pointers
The document discusses pointers and static vs dynamic variables in programming. It then describes stacks and how to implement push and pop operations on a stack to add or remove elements. Examples are provided of using stacks to store characters of a string. The homework asks to evaluate an expression like ((1*(3+2))*1)+3 using a stack and the push/pop operations, with only one stack allowed.
Stack
The document discusses stacks, which are linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Elements are inserted and removed from only one end, called the top. Common stack operations are PUSH, which inserts an element at the top, and POP, which removes the top element. Stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Stacks have applications in recursion, expression evaluation, and showing operator precedence. Recursion uses stacks to call nested functions, with stack frames allowing data to come out in the correct order as frames are popped.
Data structures stacks
Stacks are linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Elements are added and removed from the top of the stack. Stacks have two main operations - Push, which adds an element to the top of the stack, and Pop, which removes an element from the top. Stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Compilers use stacks to convert infix arithmetic expressions to postfix notation and then evaluate the postfix expression. This process involves pushing and popping operators from the stack.
Help please, I have attached LinkedList.cpp and LinkedList.hPlease.pdf
The document provides code for implementing a stack using a linked list. It includes code for a LinkedList class with functions to manipulate a linked list like insert, remove, print etc. It also provides code snippets for a Stack class that inherits from LinkedList. The Stack class implements functions like push, pop and top to add/remove elements from the front of the linked list, mimicking a stack's LIFO behavior. The document asks to implement the Stack and LinkedList code to create a working stack using inheritance and linked list functions.
STACK.docx
The document defines functions for common stack operations like isEmpty, Push, Pop, and Show. It uses a list to represent the stack and tracks the top index. The main section runs an interactive menu where the user can push, pop, and show the stack.
Stacks queues
This document discusses data structures and algorithms for stacks and queues. It describes the common operations for stacks and queues like push, pop, enqueue, dequeue. It provides array-based and linked list-based implementations for both stacks and queues. For queues, it discusses two implementations using arrays: one using front and rear indexes, and another using a circular queue approach. The time complexities of common operations on stacks and queues are also analyzed.
To insert an element at given position in arrayInsert(stack s1, s.pdf
To insert an element at given position in array:
Insert(stack s1, stack s2, int value, int pos)
//Inserts a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
for i = 1 to pos - 1 //Till the pos-1
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
s1.push(value) //Now push your element in specified position pos.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
To delete an element at given position in array:
Delete(stack s1, stack s2, int pos)
//Deletes a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
for i = 1 to pos - 1 //Till the pos-1
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
s1.pop(value) //Now pop your element in specified position pos.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
To delete a given element in array:
DeleteVal(stack s1, stack s2, int value)
//Deletes a value from the array.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
ele = s2.peek();
while(ele != value || !s2.empty()) //Till you found the element to be deleted.
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
ele = s2.peek()
s2.pop(value) //If element is found, delete it.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
If you have any queries with this, just get back to me.
Solution
To insert an element at given position in array:
Insert(stack s1, stack s2, int value, int pos)
//Inserts a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
for i = 1 to pos - 1 //Till the pos-1
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
s1.push(value) //Now push your element in specified position pos.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
To delete an element at given position in array:
Delete(stack s1, stack s2, int pos)
//Deletes a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By .
Lect 15-16 Zaheer Abbas
The document discusses stacks, which are linear data structures that only allow insertion and removal of elements from one end. Stacks follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. The basic stack operations are push, which adds an element to the top, and pop, which removes the top element. Stacks can overflow if full and underflow if empty. Stacks can be implemented using arrays, with a pointer tracking the top index. Pseudocode provides algorithms for push and pop operations on a stack implemented using an array.
Given the following ADT definition of a stack to use stack .docx
The document provides an abstract data type (ADT) definition for a queue. It includes common queue methods like clear(), isEmpty(), enqueue(), front(), dequeue(), and length(). The question asks to add additional member methods to an array-based queue implementation. Specifically, it provides an existing array-based queue class with attributes like allocSize, numItems, frontIndex, backIndex, and a dynamic items array representing the queue. The question asks to add member methods to this implementation.
Algo>Stacks
Stacks are a special type of list where insertions and deletions only occur at one end, called the top. There are two main types - static stacks have a fixed size and are implemented as arrays, while dynamic stacks can grow as needed and are implemented as linked lists. Common stack operations include push to insert at the top, pop to remove from the top, and functions to check if the stack is empty or return the top element. Stacks are useful data structures with LIFO (last in, first out) behavior and have various applications like implementing function call stacks in compilers.
Stack and Queue
The document discusses stacks and queues. It defines stacks as LIFO data structures and queues as FIFO data structures. It describes basic stack operations like push and pop and basic queue operations like enqueue and dequeue. It then discusses implementing stacks and queues using arrays and linked lists, outlining the key operations and memory requirements for each implementation.
Stacks
This document discusses stacks and their implementation and applications. It begins by defining a stack as a last-in, first-out data structure that stores elements in a particular order. It then discusses two common implementations of stacks using arrays and linked lists. Finally, it provides the classic example of the Towers of Hanoi problem, which can be solved recursively using stacks.
Develop a stack in c with dynamic memory allocation. Use the followi.pdf
Develop a stack in c with dynamic memory allocation. Use the following structure to create a
stack:t
typedef struct Element
{
char c;
struct Element *next;
} Element_Type, *Pointer_Type;
You need to develop the following functions:
1) push(): demands two arguemnts of which the first nominates a pointer. For example,
push(&x, ‘A’) to push ‘A’ onto stack X. You need to allocate memory for a new element.
2) pop(): pops and returns the element on the top of the stack and frees the memory space which
was occupied by the element.
3) peep(): simply returns the character value of the top element of the stack. No pointers are
disturbed.
4) displayAll(): prints all character values of all elements of the stack from top to bottom.
void push(Pointer_Type *q, char ch){……}
char pop(Pointer_Type *q){……}
char peep(Pointer_Type *q){……}
void displayAll(Pointer_Type *q){……}
Test your stack and all functions with at least 10 elements.
Solution
#include
#include
#include
struct Element
{
char c;
struct Element *next;
};
struct Element *start=NULL;
void push()
{
char ele;
struct Element *new_ele,*temp;
int i=0;
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
i++;
}
if(i==10)
{
printf(\"Stack Overflow\");
getch();
}
else
{
new_ele=(struct Element *)malloc(sizeof(struct Element));
printf(\"Enter value for Element: \");
scanf(\"%c\",&new_ele->c);
new_ele->next=start;
start=new_ele;
}
}
void pop()
{
struct Element *temp,*temp2;
int i=0;
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
i++;
}
if(i==0)
{
printf(\"Underflow\");
getch();
}
else
{
temp2=start->next;
start=temp2;
printf(\"\ ***The value has been poped***\ \");
}
}
void display()
{
struct Element *temp;
printf(\"\ ****Stack Values****\ \");
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
printf(\"%c\ \",temp->c);
}
getch();
}
void peep()
{
struct Element *temp;
int pos,i=0,j=0;
printf(\"Please enter the position number: \");
scanf(\"%d\",&pos);
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
i++;
}
if(pos>i)
{
printf(\"\ Over Limit\ \");
getch();
}
else
{
temp=start;
for(j=0;jnext;
}
printf(\"\ The value of position %d is :%c\",pos,temp->c);
getch();
}
}
int main()
{
int ch;
while(ch!=6)
{
printf(\"\ 1.Push\ \");
printf(\"2.Pop\ \");
printf(\"3.Peep\ \");
printf(\"4.Display\ \");
printf(\"5.exit\ \");
printf(\"Enter your choice:\");
scanf(\"%d\",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1: push();
break;
case 2: pop();
break;
case 3: peep();
break;
case 4: display();
break;
case 5: exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}.
Stacks
The document discusses stacks and their implementation using linked lists. It defines a stack as a last-in, first-out data structure that allows insertion and deletion of elements only at one end, called the top. Key stack operations like push, pop and peek are described along with their algorithms. Linked list and array implementations of stacks are presented. Common applications of stacks like balancing symbols, postfix notation calculators, and infix to postfix conversion are also covered.
Stack push pop
A stack is a linear data structure that follows the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Elements are added to the top of the stack and removed from the top. A pointer called the top pointer tracks the top element of the stack during push and pop operations. The push operation adds an element to the top of the stack, while the pop operation removes the top element. A stack can be implemented using either an array or linked list. The document then provides algorithms and sample code for implementing stack operations like push and pop on an array-based stack.
STACK.pptx
Stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In First Out) order. Elements can only be added or removed from one end called the top. There are four main operations on a stack: creation, insertion (push), deletion (pop), and displaying. Pushing adds an element to the top of the stack. Popping removes and returns the top element. The document provides examples of implementing these stack operations in C code using an array to represent the stack.
03 stacks and_queues_using_arrays
The document discusses stacks and their implementation and applications. Stacks are LIFO data structures that can be implemented using arrays. Key operations on stacks include push, pop, peek, isEmpty and isFull. Stacks have various applications including expression evaluation, recursion, function calls and memory management. Stacks can grow either upwards or downwards in the array.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions..pdf
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions.
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) -----> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Solution
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions.
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) -----> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq).
Let the discrete random variable X denote the number of times an ev.pdf
Let the discrete random variable X denote the number of times an event occurs in an interval of
time (or space). Then Xmay be a Poisson random variable with x = 0, 1, 2, ...
Solution
Let the discrete random variable X denote the number of times an event occurs in an interval of
time (or space). Then Xmay be a Poisson random variable with x = 0, 1, 2, ....
More Related Content
Similar to Given operation are push, pop, top, isEmptyLets assume that .pdf
DSA- Unit III- STACK AND QUEUE
Stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In First Out) principle. Elements can only be inserted and removed from one end called the top of the stack. Common stack operations include push to insert and pop to remove elements. Stack has numerous applications including converting infix expressions to postfix, evaluating postfix expressions, checking for balanced symbols, and managing function calls and returns through a call stack.
I have a stack in Java populated with integers. Im trying to compa.pdf
I have a stack in Java populated with integers. I\'m trying to compare the elements in the stack to
determine which is the largest. Basically, I enter the element at the top of the stack into e then
pop each element off the stack and check to see if it is greater than the value stored in e. How can
I check to see if the next element in the stack is greater than the element stored in e?
E e = stk1.peek();
while(!stk1.empty())
{
if(stk1.peek() > e)
{
e=stk1.peek();
}
Solution
Using recursive approach we can sort the stack and the top element of stack would be the largest
integer.
Algorithm:
Sorting stack elements:
Inserting elements in sorted order:
Illustration:
First pop all the elements from the stack and store poped element in variable \'temp\'. After
poping all the elements function\'s stack frame will look like:
Now stack is empty and \'insert_in_sorted_order()\' function is called and it inserts 30 (from
stack frame #5) at the bottom of the stack. Now stack looks like below:
Now next element i.e. -5 (from stack frame #4) is picked. Since -5 < 30, -5 is inserted at the
bottom of stack. Now stack becomes:
Next 18 (from stack frame #3) is picked. Since 18 < 30, 18 is inserted below 30. Now stack
becomes:
Next 14 (from stack frame #2) is picked. Since 14 < 30 and 14 < 18, it is inserted below 18. Now
stack becomes:
Now -3 (from stack frame #1) is picked, as -3 < 30 and -3 < 18 and -3 < 14, it is inserted below
14. Now stack becomes:
Implementation:
/**
* Stack is represented using linked list
*/
public class Stack extends NativeClass {
private final IntContainer data = new IntContainer(this, 1);
private final Container> next = new Container>(this, 1){};
public int getData() {
return data.get();
}
public int setData(int newData) {
return data.set(newData);
}
public Container getNext() {
return next.get();
}
public Container setNext(Container newNext) {
return next.set(newNext);
}
public static Container nnc(Container orig) {
return Container.nnc(new TypeInfo>(){}, orig);
}
/**
* Utility function to initialize stack
*/
public static void initStack(Container[] s) {
s[0] = null;
}
/**
* Utility function to chcek if stack is empty
*/
public static int isEmpty(Stack[] s) {
if(s == null) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Utility function to push an item to stack
*/
public static void push(Container[] s, int x) {
Container p = new Container(true, 1){};
p.get().setData(x);
p.get().setNext(s[0]);
s[0] = p;
}
/**
* Utility function to remove an item from stack
*/
public static int pop(Container[] s) {
int x;
Container temp;
x = s[0].get().getData();
temp = s[0];
s[0] = s[0].get().getNext();
nnc(temp).setNativeControlled(false);
return x;
}
/**
* Function to find top item
*/
public static int top(Stack[] s) {
return s[0].getData();
}
}
// Recursive function to insert an item x in sorted way
public static void sortedInsert(Container> s, int x) {
// Base case: Either stack is empty or newly inserted
// item is greater than top (more than all existing)
if(is.
04 stacks
1. The document discusses stacks and their implementation as a data structure. Stacks follow the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle and can be implemented using either arrays (static implementation) or linked lists (dynamic implementation).
2. Common stack operations like push, pop, peek and isEmpty are described along with their time complexities. Converting expressions from infix to postfix notation using stacks is also covered.
3. Examples of implementing stacks using arrays and linked lists in C programming language are provided, including functions for push, pop and traversal operations. Converting infix expressions to equivalent postfix forms using stack operations is demonstrated through examples.
2Bytesprog2 course_2014_c5_pointers
The document discusses pointers and static vs dynamic variables in programming. It then describes stacks and how to implement push and pop operations on a stack to add or remove elements. Examples are provided of using stacks to store characters of a string. The homework asks to evaluate an expression like ((1*(3+2))*1)+3 using a stack and the push/pop operations, with only one stack allowed.
Stack
The document discusses stacks, which are linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Elements are inserted and removed from only one end, called the top. Common stack operations are PUSH, which inserts an element at the top, and POP, which removes the top element. Stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Stacks have applications in recursion, expression evaluation, and showing operator precedence. Recursion uses stacks to call nested functions, with stack frames allowing data to come out in the correct order as frames are popped.
Data structures stacks
Stacks are linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Elements are added and removed from the top of the stack. Stacks have two main operations - Push, which adds an element to the top of the stack, and Pop, which removes an element from the top. Stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Compilers use stacks to convert infix arithmetic expressions to postfix notation and then evaluate the postfix expression. This process involves pushing and popping operators from the stack.
Help please, I have attached LinkedList.cpp and LinkedList.hPlease.pdf
The document provides code for implementing a stack using a linked list. It includes code for a LinkedList class with functions to manipulate a linked list like insert, remove, print etc. It also provides code snippets for a Stack class that inherits from LinkedList. The Stack class implements functions like push, pop and top to add/remove elements from the front of the linked list, mimicking a stack's LIFO behavior. The document asks to implement the Stack and LinkedList code to create a working stack using inheritance and linked list functions.
STACK.docx
The document defines functions for common stack operations like isEmpty, Push, Pop, and Show. It uses a list to represent the stack and tracks the top index. The main section runs an interactive menu where the user can push, pop, and show the stack.
Stacks queues
This document discusses data structures and algorithms for stacks and queues. It describes the common operations for stacks and queues like push, pop, enqueue, dequeue. It provides array-based and linked list-based implementations for both stacks and queues. For queues, it discusses two implementations using arrays: one using front and rear indexes, and another using a circular queue approach. The time complexities of common operations on stacks and queues are also analyzed.
To insert an element at given position in arrayInsert(stack s1, s.pdf
To insert an element at given position in array:
Insert(stack s1, stack s2, int value, int pos)
//Inserts a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
for i = 1 to pos - 1 //Till the pos-1
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
s1.push(value) //Now push your element in specified position pos.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
To delete an element at given position in array:
Delete(stack s1, stack s2, int pos)
//Deletes a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
for i = 1 to pos - 1 //Till the pos-1
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
s1.pop(value) //Now pop your element in specified position pos.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
To delete a given element in array:
DeleteVal(stack s1, stack s2, int value)
//Deletes a value from the array.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
ele = s2.peek();
while(ele != value || !s2.empty()) //Till you found the element to be deleted.
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
ele = s2.peek()
s2.pop(value) //If element is found, delete it.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
If you have any queries with this, just get back to me.
Solution
To insert an element at given position in array:
Insert(stack s1, stack s2, int value, int pos)
//Inserts a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By now, all elements are placed in reverse order from s1 to s2.
for i = 1 to pos - 1 //Till the pos-1
s1.push(s2.pop()) //Remove elements from s2, and push them to s1.
s1.push(value) //Now push your element in specified position pos.
while(!s2.empty()) //Push all the remaining elements in s2 to s1.
s1.push(s2.pop())
To delete an element at given position in array:
Delete(stack s1, stack s2, int pos)
//Deletes a value into the array at specified position.
//Assume s1 is a stack which holds the values, and s2 is an empty stack.
while(!s1.empty()) //Till the stack is empty.
s2.push(s1.pop()) //Pop element from s1, and push it in s2.
//By .
Lect 15-16 Zaheer Abbas
The document discusses stacks, which are linear data structures that only allow insertion and removal of elements from one end. Stacks follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. The basic stack operations are push, which adds an element to the top, and pop, which removes the top element. Stacks can overflow if full and underflow if empty. Stacks can be implemented using arrays, with a pointer tracking the top index. Pseudocode provides algorithms for push and pop operations on a stack implemented using an array.
Given the following ADT definition of a stack to use stack .docx
The document provides an abstract data type (ADT) definition for a queue. It includes common queue methods like clear(), isEmpty(), enqueue(), front(), dequeue(), and length(). The question asks to add additional member methods to an array-based queue implementation. Specifically, it provides an existing array-based queue class with attributes like allocSize, numItems, frontIndex, backIndex, and a dynamic items array representing the queue. The question asks to add member methods to this implementation.
Algo>Stacks
Stacks are a special type of list where insertions and deletions only occur at one end, called the top. There are two main types - static stacks have a fixed size and are implemented as arrays, while dynamic stacks can grow as needed and are implemented as linked lists. Common stack operations include push to insert at the top, pop to remove from the top, and functions to check if the stack is empty or return the top element. Stacks are useful data structures with LIFO (last in, first out) behavior and have various applications like implementing function call stacks in compilers.
Stack and Queue
The document discusses stacks and queues. It defines stacks as LIFO data structures and queues as FIFO data structures. It describes basic stack operations like push and pop and basic queue operations like enqueue and dequeue. It then discusses implementing stacks and queues using arrays and linked lists, outlining the key operations and memory requirements for each implementation.
Stacks
This document discusses stacks and their implementation and applications. It begins by defining a stack as a last-in, first-out data structure that stores elements in a particular order. It then discusses two common implementations of stacks using arrays and linked lists. Finally, it provides the classic example of the Towers of Hanoi problem, which can be solved recursively using stacks.
Develop a stack in c with dynamic memory allocation. Use the followi.pdf
Develop a stack in c with dynamic memory allocation. Use the following structure to create a
stack:t
typedef struct Element
{
char c;
struct Element *next;
} Element_Type, *Pointer_Type;
You need to develop the following functions:
1) push(): demands two arguemnts of which the first nominates a pointer. For example,
push(&x, ‘A’) to push ‘A’ onto stack X. You need to allocate memory for a new element.
2) pop(): pops and returns the element on the top of the stack and frees the memory space which
was occupied by the element.
3) peep(): simply returns the character value of the top element of the stack. No pointers are
disturbed.
4) displayAll(): prints all character values of all elements of the stack from top to bottom.
void push(Pointer_Type *q, char ch){……}
char pop(Pointer_Type *q){……}
char peep(Pointer_Type *q){……}
void displayAll(Pointer_Type *q){……}
Test your stack and all functions with at least 10 elements.
Solution
#include
#include
#include
struct Element
{
char c;
struct Element *next;
};
struct Element *start=NULL;
void push()
{
char ele;
struct Element *new_ele,*temp;
int i=0;
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
i++;
}
if(i==10)
{
printf(\"Stack Overflow\");
getch();
}
else
{
new_ele=(struct Element *)malloc(sizeof(struct Element));
printf(\"Enter value for Element: \");
scanf(\"%c\",&new_ele->c);
new_ele->next=start;
start=new_ele;
}
}
void pop()
{
struct Element *temp,*temp2;
int i=0;
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
i++;
}
if(i==0)
{
printf(\"Underflow\");
getch();
}
else
{
temp2=start->next;
start=temp2;
printf(\"\ ***The value has been poped***\ \");
}
}
void display()
{
struct Element *temp;
printf(\"\ ****Stack Values****\ \");
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
printf(\"%c\ \",temp->c);
}
getch();
}
void peep()
{
struct Element *temp;
int pos,i=0,j=0;
printf(\"Please enter the position number: \");
scanf(\"%d\",&pos);
for(temp=start;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)
{
i++;
}
if(pos>i)
{
printf(\"\ Over Limit\ \");
getch();
}
else
{
temp=start;
for(j=0;jnext;
}
printf(\"\ The value of position %d is :%c\",pos,temp->c);
getch();
}
}
int main()
{
int ch;
while(ch!=6)
{
printf(\"\ 1.Push\ \");
printf(\"2.Pop\ \");
printf(\"3.Peep\ \");
printf(\"4.Display\ \");
printf(\"5.exit\ \");
printf(\"Enter your choice:\");
scanf(\"%d\",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1: push();
break;
case 2: pop();
break;
case 3: peep();
break;
case 4: display();
break;
case 5: exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}.
Stacks
The document discusses stacks and their implementation using linked lists. It defines a stack as a last-in, first-out data structure that allows insertion and deletion of elements only at one end, called the top. Key stack operations like push, pop and peek are described along with their algorithms. Linked list and array implementations of stacks are presented. Common applications of stacks like balancing symbols, postfix notation calculators, and infix to postfix conversion are also covered.
Stack push pop
A stack is a linear data structure that follows the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Elements are added to the top of the stack and removed from the top. A pointer called the top pointer tracks the top element of the stack during push and pop operations. The push operation adds an element to the top of the stack, while the pop operation removes the top element. A stack can be implemented using either an array or linked list. The document then provides algorithms and sample code for implementing stack operations like push and pop on an array-based stack.
STACK.pptx
Stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In First Out) order. Elements can only be added or removed from one end called the top. There are four main operations on a stack: creation, insertion (push), deletion (pop), and displaying. Pushing adds an element to the top of the stack. Popping removes and returns the top element. The document provides examples of implementing these stack operations in C code using an array to represent the stack.
03 stacks and_queues_using_arrays
The document discusses stacks and their implementation and applications. Stacks are LIFO data structures that can be implemented using arrays. Key operations on stacks include push, pop, peek, isEmpty and isFull. Stacks have various applications including expression evaluation, recursion, function calls and memory management. Stacks can grow either upwards or downwards in the array.
Similar to Given operation are push, pop, top, isEmptyLets assume that .pdf (20)
I have a stack in Java populated with integers. Im trying to compa.pdf
I have a stack in Java populated with integers. Im trying to compa.pdf
Help please, I have attached LinkedList.cpp and LinkedList.hPlease.pdf
Help please, I have attached LinkedList.cpp and LinkedList.hPlease.pdf
To insert an element at given position in arrayInsert(stack s1, s.pdf
To insert an element at given position in arrayInsert(stack s1, s.pdf
Given the following ADT definition of a stack to use stack .docx
Given the following ADT definition of a stack to use stack .docx
Develop a stack in c with dynamic memory allocation. Use the followi.pdf
Develop a stack in c with dynamic memory allocation. Use the followi.pdf
More from anandanand521251
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions..pdf
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions.
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) -----> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Solution
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions.
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) -----> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq).
Let the discrete random variable X denote the number of times an ev.pdf
Let the discrete random variable X denote the number of times an event occurs in an interval of
time (or space). Then Xmay be a Poisson random variable with x = 0, 1, 2, ...
Solution
Let the discrete random variable X denote the number of times an event occurs in an interval of
time (or space). Then Xmay be a Poisson random variable with x = 0, 1, 2, ....
The reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric ac.pdf
The reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid in water: H2SO4 + 2 NaOH ?
Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
Solution
The reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid in water: H2SO4 + 2 NaOH ?
Na2SO4 + 2 H2O.
What is a constructorAns)A constructor is also type of method whi.pdf
What is a constructor?
Ans)A constructor is also type of method which will be called and executed at the time of
creation of an Object.By using default or zero argumented constructor,always we can initialize
the instance variables with default values.By using parameterized constructor we can initialize
the instance variables with different values.
________________________________________________
Why is Overloading useful in java?
Ans)
Overloading:
Writing two or more methods with the same name and same method signatures but with different
number of parameters in the same class is called overloading .
If we want to extends the available features of the class then we have to use overloading in java.
Like public int add(int x,int y);
public double add(doublex,double y);
here both the methods are performing the addition operation on two numbers.But based on the
type of data that we are passing the corresponding method will be called and getting executed.
If we pass two integer values as parameters then public int add(int x,int y) will be executed (or)
if we pass two double values as parameters then public double add(doublex,double y) method
will be executed.
We can achieve dynamic polymorphism by using method overloading.
//Default constructor
MyClass()
{
System.out.println(\"Inside MyClass().\");
x=0;
}
//Parameterized constructor
//Here we are calling the MyClass(int i) constructor by passing integer type value
MyClass(int i)
{
System.out.println(\"Inside MyClass(int).\");
x=i;
}
//Parameterized constructor
//Here we are calling the MyClass(double d) constructor by passing double type value
MyClass(double d)
{
System.out.println(\"Inside MyClass(double).\");
x=(int) d;
}
//Parameterized constructor
//Here we are calling the MyClass(int i,intj) constructor by passing two integer type //values
MyClass(int i, int j){
System.out.println(\"Inside MyClass(int,int).\");
x=i*j;
}
________________________________________________
What is a parameter?
Ans)Parameter is type of variable that we are passing as input to the method or constructor.
The method or constructor will perform internal operations by receiving the parameter value as
input.
________________________________________________
Does java use pass parameters by reference or by value ?
Ans)
Java will use pass by value.It wont uses pass by reference.Everything it passes by value.When
ever we are calling a method by passing arguments,java interally creates the copy of the variable
inside the original variable and pass those to the method as arguments.This is called pass by
value.There is no pass by reference in java.
_________________________________________
Part2:(Modified according to the requirement)
Override.java
class Override {
void ovlDemo(){
System.out.println(\"No parameters\");
}
//Override ovlDemo for one integer parameter.
void ovlDemo(int a) {
System.out.println(\"One parameter: \" + a);
}
//Override ovlDemo for two integer parameters.
int ovlDemo(int a, int b){
System.out.println(\".
d. The number of moles of O2 would increase. as t.pdf
d. The number of moles of O2 would increase. as the reaction goes backward
Solution
d. The number of moles of O2 would increase. as the reaction goes backward.
The main difference between DBA and Data Scientists 1) DBA stands.pdf
The main difference between DBA and Data Scientists:
1) DBA stands for Database Administrator.
2) Data Scientist is mainly referred as an Analyst.
3) Data engineers or DBA\'s deals with ETL(Extract/Load/Transform) .
4) Data Scientists deals with DAD(Discover/Access/Distill).
5) Sometimes data engineers may be doing DAD and some other time data scientists will be
dealing with the ETL.
6) Data engineers may be dealing with DAD because they may have a work to do on a statistical
analysis to optimize some database processes.
7) Whereas the Data scientists may be dealing with the database management to manage a
small,local database to obtain a better database without any exceptions.
According to the details asked, a data scientist can have a knowledge on Data because the steps
for DBA are:
1) Explore: Exploring the data (creating a data dictionary) cleaning (removing impurities),
refining of data.
2) Analyzing: statistical analyses in both automated and manual. Might or might nor require
statistical modeling.
3) Load: This is responsible for loading data into the database.
Solution
The main difference between DBA and Data Scientists:
1) DBA stands for Database Administrator.
2) Data Scientist is mainly referred as an Analyst.
3) Data engineers or DBA\'s deals with ETL(Extract/Load/Transform) .
4) Data Scientists deals with DAD(Discover/Access/Distill).
5) Sometimes data engineers may be doing DAD and some other time data scientists will be
dealing with the ETL.
6) Data engineers may be dealing with DAD because they may have a work to do on a statistical
analysis to optimize some database processes.
7) Whereas the Data scientists may be dealing with the database management to manage a
small,local database to obtain a better database without any exceptions.
According to the details asked, a data scientist can have a knowledge on Data because the steps
for DBA are:
1) Explore: Exploring the data (creating a data dictionary) cleaning (removing impurities),
refining of data.
2) Analyzing: statistical analyses in both automated and manual. Might or might nor require
statistical modeling.
3) Load: This is responsible for loading data into the database..
The encoding format of the given decimal numbers are as fallowsFor.pdf
The encoding format of the given decimal numbers are as fallows
For -5.2
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111011
For -5.1
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111011
For -5.0
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111011
For -4.9
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.8
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.7
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.6
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.5
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.4
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.3
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.2
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.1
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -4.0
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100
For -3.9
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.8
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.7
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.6
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.5
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.4
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.3
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.2
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.1
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -3.0
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101
For -2.9
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.8
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.7
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.6
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.5
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.4
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.3
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.2
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.1
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -2.0
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
For -1.9
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
For -1.8
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
For -1.7
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
For -1.6
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
For -1.5
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
For -1.4
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
For -1.3
1111111111111111111111111111111111111.
Carbon dioxide enters the waters of the ocean by .pdf
Carbon dioxide enters the waters of the ocean by simple diffusion. Once dissolved
in seawater, the carbon dioxide can remain as is or can be converted into carbonate (CO3-2) or
bicarbonate (HCO3-). When CO2 enters the ocean, carbonic acid is formed: CO2 + H2O ?
H2CO3 This reaction has a forward and reverse rate. These two reqctions achieve a chemical
equilibrium in which they both occur at equal rates, thus mainting a relatively stable ratio of CO2
to H2CO3. Another reaction that is important in controlling the acidity (i.e. pH levels) of the
oceans is the release of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate: H2CO3 ? H+ + HCO3- This reaction
buffers seawater against large changes in pH. Certain forms of sea life biologically fix
bicarbonate with calcium (Ca+2) to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This substance is used
to produce shells and other hard body parts by organisms such as coral, clams, oysters, some
protozoa, and some algae. When these organisms die, their shells and body parts sink to the
ocean floor where they accumulate as carbonate-rich deposits. After long periods of time, these
deposits are physically and chemically altered into sedimentary rocks. Ocean deposits are by far
the biggest sink of carbon on the plane
Solution
Carbon dioxide enters the waters of the ocean by simple diffusion. Once dissolved
in seawater, the carbon dioxide can remain as is or can be converted into carbonate (CO3-2) or
bicarbonate (HCO3-). When CO2 enters the ocean, carbonic acid is formed: CO2 + H2O ?
H2CO3 This reaction has a forward and reverse rate. These two reqctions achieve a chemical
equilibrium in which they both occur at equal rates, thus mainting a relatively stable ratio of CO2
to H2CO3. Another reaction that is important in controlling the acidity (i.e. pH levels) of the
oceans is the release of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate: H2CO3 ? H+ + HCO3- This reaction
buffers seawater against large changes in pH. Certain forms of sea life biologically fix
bicarbonate with calcium (Ca+2) to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This substance is used
to produce shells and other hard body parts by organisms such as coral, clams, oysters, some
protozoa, and some algae. When these organisms die, their shells and body parts sink to the
ocean floor where they accumulate as carbonate-rich deposits. After long periods of time, these
deposits are physically and chemically altered into sedimentary rocks. Ocean deposits are by far
the biggest sink of carbon on the plane.
In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which allows an .pdf
In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system\'s
information assurance. Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility
or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw.[1] To exploit a
vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a
system weakness. In this frame, vulnerability is also known as the attack surface.
Vulnerabilities are flaws in computer software that create weaknesses in your computer or
network’s overall security. Vulnerabilities can also be created by improper computer or security
configurations. Threats exploit the weaknesses of vulnerabilities, resulting in potential damage to
the computer or its data.
The impact of a security breach can be very high. The fact that IT managers, or upper
management, can (easily) know that IT systems and applications have vulnerabilities and do not
perform any action to manage the IT risk is seen as a misconduct in most legislations.
Intrusion detection system is an example of a class of systems used to detect attacks. Some sets
of criteria to be satisfied by a computer, its operating system and applications in order to meet a
good security level have been developed: ITSEC and Common criteria are two examples.
Vulnerability falls under security like computer security, network security,etc.
How to mitigate the risk
§ Install Anti-Virus Software.
Ensure that reputable anti-virus software is installed on all computers. This should include all
servers, PCs and laptops. If employees use computers at home for business use or to remotely
access the network, these PCs should also have anti-virus software installed.
§ Ensure that the anti-virus software is up to date.
Everyday new computer viruses are being released and it is essential that businesses are
protected from these viruses by keeping the anti-virus software up to date. If possible, companies
should look at policies whereby computers that do not have the most up to date anti-virus
software installed are not allowed to connect to the network.
§ Employ a firewall to protect networks.
As computer viruses can spread by means other than email, it is important that unwanted traffic
is blocked from entering the network by using a firewall. For users that use computers for
business away from the protection of the company’s network, such as home PCs or laptops, a
personal firewall should be installed to ensure the computer is protected.
§ Filter all email traffic.
All incoming and outgoing email should be filtered for computer viruses. This filter should
ideally be at the perimeter of the network to prevent computer viruses. Emails with certain file
attachments commonly used by computer viruses to spread themselves, such as .EXE, .COM and
.SCR files, should also be prevented from entering the network.
§ Educate all users to be careful of suspicious e-mails.
Ensure that all users know to .
QuestionEvaluate lim as x approaches infinity 2x-11+2xSolution.pdf
Question:
Evaluate lim as x approaches infinity 2x-1/1+2x
Solution
:
lim x-> (2x-1)/(2x+1)
first we divide both numerator and denominator by 2x
we get
lim x-> (1-1/2x)/(1+1/2x)
as x-> we have 1/2x tend to zero
so
= (1-0)/(1+0)
= 1/1
= 1
so limit value is 1.
Option (E) Pb is the correct answer.This is because lead occurs in.pdf
Option (E) Pb is the correct answer.
This is because lead occurs in solid state at normal temerature but in the liquid state at higher
temperature. in the liquid state, the liquid molecules have greater attraction between the
molecules in each other i.e. have stronger cohesion. Thus, lead liquid is likely to have the highest
surface tension.
Solution
Option (E) Pb is the correct answer.
This is because lead occurs in solid state at normal temerature but in the liquid state at higher
temperature. in the liquid state, the liquid molecules have greater attraction between the
molecules in each other i.e. have stronger cohesion. Thus, lead liquid is likely to have the highest
surface tension..
NH4+ is acid as it give a proton tobecome NH3, a baseNO2- is a bas.pdf
NH4+ is acid as it give a proton tobecome NH3, a base
NO2- is a base as it can take a protonto become HNO2 , an acid
HCO3- is a base as it can take proton tobecome an acid, H2CO3
HS- is a base as it can take a proton to become anacid, H2S
H3O+ is an acid
F- is a base as it can take a proton to become HF,an acid
HS- is a base as it can take a proton to become anacid, H2S
H3O+ is an acid
F- is a base as it can take a proton to become HF,an acid
Solution
NH4+ is acid as it give a proton tobecome NH3, a base
NO2- is a base as it can take a protonto become HNO2 , an acid
HCO3- is a base as it can take proton tobecome an acid, H2CO3
HS- is a base as it can take a proton to become anacid, H2S
H3O+ is an acid
F- is a base as it can take a proton to become HF,an acid
HS- is a base as it can take a proton to become anacid, H2S
H3O+ is an acid
F- is a base as it can take a proton to become HF,an acid.
Jessica and Leah bought identical boxes of stationary. Leah used her.pdf
Jessica and Leah bought identical boxes of stationary. Leah used hers to write one sheet letters
and Jessica uses hers to write two page letters. Leah used all her envelopes and had 20 sheets left
over. Jessica used all her sheets and had 13 envelopes left over. How many envelopes were there
in each box?
Leah --> each letter was of 1 sheet
Jess --> Each letter was of 2 sheets
Say each stat box has x envelopes and y sheets
LEah used all envelopes and had 20 sheets left over
Since LEah needs only 1 sheet per envelope, we have the eqution :
y = x + 20 ---> ONE
Jessica used all her sheets and had 13 envelopes left over
Jess uses 2 sheets per envelope
So, she used (x - 13) envelopes for her 2y sheets
y = 2(x - 13)
y = 2x - 26 --> TWO
From ONE and TWO :
x + 20 = 2x - 26
x = 46
y = x + 20
y = 46 + 20
y = 66
So, we have 46 envelopes and 66 sheets
So, we have 46 envelopes in each box ---> ANSWER
Solution
Jessica and Leah bought identical boxes of stationary. Leah used hers to write one sheet letters
and Jessica uses hers to write two page letters. Leah used all her envelopes and had 20 sheets left
over. Jessica used all her sheets and had 13 envelopes left over. How many envelopes were there
in each box?
Leah --> each letter was of 1 sheet
Jess --> Each letter was of 2 sheets
Say each stat box has x envelopes and y sheets
LEah used all envelopes and had 20 sheets left over
Since LEah needs only 1 sheet per envelope, we have the eqution :
y = x + 20 ---> ONE
Jessica used all her sheets and had 13 envelopes left over
Jess uses 2 sheets per envelope
So, she used (x - 13) envelopes for her 2y sheets
y = 2(x - 13)
y = 2x - 26 --> TWO
From ONE and TWO :
x + 20 = 2x - 26
x = 46
y = x + 20
y = 46 + 20
y = 66
So, we have 46 envelopes and 66 sheets
So, we have 46 envelopes in each box ---> ANSWER.
ln e^35applying logarithmic property35 ln eln e = 135 1.pdf
ln e^3/5
applying logarithmic property
3/5 ln e
ln e = 1
3/5 * 1 = 3/5
therefore , ln e^3/5 = 3/5
Solution
ln e^3/5
applying logarithmic property
3/5 ln e
ln e = 1
3/5 * 1 = 3/5
therefore , ln e^3/5 = 3/5.
hi,Now its clear,I had gone through all your solution and it is co.pdf
hi,
Now its clear,I had gone through all your solution and it is correct.
Solution
hi,
Now its clear,I had gone through all your solution and it is correct..
falsethey have volume but no shapeSolutionfalsethey have v.pdf
This document does not contain any meaningful information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It consists of the word "false" repeated twice without any other context.
C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, .pdf
C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, framing, media access, and
physical addressing.
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is incorrect because the Transport layer is responsible for
segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end data delivery. B is incorrect because the
Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. D is incorrect because the
Physical layer is responsible for encoding bits onto the media.
Solution
C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, framing, media access, and
physical addressing.
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is incorrect because the Transport layer is responsible for
segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end data delivery. B is incorrect because the
Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. D is incorrect because the
Physical layer is responsible for encoding bits onto the media..
AnswerThe hormones and structuresorgansPituitary glandFemal.pdf
Answer:
The hormones and structures/organs:
Pituitary gland
Female reproductive organs, fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus
Anatomy & layout of pituitary:
In vertebrates, this is the endocrine gland with no ducts and looking like a small pea weighing
0.5 grams. It has anatomically protruded from hypothalamus & referred as “hypophysis” at the
base of brain. This gland is meticulously rests on hypophysial fossa & center to the middle
cranial fossa attaché to sphenoid bone & bony cavity i.e. sella tercica.
It composed of three main lobes:
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis): release stress hormones, growth hormones, FSH, LH
Intermediate lobe: cell synthesize melanocyte-stimulating hormone release into blood portal
system
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis): This is connected to hypothalamus as described below
with median eminence, releases vasopressin, oxytocin
Gonadotrophin releaseing hormone (GnRH) formally released from GnRH neurons located
within the hypothalamus. This hormone travels through hypophyseal portal system and
stimulates adenohypophysis of pituitary gland to release gonadotrophins such as, androgen
release (testosterone synthesis hormones) follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone
(LH).
Positive feedback mechanism is defined as the output response produced by the activity of input
signal trough a specific amount of stimulus on the organ during the process of homeostasis.
Positive feedback in isolation is not sufficient to maintain homeostasis because of set point
alterations triggered by the stimulus.
Positive feedback cycle in reproductive cycle: Female reproductive system controlled by the two
phases predominantly one follicular phase from day 1 to day 14 and in this phase, follicle growth
is going be observed controlled by follicle stimulating hormone. The predominant stages
involved here primordial ell become primary followed by secondary in which one will mature
one with structures such as zona pellucida, theca follicle along with estrogen formed at day 6.
Feedback mechanism involves the following events
Stimulus: It produced on effector cells and this variable be regulated
Receptor activity: The stimulus activates receptors such as nuclear receptors to trigger gene
expression
Input via afferent nerves: Information passes through afferent nerves to the control center
Output via efferent nerves: Output effect produce by the control center via efferent pathway
Response: Finally, response in the form of either positive or negative produced via cellular
organs
Ovulation takes place on day 14 due to the stimulus given by leutinizing hormone.
Higher levels of estrogen are during the last follicular phase produces a positive feedback
mechanism on leutinizing hormone and gonadotrophic hormone and further leading to formation
of corpus luteum.
Hormones such as gonadotrophins (FSH, LH) released from the anterior pituitary are responsible
for the regulation of ovarian and uterine menstruation cycle further leading to elev.
a) Pronciples that guarantee high cache rateb) Types of cache for.pdf
a) Pronciples that guarantee high cache rate:
b) Types of cache for writing: Cache is a technique used for storing a copy of data temporarily in
rapidly accessible storage area known as memory. Different types of cache used for writing are:
Solution
a) Pronciples that guarantee high cache rate:
b) Types of cache for writing: Cache is a technique used for storing a copy of data temporarily in
rapidly accessible storage area known as memory. Different types of cache used for writing are:.
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falsethey have volume but no shapeSolutionfalsethey have v.pdf
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Given operation are push, pop, top, isEmptyLets assume that .pdf
- 1. Given operation are: push, pop, top, isEmpty Lets assume that 'S' is given stack 1. Set num to the second element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack without its top elements. setSecondElement(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()) print "stack is empty" S.pop() if(S.isEmpty()) print "stack is empty" num = S.top() 2. Given an integer n, set the nth element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setNthWithoutChange(S, num, n): create tempStack // popping first n elements from S and pushing into temp stack for i=1 to n: if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack contains less element than n" break; tempStack.push(S.pop()) // if we have sufficient elements if i==n : num= tempStack.top() // pop all elements from tempstack and push back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()): S.push(tempStack.pop()) 3. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack empty. setBottomElementWithChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack is empty" else: num = S.pop() // setting first element to num
- 2. while(!S.isEmpty()) num = S.pop() 4. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setBottomElementWithoutChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack is empty" else: create a tempStack while(!S.isEmpty()) tempStack.push(S.pop()) num = tempStack.top() // pushing back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) S.push(tempStack.pop()) 5. Set num to the nth element from the bottom of the stack leaving the stack unchanged. if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack is empty" else: create a tempStack while(!S.isEmpty()) tempStack.push(S.pop()) int count = 0; while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) temp = tempStack.pop() count = count + 1 if(count == n) num = temp S.push(temp) if count < n: print "stack do not have sufficient element" Solution Given operation are: push, pop, top, isEmpty Lets assume that 'S' is given stack
- 3. 1. Set num to the second element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack without its top elements. setSecondElement(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()) print "stack is empty" S.pop() if(S.isEmpty()) print "stack is empty" num = S.top() 2. Given an integer n, set the nth element from the top of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setNthWithoutChange(S, num, n): create tempStack // popping first n elements from S and pushing into temp stack for i=1 to n: if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack contains less element than n" break; tempStack.push(S.pop()) // if we have sufficient elements if i==n : num= tempStack.top() // pop all elements from tempstack and push back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()): S.push(tempStack.pop()) 3. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack empty. setBottomElementWithChange(S, num): if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack is empty" else: num = S.pop() // setting first element to num while(!S.isEmpty()) num = S.pop() 4. Set num to the bottom element of the stack, leaving the stack unchanged. setBottomElementWithoutChange(S, num):
- 4. if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack is empty" else: create a tempStack while(!S.isEmpty()) tempStack.push(S.pop()) num = tempStack.top() // pushing back into S while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) S.push(tempStack.pop()) 5. Set num to the nth element from the bottom of the stack leaving the stack unchanged. if(S.isEmpty()): print "stack is empty" else: create a tempStack while(!S.isEmpty()) tempStack.push(S.pop()) int count = 0; while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) temp = tempStack.pop() count = count + 1 if(count == n) num = temp S.push(temp) if count < n: print "stack do not have sufficient element"