GINGIVITIS
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Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease caused by bacterial buildup that results in red, swollen, and bleeding gums. It is usually caused by poor dental hygiene, smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, or a family history of dental disease. Symptoms include bleeding gums, mouth sores, bad breath, and swollen gums. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, pain medication, mouthwashes, improving oral hygiene, nutrition, and preventing further bacterial buildup.
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GLOSSITIS
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue that causes swelling, color, and texture changes. There are two main types: acute glossitis appears suddenly with severe symptoms, while chronic glossitis recurs and may be caused by an underlying condition. People at risk include those with mouth injuries, who eat spicy foods, wear ill-fitting dentures, have herpes or immune disorders, or have low iron or food allergies. Diagnosis involves examination for mouth abnormalities and testing saliva and blood samples. Treatment consists of antibiotics if bacteria are present or topical steroids to reduce redness and soreness.
Pyorrhea
Pyorrhoea, also known as periodontitis, is a bacterial infection of the gums and tissues around the teeth that leads to gum disease and tooth loss if left untreated. It is caused by a combination of factors like traumatic occlusion, poor dental hygiene, and modern diet. Symptoms include bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene. Complications of advanced pyorrhoea include tooth loss, bone destruction, and systemic infections. Home remedies and maintaining good oral hygiene through brushing and cleaning can help prevent and treat pyorrhoea.
Gingivitis
The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they
become. The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called
“gingivitis.” In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed
easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be
reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a
dentist or dental hygienist. This form of gum disease does not include
any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place.
Glossitis
This document discusses glossitis, or inflammation of the tongue. Glossitis can be primary, caused by things like infections, mechanical irritation, or allergies. Or it can be secondary, caused by underlying conditions like iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B deficiency, oral lichen planus, or syphilis. Symptoms include tongue swelling, color changes, soreness, and difficulty speaking, swallowing, or chewing. Diagnosis involves examination and sometimes blood tests. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation with good oral hygiene, steroids, antibiotics/antifungals if an infection is present, and treating any underlying deficiencies. Resolution is usually rapid but complications can include discomfort, airway obstruction, difficulty swallowing or speaking
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a form of gum disease characterised by reversible gingival inflammation without destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal ligament or bone
Gingivitis
This document discusses gingivitis, including its classification, clinical features, etiology, and management. Gingivitis can be classified based on its course (acute, recurrent, chronic) or distribution (localized or generalized). Clinical features include bleeding, color changes, consistency changes, and position changes in the gums. Gingivitis is caused by factors like plaque, genetics, medications, and systemic diseases. Management involves treating symptoms, diagnosing through examination, preventing further issues through proper oral hygiene like brushing and flossing, and treating existing inflammation.
Parotitis
Parotitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection, resulting in swelling, redness, and soreness of the glands and surrounding tissues. There are four main types: acute bacterial parotitis, which causes erythema, pain, swelling, tenderness and pus discharge from the gland; chronic recurrent parotitis; viral parotitis; and recurrent parotitis in children. Symptoms include bad taste, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, face pain, fever, swelling in the jaw, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing in severe cases.
Pyorrhea types, causes, symptoms (1)
Pyorrhea, also known as periodontitis, is a serious gum infection caused by bacterial plaque that leads to damage of gums, ligaments and bone if left untreated. It causes symptoms like bleeding gums, bad breath and loose teeth. There are different types including chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, certain illnesses and genetics. Prevention involves brushing teeth twice daily, regular dental visits, and proper hygiene through scaling and root planing.
Recommended
GLOSSITIS
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue that causes swelling, color, and texture changes. There are two main types: acute glossitis appears suddenly with severe symptoms, while chronic glossitis recurs and may be caused by an underlying condition. People at risk include those with mouth injuries, who eat spicy foods, wear ill-fitting dentures, have herpes or immune disorders, or have low iron or food allergies. Diagnosis involves examination for mouth abnormalities and testing saliva and blood samples. Treatment consists of antibiotics if bacteria are present or topical steroids to reduce redness and soreness.
Pyorrhea
Pyorrhoea, also known as periodontitis, is a bacterial infection of the gums and tissues around the teeth that leads to gum disease and tooth loss if left untreated. It is caused by a combination of factors like traumatic occlusion, poor dental hygiene, and modern diet. Symptoms include bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene. Complications of advanced pyorrhoea include tooth loss, bone destruction, and systemic infections. Home remedies and maintaining good oral hygiene through brushing and cleaning can help prevent and treat pyorrhoea.
Gingivitis
The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they
become. The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called
“gingivitis.” In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed
easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be
reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a
dentist or dental hygienist. This form of gum disease does not include
any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place.
Glossitis
This document discusses glossitis, or inflammation of the tongue. Glossitis can be primary, caused by things like infections, mechanical irritation, or allergies. Or it can be secondary, caused by underlying conditions like iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B deficiency, oral lichen planus, or syphilis. Symptoms include tongue swelling, color changes, soreness, and difficulty speaking, swallowing, or chewing. Diagnosis involves examination and sometimes blood tests. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation with good oral hygiene, steroids, antibiotics/antifungals if an infection is present, and treating any underlying deficiencies. Resolution is usually rapid but complications can include discomfort, airway obstruction, difficulty swallowing or speaking
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a form of gum disease characterised by reversible gingival inflammation without destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal ligament or bone
Gingivitis
This document discusses gingivitis, including its classification, clinical features, etiology, and management. Gingivitis can be classified based on its course (acute, recurrent, chronic) or distribution (localized or generalized). Clinical features include bleeding, color changes, consistency changes, and position changes in the gums. Gingivitis is caused by factors like plaque, genetics, medications, and systemic diseases. Management involves treating symptoms, diagnosing through examination, preventing further issues through proper oral hygiene like brushing and flossing, and treating existing inflammation.
Parotitis
Parotitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection, resulting in swelling, redness, and soreness of the glands and surrounding tissues. There are four main types: acute bacterial parotitis, which causes erythema, pain, swelling, tenderness and pus discharge from the gland; chronic recurrent parotitis; viral parotitis; and recurrent parotitis in children. Symptoms include bad taste, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, face pain, fever, swelling in the jaw, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing in severe cases.
Pyorrhea types, causes, symptoms (1)
Pyorrhea, also known as periodontitis, is a serious gum infection caused by bacterial plaque that leads to damage of gums, ligaments and bone if left untreated. It causes symptoms like bleeding gums, bad breath and loose teeth. There are different types including chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, certain illnesses and genetics. Prevention involves brushing teeth twice daily, regular dental visits, and proper hygiene through scaling and root planing.
stomatitis, gingivitis, glositis
This document discusses several disorders of the oral cavity including stomatitis, gingivitis, and glossitis. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth lining that can be caused by chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, or other factors. Symptoms include pain, sores, fever and irritability. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and pain. Gingivitis is a non-destructive gum disease caused by plaque, diseases like diabetes, drugs, or smoking. Symptoms include swollen or bleeding gums. Prevention relies on good oral hygiene habits. Glossitis refers to tongue inflammation that can cause swelling, color changes, and texture changes. It has several types and causes including infections, mechanical irritation, nutritional deficiencies
Gingivitis
The document discusses gingivitis, which is a mild gum disease caused by plaque and bacteria that can irritate the gums. It explains the causes and symptoms of gingivitis, as well as the treatment which involves removing plaque through brushing and flossing daily. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings are important to prevent gingivitis from worsening and potentially leading to more serious gum disease.
halitosis.ppt
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on halitosis (bad breath). It defines halitosis and provides its history, epidemiology, classification, etiology, association with periodontal disease, diagnosis methods, and treatment approaches. Key causes of halitosis include oral diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis which produce volatile sulfur compounds from bacterial breakdown of proteins. Diagnosis involves self-assessment tests and objective tests like organoleptic measurement, gas chromatography, and sulfide monitoring. Treatment focuses on mechanical and chemical approaches to reduce oral bacteria and volatile compounds through techniques like tongue cleaning, tooth brushing, and using mouthwashes.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the most common form of gingival disease and is caused by bacterial infection resulting in inflammation of the gingival tissue. The characteristics of gingivitis include redness, swelling, bleeding upon provocation, and a change in consistency but no loss of attachment or bone loss. Gingivitis can be classified as dental plaque-induced or non-plaque induced. Dental plaque-induced gingivitis can be modified by local factors, systemic factors, medications, or malnutrition. Non-plaque induced gingivitis can result from bacterial, viral, fungal infections or genetic conditions.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a non-destructive periodontal disease caused by bacterial biofilms (plaque) on tooth surfaces. It is characterized by swollen, red or purple gums that bleed easily. While gingivitis is reversible with improved oral hygiene, it can progress to periodontitis if left untreated. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, stress, certain medical conditions and medications. Gingivitis is treated by removing the bacterial plaque through regular brushing, flossing and professional cleanings.
Halitosis
The document discusses halitosis or bad breath, providing definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and management. It describes how bad breath is caused by certain bacteria in the mouth which produce volatile sulfur compounds, and discusses various oral, systemic and lifestyle factors that can contribute to bad breath. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes through improved oral hygiene, dietary modifications, and medical or dental interventions when necessary.
stomatitis.pptx
The oral cavity consists of the lips, gums, tongue, salivary glands, and teeth. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth that can affect the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. Stomatitis can be caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, trauma, poor dental hygiene, smoking, dehydration, or burns. Symptoms include pain, sores or ulcers in the mouth, fever, irritability, blisters, swollen gums, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and foul breath. Treatment involves medical management with mouthwashes or analgesics, as well as maintaining good oral hygiene, a bland diet
Stomatitis (AHN)
This document discusses stomatitis, an inflammation of the mouth lining. It defines stomatitis and lists its common causes such as infections, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and radiation/chemotherapy. The main signs and symptoms include pain, ulcers, and bleeding in the mouth. It describes different types of stomatitis like aphthous, angular, and denture-related stomatitis. The management involves coating agents, mouthwashes, analgesics, and topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
Cheilitis
This document discusses cheilitis, which is inflammation of the lips. It describes several types of cheilitis including: chapped lips caused by cold or dry winds; eczematous cheilitis involving the lips secondarily to atopic dermatitis; contact cheilitis caused by irritating chemicals; drug-induced cheilitis caused by medications like isotretinoin; infective cheilitis caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites; and angular cheilitis involving the corners of the mouth often due to Candida infection. Nutritional deficiencies, mechanical factors like ill-fitting dentures, and actinic exposure can also cause cheilitis. Diagnosis and treatment depend on the underlying cause
Dental caries
Dental caries, also known as cavities, is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and starches, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel over time. For caries to develop, three factors are required: a susceptible tooth, a diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, and certain cariogenic bacteria. The two main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Dental plaque protects these bacteria and allows them to concentrate on the tooth surface, leading to demineralization if acid attacks are frequent due to a sugary diet. Saliva helps protect teeth from decay by neutralizing acids and providing minerals, but its protective properties are reduced if saliv
Pharyngitis converted
This document discusses pharyngitis, or sore throat, which can be either acute or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses like adenovirus or bacteria like streptococcus. It causes symptoms like a painful throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent inflammation that can be caused by irritants like dust or smoking and is characterized by white patches in the throat. Both can be diagnosed through exams, tests, and cultures. Acute pharyngitis is usually treated with antibiotics, analgesics, or gargles while chronic pharyngitis focuses on symptom relief through avoiding irritants and medications.
Gingivitis presentation
All about gingivitis
*definition
*classification
*signs and symptoms
*causes
*diagnosis
*treatment
*complications
*preventions
Dental Abscess
A dental abscess (also termed a dentoalveolar abscess, tooth abscess or root abscess), is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth.
For more information, you can book an appointment at
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
• Google+ link: https://goo.gl/vqAmvr
• Facebook link: https://goo.gl/tui98A
• Youtube link: https://goo.gl/mk7jfm
• Linkedin link: https://goo.gl/PrPgpB
• Slideshare link : http://goo.gl/0HY6ep
• Twitter Page : https://goo.gl/tohkcI
• Instagram page : https://goo.gl/OOGVig
Enteritis
Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine that is usually caused by contaminated food or drink containing pathogens. Common causes include norovirus, rotavirus, and salmonella. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, stool and blood tests. Treatment focuses on rehydration and antibiotics for infectious causes.
Halitosis
Halitosis, or bad breath, is caused by bacterial breakdown of foods and fluids in the mouth. It has local oral causes like gum disease, dental issues, and tongue coating from poor oral hygiene. It can also have systemic non-oral causes like respiratory and digestive infections. Halitosis is diagnosed through patient history, oral examination, and odor detection tests. Treatment focuses on reducing oral bacteria through improved hygiene, brushing, flossing, tongue scraping, and antimicrobial mouthwashes or gels. Management of any underlying medical conditions may also be needed.
Oral candidiasis
This document discusses oral candidiasis, caused by the yeast Candida albicans. It presents various classifications and investigations for candidiasis, including smears, swabs, and cultures. Management involves identifying predisposing factors and using topical or systemic antifungal drugs like amphotericin B, nystatin, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole or miconazole. For HIV patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is recommended along with antifungal drugs to treat oral candidiasis.
Dental caries
Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease that causes demineralization and destruction of tooth structure. It is characterized by the interaction of bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates like sugar, and time. Three main factors must be present for caries to develop: susceptible tooth surfaces, diet high in sugars, and cariogenic bacteria. While it was once considered a disease of modern civilization, evidence from prehistoric skulls shows the earliest occurrences of caries coincided with the development of agriculture and consumption of starchy crops. Modern theories emphasize the role of dental plaque in localizing acid production and preventing remineralization by saliva.
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This document discusses various types of neuralgias, focusing on trigeminal neuralgia. It defines neuralgia as severe pain along a nerve distribution. The main types discussed are trigeminal, paratrigeminal, sphenopalatine, glossopharyngeal, geniculate, occipital and postherpetic neuralgias. Trigeminal neuralgia is described as the most common and involves sudden, severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Causes, clinical features, investigations, management including pharmacological treatments and surgeries are summarized for each type of neuralgia.
Rhinitis
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens
Aphthous ulcers
This document summarizes recurrent aphthous stomatitis (canker sores). It defines the condition as recurring ulcers confined to the oral mucosa with no signs of systemic disease. It describes the three main types (minor, major, herpetiform), their clinical features, histopathology, associated syndromes, differential diagnosis, and treatments which include topical steroids, antimicrobial mouthwashes, analgesics, and intralesional steroid injections. The conclusion emphasizes that recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common oral ulcers with three subtypes, unknown etiology, and palliative treatment of lesions.
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stomatitis, gingivitis, glositis
This document discusses several disorders of the oral cavity including stomatitis, gingivitis, and glossitis. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth lining that can be caused by chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, or other factors. Symptoms include pain, sores, fever and irritability. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and pain. Gingivitis is a non-destructive gum disease caused by plaque, diseases like diabetes, drugs, or smoking. Symptoms include swollen or bleeding gums. Prevention relies on good oral hygiene habits. Glossitis refers to tongue inflammation that can cause swelling, color changes, and texture changes. It has several types and causes including infections, mechanical irritation, nutritional deficiencies
Gingivitis
The document discusses gingivitis, which is a mild gum disease caused by plaque and bacteria that can irritate the gums. It explains the causes and symptoms of gingivitis, as well as the treatment which involves removing plaque through brushing and flossing daily. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings are important to prevent gingivitis from worsening and potentially leading to more serious gum disease.
halitosis.ppt
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on halitosis (bad breath). It defines halitosis and provides its history, epidemiology, classification, etiology, association with periodontal disease, diagnosis methods, and treatment approaches. Key causes of halitosis include oral diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis which produce volatile sulfur compounds from bacterial breakdown of proteins. Diagnosis involves self-assessment tests and objective tests like organoleptic measurement, gas chromatography, and sulfide monitoring. Treatment focuses on mechanical and chemical approaches to reduce oral bacteria and volatile compounds through techniques like tongue cleaning, tooth brushing, and using mouthwashes.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the most common form of gingival disease and is caused by bacterial infection resulting in inflammation of the gingival tissue. The characteristics of gingivitis include redness, swelling, bleeding upon provocation, and a change in consistency but no loss of attachment or bone loss. Gingivitis can be classified as dental plaque-induced or non-plaque induced. Dental plaque-induced gingivitis can be modified by local factors, systemic factors, medications, or malnutrition. Non-plaque induced gingivitis can result from bacterial, viral, fungal infections or genetic conditions.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a non-destructive periodontal disease caused by bacterial biofilms (plaque) on tooth surfaces. It is characterized by swollen, red or purple gums that bleed easily. While gingivitis is reversible with improved oral hygiene, it can progress to periodontitis if left untreated. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, stress, certain medical conditions and medications. Gingivitis is treated by removing the bacterial plaque through regular brushing, flossing and professional cleanings.
Halitosis
The document discusses halitosis or bad breath, providing definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and management. It describes how bad breath is caused by certain bacteria in the mouth which produce volatile sulfur compounds, and discusses various oral, systemic and lifestyle factors that can contribute to bad breath. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes through improved oral hygiene, dietary modifications, and medical or dental interventions when necessary.
stomatitis.pptx
The oral cavity consists of the lips, gums, tongue, salivary glands, and teeth. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth that can affect the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. Stomatitis can be caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, trauma, poor dental hygiene, smoking, dehydration, or burns. Symptoms include pain, sores or ulcers in the mouth, fever, irritability, blisters, swollen gums, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and foul breath. Treatment involves medical management with mouthwashes or analgesics, as well as maintaining good oral hygiene, a bland diet
Stomatitis (AHN)
This document discusses stomatitis, an inflammation of the mouth lining. It defines stomatitis and lists its common causes such as infections, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and radiation/chemotherapy. The main signs and symptoms include pain, ulcers, and bleeding in the mouth. It describes different types of stomatitis like aphthous, angular, and denture-related stomatitis. The management involves coating agents, mouthwashes, analgesics, and topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
Cheilitis
This document discusses cheilitis, which is inflammation of the lips. It describes several types of cheilitis including: chapped lips caused by cold or dry winds; eczematous cheilitis involving the lips secondarily to atopic dermatitis; contact cheilitis caused by irritating chemicals; drug-induced cheilitis caused by medications like isotretinoin; infective cheilitis caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites; and angular cheilitis involving the corners of the mouth often due to Candida infection. Nutritional deficiencies, mechanical factors like ill-fitting dentures, and actinic exposure can also cause cheilitis. Diagnosis and treatment depend on the underlying cause
Dental caries
Dental caries, also known as cavities, is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and starches, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel over time. For caries to develop, three factors are required: a susceptible tooth, a diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, and certain cariogenic bacteria. The two main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Dental plaque protects these bacteria and allows them to concentrate on the tooth surface, leading to demineralization if acid attacks are frequent due to a sugary diet. Saliva helps protect teeth from decay by neutralizing acids and providing minerals, but its protective properties are reduced if saliv
Pharyngitis converted
This document discusses pharyngitis, or sore throat, which can be either acute or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses like adenovirus or bacteria like streptococcus. It causes symptoms like a painful throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent inflammation that can be caused by irritants like dust or smoking and is characterized by white patches in the throat. Both can be diagnosed through exams, tests, and cultures. Acute pharyngitis is usually treated with antibiotics, analgesics, or gargles while chronic pharyngitis focuses on symptom relief through avoiding irritants and medications.
Gingivitis presentation
All about gingivitis
*definition
*classification
*signs and symptoms
*causes
*diagnosis
*treatment
*complications
*preventions
Dental Abscess
A dental abscess (also termed a dentoalveolar abscess, tooth abscess or root abscess), is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth.
For more information, you can book an appointment at
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
• Google+ link: https://goo.gl/vqAmvr
• Facebook link: https://goo.gl/tui98A
• Youtube link: https://goo.gl/mk7jfm
• Linkedin link: https://goo.gl/PrPgpB
• Slideshare link : http://goo.gl/0HY6ep
• Twitter Page : https://goo.gl/tohkcI
• Instagram page : https://goo.gl/OOGVig
Enteritis
Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine that is usually caused by contaminated food or drink containing pathogens. Common causes include norovirus, rotavirus, and salmonella. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, stool and blood tests. Treatment focuses on rehydration and antibiotics for infectious causes.
Halitosis
Halitosis, or bad breath, is caused by bacterial breakdown of foods and fluids in the mouth. It has local oral causes like gum disease, dental issues, and tongue coating from poor oral hygiene. It can also have systemic non-oral causes like respiratory and digestive infections. Halitosis is diagnosed through patient history, oral examination, and odor detection tests. Treatment focuses on reducing oral bacteria through improved hygiene, brushing, flossing, tongue scraping, and antimicrobial mouthwashes or gels. Management of any underlying medical conditions may also be needed.
Oral candidiasis
This document discusses oral candidiasis, caused by the yeast Candida albicans. It presents various classifications and investigations for candidiasis, including smears, swabs, and cultures. Management involves identifying predisposing factors and using topical or systemic antifungal drugs like amphotericin B, nystatin, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole or miconazole. For HIV patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is recommended along with antifungal drugs to treat oral candidiasis.
Dental caries
Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease that causes demineralization and destruction of tooth structure. It is characterized by the interaction of bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates like sugar, and time. Three main factors must be present for caries to develop: susceptible tooth surfaces, diet high in sugars, and cariogenic bacteria. While it was once considered a disease of modern civilization, evidence from prehistoric skulls shows the earliest occurrences of caries coincided with the development of agriculture and consumption of starchy crops. Modern theories emphasize the role of dental plaque in localizing acid production and preventing remineralization by saliva.
Trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses various types of neuralgias, focusing on trigeminal neuralgia. It defines neuralgia as severe pain along a nerve distribution. The main types discussed are trigeminal, paratrigeminal, sphenopalatine, glossopharyngeal, geniculate, occipital and postherpetic neuralgias. Trigeminal neuralgia is described as the most common and involves sudden, severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Causes, clinical features, investigations, management including pharmacological treatments and surgeries are summarized for each type of neuralgia.
Rhinitis
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens
Aphthous ulcers
This document summarizes recurrent aphthous stomatitis (canker sores). It defines the condition as recurring ulcers confined to the oral mucosa with no signs of systemic disease. It describes the three main types (minor, major, herpetiform), their clinical features, histopathology, associated syndromes, differential diagnosis, and treatments which include topical steroids, antimicrobial mouthwashes, analgesics, and intralesional steroid injections. The conclusion emphasizes that recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common oral ulcers with three subtypes, unknown etiology, and palliative treatment of lesions.
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• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
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GINGIVITIS
- 1. Gingivitis s. ilayaraja MSc nursing medical and surgical nursing sea college of nursing Bangalore
- 2. • Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gingiva, the part of your gum around the base of your teeth.
- 3. CAUSES bacterial buildup around the teeth poor dental hygiene smoking uncontrolled diabetes family history of dental disease tooth decay
- 4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION • bleeding gums • mouth sores • halitosis • fever • swollen gums
- 5. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION • history collection • physical examination
- 6. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION antibiotics NSAIDS topical xylocaine for pain relief antibacterial mouth rinses good oral hygiene proper nutrition