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From Spruce to Shore:
Arctic botany of the Coppermine
Jeff Saarela
Sokoloff
Centre for Arctic
Knowledge and Exploration
Floristics
the study of the distribution, number, types, and
relationships of plant species in an area or areas
• 91 families
• 420 genera
• 2218 species
Elven et al. (2011)
http://nhm2.uio.no/paf/
Checklist of the Panarctic Flora - Vascular Plants
http://arcticplants.myspecies.info/
The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska
36% of global Arctic
The flora will cover
the entire Canadian
Arctic and adjacent
northern Alaska
ca. 800 species
Arctic Floristic Research
• critical baseline data
 for specific regions
(parks, communities,
islands, ecozones,
territories)
 for understanding
future change in
species distributions
and vegetation
 may inform monitoring
• samples for systematic,
phylogeographic, DNA
barcoding studies, etc.
Googl
Databased CAN and DAO
northern specimens
Major Gaps in Collection Coverage
very few areas completely inventoried
Local Floristic Studies:
so far….over 5000 new Canadian
Arctic plant collections
2014
Coppermine River
Nunavut
Northern limit of treeline
in Nunavut
(ratio of tree cover: tundra)
Giant plant press
Carex capitata
Coppermine River
Bull
Bull
Arctic
Subarctic
Forest - tundra
Existing collections in the area
CMN collections online
No
complete
inventory
Nunavut
NWT
N
Fockler Creek
Bloody Falls
Kugluktuk
Sokoloff
GOAL:
complete
inventories
of 3 areas
Also collected at other
sites
Fockler Creek
Bull
Kugluk/Bloody Falls Territorial Park
Bull
Kugluk/Bloody Falls Territorial Park
Kugluktuk and vicinity
Collections = Knowledge
- ca. 1400 new collections
~1000 vascular plants
~400 bryophytes,
lichens and fungi
- identified all new and
existing material
(CAN, DAO, other herbaria)
-all taxa recorded from
study area based on
specimens in public collections
Families 45
Genera 134
Species 301
Subspecies 8
Hybrids 3
Total Taxa 312
The Flora
CONTEXT
Canadian Arctic Archipelago: ca. 360 taxa
(Gillespie et al. 2015)
Flora of Nunavut: 255 genera / 672 species (VASCAN)
Tuktut Nogait National Park and vicinity: 265 species
(Saarela et al. 2013)
1 111112 1
1
1
4
2
1 2
17
2
1
1
15
21
8
1
9
11
10
5
4
1
2
1 1 2
2
1
1
2
1 5
2 5
5 2 3
Caryophyllaceae
Poaceae
AsteraceaeEricaceae
Brassicaceae
Number of Genera per Family
45 families
134 genera
1 1
5
3 1
3
2 1 1 1
47
8
2
2
39
42
1
23
31
18
1
18
1
1
14
11
41
4
1
1
6
11
1
2
3
1
5 4 11
14
17
11
AsteraceaeBrassicaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Salicaceae
Number of Species per Family
312 taxa Cyperaceae
Poaceae
• Total taxa 312
• Previously recorded taxa 193 (62%)
• Taxa new to study area 119 (38% - 60% )
• Taxa new to Nunavut 13
• New taxa to mainland Nunavut 7
• Range extensions 54
Nunavut
NWT
N
Fockler Creek
Kugluk/Bloody Falls
Territorial Park
Kugluktuk
Sokoloff
202
212
203
Study area:
312 taxa
96 taxa not found in any of the three fully
inventoried sites
Kugluk/Bloody Falls
Territorial Park
(Nunavut)
Tuktut Nogait National Park
(Northwest Territories)
ca. 18,000 km2
245 species
ca. 10 km2
212 species
Species in Low Arctic Protected Areas
Amaryllidaceae Allium schoenoprasum
Brassicaceae Draba lonchocarpa
Caryophyllaceae Eremogone capillaris subsp. capillaris
Caryophyllaceae Sabulina elegans
Cyperaceae Eleocharis quinqueflora
Onagraceae Epilobium anagallidifolium
Ophioglossaceae Botrychium neolunaria
Ophioglossaceae Botrychium tunux
Poaceae Festuca altaica
Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare
Potamogetonaceae Stuckenia pectinata
Salicaceae Salix ovalifolia var. arctolitoralis
Salicaceae Salix ovalifolia var. ovalifolia
New to Nunavut
Eremogone capillaris (Poir.) Fenzl
subsp. capillaris — Thread-leaved
sandwort | Asian (C-NE)–amphi-Beringian
New to Nunavut
Wild chives | Ciboulette commune
Allium schoenoprasum
Sokoloff
Sokoloff
New to Nunavut
Botrychium -- moonworts
3755b
3755a
4179a 4179b
B. tunux
B. “neolunaria”
B. minganense
psbA-trnH
Benjamin Dauphin et al.
Am. J. Bot. 2014;101:128-140
B. lunaria
4179a 4179b3755b 3755a
B. tunuxB. minganense B. “neolunaria” in. ed.
Maps: Farrar, 2011
3 species new to Nunavut & major range extensions
Brassicaceae Draba simmonsii
Cyperaceae Carex gynocrates
Cyperaceae Carex livida
Juncaceae Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. americanus
Poaceae Festuca viviparoidea subsp. viviparoidea
Pteridaceae Cryptogramma stelleri
Salicaceae Salix pseudomyrsinites
New to Mainland Nunavut
Festuca viviparoidea Krajina
ex Pavlick subsp. viviparoidea
— Viviparous fescue |
Circumpolar
New to mainland Nunavut; previously
known from northern Ellesmere Island,
and recently recorded for western
Mainland NWT.
Slender rock-brake | cryptogramme de Steller
Cryptogramma stelleri
Sokoloff
Sokoloff
Second record for Nunavut
Carex gynocrates Wormsk.
ex Drejer — Northern bog
sedge | Asian–amphi-
Beringian–North American
New to study area and mainland
Nunavut.
Known from Baffin Island
Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. americanus (Farwell) Hämet-
Ahti | Alpine rush | Amphi-Beringian–North American (N)
In Nunavut recorded only from Akimiski Island
54 Range Extensions
mostly northern extensions (boreal species)
a few southern extensions (Arctic species)
Twinflower| Linée boréale
Linnaea borealis
Bull
Sokoloff
New to Arctic ecozone
RANGE EXTENSION
Stemless raspberry| Ronce acaule
Rubus arcticus subsp. acaulis
Sokoloff
Sokoloff
New to Arctic ecozone
RANGE EXTENSION
Water birch | Bouleau fontinal
Betula occidentalis
BullBull
RANGE EXTENSION
Water horsetail | Circumboreal
Equisetum fluviatile L.RANGE EXTENSION
Juniperus communis subsp. depressa
Common juniper | North American
RANGE EXTENSION
Lower Coppermine
River
Now we have
detailed
baseline floristic data
Collections are critical for documenting
species’ distributions
Collections
Museum
Researchers
You can help too
Make museum-quality collections
in your study areas
Spruce to Shore: Subarctic and low arctic vascular plant biodiversity of the lower Coppermine River Valley and vicinity (Nunavut, Canada).

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Spruce to Shore: Subarctic and low arctic vascular plant biodiversity of the lower Coppermine River Valley and vicinity (Nunavut, Canada).

Editor's Notes

  1. At the end of the trip we will explore and collect plants in and around the community of Kugluktuk, including along the Arctic coast.
  2. Reported in FNA for Nuvavut, but source of record unknown.
  3. In Nunavut this taxon was known previously only from northern Ellesmere Island (Aiken et al. 2007; Aiken and Darbyshire 1990); our collections are the first ones from mainland Nunavut. In adjacent Northwest Territories, it is known from Tuktut Nogait National Park and vicinity (Saarela et al. 2013a) and Arctic Yukon further west (Aiken and Darbyshire 1990, as Festuca vivipara subsp. glabra Fred.).
  4. In Nunavut the taxon is recorded only from Akimiski Island
  5. Reported from Big Bend Area of coppermine by Cody et al. and SW Nunavut – new to *Arctic* ecozone.
  6. Earlier records from Bathurst Inlet *NOT* included in FNA.
  7. Our collections of this species are the first ones from western Nunavut and represent a northern range extension from the nearest sites along the eastern arm of Great Bear Lake (Cody and Britton 1989; Porsild and Cody 1980). Elsewhere in Nunavut it is known from two Arctic mainland collections: Thelon River ca. 28 mi SW of Beverly Lake, 64°36’N, 100°30’W, 11 July 1960, E. Kuyt 62, CAN-561540, mapped in {Porsild, 1980 #1444@@author-year}; east of South Bay of Griffin Lake, Reading s.n., DAO [east side of Queen Maud Bird Sanctuary, east side] (Cody 1996); and the Belcher Islands (Sanikiluaq, Consaul et al. 3875, CAN-599928). There are non-Arctic Nunavut records from southern Nunavut adjacent to the Manitoba border (Nueltin Lake, Harper 2378, CAN-3849) (Hauke 1993; Porsild and Cody 1980) [not mapped in Cody and Britton (1989)] and Akimiski Island (Blaney and Kotanen 2001). All of the Nunavut collections are along the northern edge of this primarily boreal species’ range. It also reaches the Arctic in the Anderson River Delta (Grizzly Bear Creek, 69°42’N, 129°W, 24 August 1959, T.D. Barry 457, CAN-287853) and on the north slope of Alaska (specimens at ALA; Porsild and Cody 1980).
  8. Specimens documenting CURRENT distributions urgently needed to characterize change