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Gillespie 2013 u illinois arctic botanical exploration
- 1. Botanical exploration in the Canadian Arctic Lynn Gillespie
- 2. Eastern Arctic Soper River valley, Baffin Island
- 4. High Arctic Expedition Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island
- 5. Canadian Arctic • > 2 million km2 • Arctic Islands 1.42 million km2
- 6. Botanical exploration in the Canadian Arctic outline 1. Arctic flora 2. Research 3. Fieldwork
- 7. Arctic bioclimatic zones (vegetation zones) # plant species 102 220 507 980 2180 Diversity Density Height Based on mean July temperature S N Total 2218
- 8. Subzone E Arctic shrub tundra zone • Densely vegetated • Erect shrubs (willow and birch) Saarela
- 9. Subzone C Middle arctic tundra zone • well vegetated, but interrupted by frost features • Prostrate to dwarf shrubs • Sedges and Fabaceae on non-acid sites, Cassiope on acid sites Dryas integrifolia hummock tundra Mountain heather Cassiope tetragona
- 10. Subzone A Arctic polar desert zone above the shrub line! • shrubs absent • often with <5% cover of vascular plants • vascular-plant flora extremely depauperate, ca. 50-60 species lichens, bryophytes, cyanobacteria, and scattered forbs (Papaver, Draba, Saxifraga and Stellaria)
- 11. Arctic 21 floristic provinces BERINGIAN CANADIAN W SIBERIAN NORTH ATLANTIC EUR RUSSIA & E SIBERIAN
- 12. Ellesmere – N Greenland 199 species (9%) W Alaska 825 species (37%) N Alaska 732 species (33%) Hudson-Labrador 769 species (35%) Central Canada 640 species (29%) BERINGIAN CANADIAN North American Arctic Floristic provinces
- 13. Arctic flora • Low diversity: 91 families, 420 genera, 2218 species • Low species diversity / family 8 families account for >50% spp. diversity • Low species diversity / genus • Young flora with distinct phytogeography • Intact native flora little influence by aliens • Many circumarctic species • High levels of polyploidy Arctic Biodiversity Assessment – Plants Daniels, Gillespie & Poulin 2013 Checklist of the Panarctic Flora - Vascular Plants Elven et al. 2010 Bull Saarela
- 14. Arctic flora Species rich genera Artemisia borealis Carex 152 species Ranunculus 40 Salix 72 Oxytropis 58 Potentilla 50 Draba 41 Papaver 39 Saxifraga 35 Artemisia 33 Poa 36 Bull
- 15. • 106 species endemic to the arctic • 5% endemism • 5 families account for 70% endemics: Poaceae, Papaveraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae Arctic flora Endemic species Symphiotrichum pygmaeum Pygmy aster Mertensia drummondii Drummond’s bluebells • No woody plants • 39 spp. Beringian, 23 spp. Circumarctic Parrya nauruaq
- 16. Natural Heritage Building, Gatineau, Quebec Victoria Memorial Museum Building, Ottawa, Ontario
- 17. CMN Arctic Botany Team Jennifer Doubt Roger Bull Paul Sokoloff Jeff Saarela Laurie Consaul 1960-2012
- 18. 1. floristics Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska 2. molecular systematic studies 3. barcoding Botanical exploration in the Canadian Arctic Research
- 19. A.E. Porsild –1955, 1957, 1980 (Porsild & Cody) Major publications in North American Arctic botany
- 20. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Interactive CD identification guide “. . .this flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago will provide a basis for much more research on arctic plants in Canada in the coming years. There are many potentially very interesting areas that have never been botanised. In these sites, certainly new records, as well as interesting new species to the Arctic Archipelago, are waiting to be discovered.” Aiken et al. 2007 Available at nature.ca
- 22. P subenervis S7334 P pungionifolia S7336 P chonotica S7309 P robusta S7358 P marcida S5974 P tibetica S5481 P eminens S6022 P saltuensis 7043 TF P wolfii S5800 P autumnalis S4680 P sylvatica S4678 P alsodes 6467 P kellogii S5962 P bulbosa C132000 P badensis Stone2004 12 tf P alpina 6299 P molinerii SH13 P alpina 6749 P flabellata W4NCD P supina S5950 P annua 6284 P annua S7456 TF P infirma C32000 TF P vereszaginii OL03 34 Eremopoa songarica narrow S416 Eremopoa songarica large S4165 P bulbosa introgressed S5958 P media SH17 P media Stone04 11 TF P stenantha S6068 P secunda juncifolia S5809 P hartzii 6623 P secunda secunda S5812 P ammophila 5851 P curtifolia S6347 P cenisia SH19 P cenisia Stone04 5 TF P trivialis S4681 1 TF P crassicaulis CF P papuana CF P languidor cf P abbreviata 5957 P lettermanii S7434 TF P leptocoma S6040 P leptocoma S6100 P fernaldiana 7015 P pseudoabbreviata S6032 P flexuosa B 2000 3 P palustris 6461 P margilicola DB P nemoralis Stone04 18 P compressa 6457 P hartzii 5725 P laxa Sch9040 1 P pannonica SH11 TF P interior S6136 P glauca 5963 P riphaea MK1 P faberi S7454 TF P reverdattoi OLO03 29 P altaica OL03 25 TF P attenuata OL03 16 TF P dahurica OL03 55 TF P remota StonePB3A TF P sibirica olo1 P sandwicensis PW17690 TF P stiriaca PS10 P ircutica K7 P pratensis alpigena 5801 P macrocalyx S6059 P mariae Olo7 P malacantha OL03 85 TF P arctica 5701 P pratensis pratensis 6291 P pratensis pratensis 6310 P pratensis irrigata S6044 tf P pratensis angustifolia Csn Anthochloa lepidula P15604 Austrofestuca pubinervis P1451 P porphyrroclados P14476 TF P drummondiana P14504 P fawcettiae S5919 P labillardieri S5921 P sieberiana J8482 tf P poiformis S5911 tf P cockaynaiana KML1234 TF P hesperia KML2134 TF P colensoi KML1524 F P astonii KML24404 TF P sikkimensis S5676 tf P cusickii S5829 P nervosa S5849 P wheelerii S5825 P macrantha S5861 P fendleriana 6292 P porsildii S6147 P nepalensis S7455 TF P acroleuca S7453 TF P subvestita KML2134 TF P mathewsii KML24 4 4 TF Dissanthelium peruvianum P1574 P androgyna P15707 tf P inconspicua CF P laetevirens P15641 P atropidiformis S7364 P howellii S5964 P chaixii S4677 P paucispicula S6169 P paucispicula S6033 P acinaciphila S7169 P arachnifera S5801 P stuckerii S7132 P holciformis S7166 P scaberula P15575 P kurtzii P15654 P lilloi P15676 P gymnantha P15656 tf P gymnantha P15730 tf Poa cpDNA AJ389163Bec Bellardiochloa AF498396Ph Phleum prate P saltuensis 7 P wolfii S5800 P sylvestris S4 P alsodes 646 P autumnalis P pungionifoli P flabellata W AY686655Pra P remota PB3 AY686662Pli AY686669Pc P cita KML15 P cockaynaia AY686665Pc AY686666Pa P phillipsiana P phillipsiana P labillardieri P labillardieri P sieberiana P sieberiana P sieberiana P billardieri P AY327791Au P fawcettiae S P fax J9339 I P drummond P porphyrocl P sibirica1 OL P sibirica2 OL P stiriaca PS1 AY237834Pp AY237833Pp P alpigena 67 P ircutica K7 AF171183Pp AF171182Pp P irrigata3 S6 P irrigata1 67 P irrigata2 70 P angustifolia P pratensis1 P pratensis2 P angustifolia P porsildii S6 P abbreviata P abbreviata AY237835Pa P nervosa S5 P howellii s59 P chaixii S46 P fendleriana P macrantha Anthochloa le P gymnantha P scaberula P P atropidiform P holciformis P stuckerii S7 P arachnifera P androgyna P lilloi P1567 P kurtzii P156 P laetevirens P acinaciphy Dissanthelium P bulbosa2 S P bulbosa3 S P trichophylla P dolosa S74 P pirinica SH P media Sto0 P cenisia2 SH P cenisia1 S7 P dahurica O AY237841Ph P hartzii1 572 AY237840Pa P ammophila P secunda S P secunda S P curtifolia S6 P palustris 64 P reverdattoi P faberi S745 P papuana S P altaica OL0 P nemoralis 2 AY237839Pg P glauca 596 AY237838Pfl P pseudoabb P lettermanii P laxa 90401 P laxa ssp no AY237838Pfl P fernaldiana P stenantha S P stenantha S P stenantha S P stenantha S P compressa AY686659Pn P acroleuca S P nepalensis AY686658Pim AY686667Pa AY686671Ps AY686657Pk AY686654Pb AY686656Pb AY686668Ps AY686670Pd AY686664Pc AY686663Pc AY686660Pc P colensoi KM AY686661Pa P astonii KML P leptocoma2 P leptocoma1 P paucispicu P paucispicu P arctica1 57 P arctica2 arc AY237842Pa P macrocalyx P macrocalyx P malacantha P mariae OL0 P subvestita K Eremopoa so AF393012Pin P infirma C3 2 AF521901Pa P annua 6284 P supina S59 P veresczagin P badensis St P chaixii Ston AY237837Pa AY237836Pa P molinerii SH P trivialis S46 AF532932Ptr AJ240161Ptri AF171186Ptri AF171185Ptri AF171184Ptri P cenisia triv S 6x nrDNA Short bluegrass Poa abbreviata 6n Origin and Evolution of Arctic grasses Soreng & Gillespie 2010 sect. Abbreviatae 2n sect. Homalopoa 4n an intersubgeneric polyploid hybrid
- 23. New species of Puccinellia based on AFLP and morphology Puccinellia banksiensis Consaul Banks Island Alkaligrass Consaul, Gillespie & Waterway 2008
- 24. Pedicularis louseworts P. albolabiata P. arctoeuropea P. hirsuta P. langsdorfii P. lanata
- 25. Pedicularis hirsuta Hirsute lousewort Pedicularis langsdorfii Arctic lousewort MP - nrITS Colin Chapman 4th year honours project PCA - morphology ? ?
- 26. Pedicularis hirsuta Hirsute lousewort Pedicularis langsdorfii Arctic lousewort P. lanata MP - nrITS MP - atpI-atpH • two distinct species • hybridization and chloroplast introgression in the High Arctic
- 27. Parrya ? ? ? ? Parrya arctica Arctic parrya Parrya nudicaulis Naked-stemmed parrya ? Samantha Godrey 4th year honours thesis
- 28. Parrya Parrya arctica Arctic parrya Parrya nudicaulis Naked-stemmed parrya • 2 distinct species, equally morphologically variable • P. nudicaulis genetically variable, 3 major haplotypes • P. arctica genetically uniform, likely recently derived from P. nudicaulis MP - plastid
- 29. Parrya arctica Parrya nudicaulis • all central Canadian Arctic populations • Closest to P. nudicaulis haplotype 3 – N alpine 3 major genotypes Do these correspond to 2-3 subspecies? MP - plastid Plastid haplotype groups
- 30. Parrya MP - nrITSMP - plastid P. arctica 2x P. nudicaulis 2x, 4x
- 31. Barcoding the Arctic Flora
- 32. Barcoding Arctic Island Sedges (Carex & Kobresia) A Regional Approach to DNA Barcoding SW Victoria Island, 2008 matK 20 spp. 85-95% success Le Clerc-Blain et al. 2010, Mol. Ecol. Res. Tested seven plastid regions - matK was the best
- 33. Salix niphoclada Salix arctica Salix hastata No plastid variation in Salix matK Salix richardsonii
- 34. Rhododendron lapponicum Vaccinium vitis-idaea Rhododendron tomentosum Cassiope tetragona Empetrum nigrum Arctous rubra Ericaceae heath family Andromeda polifolia
- 35. Fieldwork
- 36. Fieldwork
- 40. Fieldwork
- 42. Tuktut Nogait National Park Cody, W.J., Scotter, G.W. & Zoltai, S.C. (1992) Vascular plant flora of the Melville Hills region, Northwest Territories. Canadian Field-Naturalist 106: 87-99. 1. Canoe trip 2. Base camp on the Lower Brock River 1 2
- 43. Paulatuk
- 44. Paulatuk to upper Hornaday River
- 46. Tuktut Nogait NP - mesic sedge-low shrub tundra Red bearberry Arctous rubra Mountain avens Dryas integrifolia Lapland rosebay Rhododendron lapponicum Arctic lupine Lupinus arcticus
- 47. upland dry tundra Purple saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia Mountain avens Dryas integrifolia Rock-jasmine Androsace chamaejasme Arctic oxytrope Oxytropis arctobia
- 48. mesic dwarf birch-heath meadow Two-flower cinquefoil Potentilla biflora Snow arnica Arnica frigida Bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia Labrador lousewort Pedicularis labradorica
- 49. esker Cinquefoil Potentilla spp. draba Draba oligosperma Lewis’ flax Linum lewisii Ostenfeld’s bladder campion Silene ostenfeldii
- 50. Sandy habitats Moss campion Silene acaulis Northern coralroot Corallorhiza trifidaNorthern groundsel - Packera hyperborealis
- 51. Oxytropis arctica - a giant Arctic Oxytrope!
- 52. Riparian willow thicket Variegated horsetail -Equisetum variegatum Kotzebue’s grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia kotzebuei Willow Salix
- 53. Lower Brock River Valley Willow Salix Lower Brock River and canyon
- 55. Wallflower - Erysimum coarctatum Pallas’ wallflower Erysimum pallasii Shrub tundra
- 56. Lower Brock River sand cobble beach Horned dandelion - Taraxacum ceratophorum Hood’s phlox - Phlox hoodii Arctic Oxytrope Oxytropis arctica
- 57. Lower Brock River sand cobble beach Moonwort Botrychium lunaria Northern range extension
- 58. coastal habitats Egede's silverweed Potentilla anserina subsp. groenlandica
- 59. coastal habitats White water-crowsfoot Ranunculus subrigidus Mare’s-tail Hippuris lanceolata Slender-leaved pondweed Stuckenia filiformis
- 60. coastal habitatscoastal habitats – moist meadow Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris Star gentian Lomatogonium rotatum subsp. rotatum Northern seaside buttercup Halerpestes cymbalaria
- 61. Arctoeuropean lousewort Pedicularis arctoeuropaea Marsh arrow-grass Triglochin palustris
- 62. coastal habitatsgabbro outcrop & tussock meadow Dwarf Labrador tea Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. decumbens Fragrant wood fern Dryopteris fragrans First record!
- 63. Horned sea-blite Suaeda calceoliformis annual plant 2008 – first record for Arctic Islands 2009 – second record for Melville Hills region 2010 – northern-most record for North America
- 64. Balsam poplar - Populus balsamifera upper Hornaday River – camp 4 New distribution records
- 65. stands of Balsam poplar far above treeline Discoveries Juniperus communis Lower Brock River, near Tuktut Nogait National Park Saarela et al. 2012. Arctic 65: 1-12.
- 66. Soper River valley Baffin Island 2010 Eastern Arctic
- 67. VMC J. Dewey Soper – first botanical exploration of the river 40 collections by Soper (1931) 27 collections by Aiken (2002)
- 69. Gillespie
- 70. Mount Joy 0KM Google Sokoloff Cabin 7 9KM Sokoloff Livingstone Falls 20KM Sokoloff Big Bend 35KM Sokoloff Soper Falls 49KM Sokoloff Kimmirut 60KM Sokoloff
- 71. 36 vascular plant families 20% Cyperaceae 13% Poaceae 7% Salicaceae 898 collections – ca. 250 vascular plant species
- 72. Bull Salix planifolia – tea-leaved willow BullBull
- 73. NEW DISCOVERIES 7 species new to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago • Cryptogramma stelleri (Pteridaceae) * • Carex brunnescens (Cyperaceae) • Triglochin palustris (Juncaginacaeae) * • Platanthera obtusata (Orchidaceae) • Primula egalikensis (Primulaceae) • Utricularia ochroleuca (Lentibulariaceae) • Coptidium spitsbergense (Ranunculaceae) * new families for the Arctic Islands
- 74. Bull Triglochin palustris – marsh arrowgrass BullBull
- 75. Platanthera obtusata – northern bog orchid Bull Gillespie
- 76. Cryptogramma stelleri (Pteridaceae) – Steller’s rockbrake Gillespie
- 77. Primula egaliksensis – Greenland primrose Gillespie
- 78. Coptidium × spitsbergense – Svalbard buttercup Gillespie
- 79. Coptidium × spitsbergense Svalbard buttercup Cody, Blondeau & Cayouette 1988 Rhodora 90: 27-36 sterile triploid hybrid between C. lapponicum and C. pallasii Gillespie
- 81. NEW DISCOVERIES 4 species new to the Eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago • Andromeda polifolia (Ericaceae) • Orthilia secunda (Ericacae) • Calamagrostis stricta subsp. stricta (Poaceae) • Salix fuscescens (Salicaceae)
- 82. • accurate information on species distributions • complete floristic inventories NEW ARRIVALS OR LONG ESTABLISHED? Most new records likely long established species Cryptogramma perhaps recent natural spread N?
- 83. Bull Hordeum jubatum subsp. jubatum – foxtail barley
- 84. High Arctic Ellesmere Island Quttinirpaaq National Park
- 91. Acknowledgements
Editor's Notes
- Berignianhighests species diveristy of all circumarcticflprov
- Principal component analysis
- ITS only 6 variable characters
- Juncaginaceae
- From its first scientific exploration over80 years ago, the Soper River valley on southern Baffin Island has been known to host a diverse number of plant species. However, until recently this low arctic hotspot has seen surprisinglylittle floristic research. Soper discovered stands of large willow shrubs (11’-12’ high), and foundspecies more characteristic of low arctic tundra
- 7 first records for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Two findings also represent new families for the Arctic Islands.
- Also first record for NunavutCalcareous in FNA, acidic rock hereVery scattered distribution across North America and Eurasia, mostly rocky outcrops in boreal forest, some low arctic sites
- sterile triploid hybrid between C. lapponicum and C. pallasiiOriginally known only from Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya, High Arctic islands N of Norway and Russia More common on Svalbard than parents, often occurring in the absence of one or both parentSterile triploid hybrid, app spreading by stem/rhizome segments
- Cody et al first described the species for Canada in 1988 from 4 localities in N QC and S NU.
- Sterile plants
- Andromeda & Salix fuscescens – 2nd record for the CAA (the 1st from Victoria Island).
- No idea