GI HORMONES.pptx
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This document discusses gastrointestinal hormones and their roles in regulating gastrointestinal secretion and motility. It describes six key GI hormones: gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), motilin, and peptide YY. For each hormone, it provides information on the site of secretion, primary stimuli for secretion, and general actions in the GI tract. The hormones act in a paracrine or endocrine fashion to regulate processes like gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme secretion, gallbladder contraction, and gastrointestinal motility.
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Gi hormone
Endocrine regulation : EEC secretes regulatory peptide or hormones that travel via blood stream to remote target organ. Ex gastrin, secretin
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NU GUT Hormones 2016 APRIL.pptx
This document summarizes gastrointestinal hormones. It describes that GI hormones are secreted from endocrine cells in the stomach and small intestine. They are broadly divided into 3 categories: the gastrin family including gastrin and CCK; the secretin family including secretin, VIP, and GIP; and other polypeptides like motilin, neurotensin, substance P, somatostatin, ghrelin, guanylin, and PYY. For each hormone, it provides information on source, structure, functions, mechanisms, and factors that regulate their secretion.
gastric secretion and its regulation
Gastric secretion and its regulation involves many hormones. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion from parietal cells. Cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Secretin increases pancreatic bicarbonate and bile secretion. Somatostatin broadly inhibits gastric acid, pancreatic enzyme and bile secretion. VIP increases intestinal secretion and blood flow. GIP and motilin regulate gastric emptying and intestinal motility.
Gut hormones
This document summarizes gut hormones, dividing them into the gastrin family, secretin family, and others. It provides details on the source, structure, functions, and regulating factors of important gut hormones including gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucagon, GIP, VIP, motilin, somatostatin, ghrelin, and PYY. Ghrelin is described as the key hunger hormone produced in the stomach and pancreas. It signals hunger by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus and stomach to stimulate appetite and gastric functions. Food intake, nutrients, hormones like insulin and leptin regulate ghrelin levels.
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The gastrointestinal endocrine system regulates digestion through hormone secretion. It contains endocrine cells that secrete hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin to regulate processes like nutrient absorption, gut motility, and blood flow. These hormones are released in response to factors like food intake, pH levels, and distension. They target organs like the stomach, pancreas, gallbladder and hypothalamus to coordinate the digestive response. The gastrointestinal endocrine system plays an important regulatory role in fish as well through hormones that influence growth, metabolism, food intake and endocrine balance.
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This document discusses the hormonal control of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by introducing the three main modalities that regulate GI function: endocrine hormones, paracrine mediators, and the enteric nervous system. It then describes several important hormones in detail, including their sites of secretion, stimuli for secretion, and principal physiological actions. Key hormones discussed are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and peptide YY. The document concludes by summarizing the integrated actions of several hormones in facilitating digestion.
Gastrointestinal Hormones by Pandian M, Dept of Physiology DYPMCKOP, for MBBS...
Classify GIT hormones
List the source and functions of different GI hormones
Explain the mechanism of action and regulation of secretion of different GI Hormones
Describe the role of GI hormones in regulation of GI functions
Explain the dysfunctions produced by alteration in secretion of GIT hormones
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Gi hormone
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NU GUT Hormones 2016 APRIL.pptx
This document summarizes gastrointestinal hormones. It describes that GI hormones are secreted from endocrine cells in the stomach and small intestine. They are broadly divided into 3 categories: the gastrin family including gastrin and CCK; the secretin family including secretin, VIP, and GIP; and other polypeptides like motilin, neurotensin, substance P, somatostatin, ghrelin, guanylin, and PYY. For each hormone, it provides information on source, structure, functions, mechanisms, and factors that regulate their secretion.
gastric secretion and its regulation
Gastric secretion and its regulation involves many hormones. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion from parietal cells. Cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Secretin increases pancreatic bicarbonate and bile secretion. Somatostatin broadly inhibits gastric acid, pancreatic enzyme and bile secretion. VIP increases intestinal secretion and blood flow. GIP and motilin regulate gastric emptying and intestinal motility.
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This document summarizes gut hormones, dividing them into the gastrin family, secretin family, and others. It provides details on the source, structure, functions, and regulating factors of important gut hormones including gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucagon, GIP, VIP, motilin, somatostatin, ghrelin, and PYY. Ghrelin is described as the key hunger hormone produced in the stomach and pancreas. It signals hunger by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus and stomach to stimulate appetite and gastric functions. Food intake, nutrients, hormones like insulin and leptin regulate ghrelin levels.
Gastrointestinal endocrine system ppt
The gastrointestinal endocrine system regulates digestion through hormone secretion. It contains endocrine cells that secrete hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin to regulate processes like nutrient absorption, gut motility, and blood flow. These hormones are released in response to factors like food intake, pH levels, and distension. They target organs like the stomach, pancreas, gallbladder and hypothalamus to coordinate the digestive response. The gastrointestinal endocrine system plays an important regulatory role in fish as well through hormones that influence growth, metabolism, food intake and endocrine balance.
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Gastrointestinal peptides are signaling molecules released from enteroendocrine cells or gastrointestinal neurons that regulate processes like electrolyte and enzyme secretion, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, and the release of other hormones. They can act as hormones, paracrines, or neurocrines. Major gastrointestinal hormones include secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and motilin. These hormones are released in response to stimuli in the GI tract and circulate through the bloodstream to target organs to regulate digestion and motility.
HORMONAL CONTROL OF GIT.pptx
This document discusses the hormonal control of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by introducing the three main modalities that regulate GI function: endocrine hormones, paracrine mediators, and the enteric nervous system. It then describes several important hormones in detail, including their sites of secretion, stimuli for secretion, and principal physiological actions. Key hormones discussed are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and peptide YY. The document concludes by summarizing the integrated actions of several hormones in facilitating digestion.
Gastrointestinal Hormones by Pandian M, Dept of Physiology DYPMCKOP, for MBBS...
Classify GIT hormones
List the source and functions of different GI hormones
Explain the mechanism of action and regulation of secretion of different GI Hormones
Describe the role of GI hormones in regulation of GI functions
Explain the dysfunctions produced by alteration in secretion of GIT hormones
GIT HORMONES
This document discusses gastrointestinal hormones, including their classification, cells of origin, stimuli for release, mechanisms of action, and roles in regulating digestion. It covers major hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion while cholecystokinin regulates bile release and pancreatic secretion. Secretin increases bicarbonate and fluid secretion to neutralize acid. Gastrointestinal hormones play important roles in digestion and are implicated in diseases when their levels are abnormal.
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Short term satiety is regulated by mechano- and chemoreceptors in the stomach and small intestine that signal fullness after eating. Hormones like CCK, GLP-1, PYY are also involved in short term regulation by being released from the gut in response to food intake. Long term satiety is regulated by hormones like leptin released by adipose tissue and signals fullness over longer periods based on fat stores. Both short term gut signals and long term adipose signals need to work together to properly regulate long term energy balance and food intake.
Git hoGIT HORMONESrmones G
This document discusses gastrointestinal hormones, including their classification, cells of origin, stimuli for release, mechanisms of action, and roles in regulating digestion. It covers major hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion while cholecystokinin regulates bile release and pancreatic secretion. Secretin increases bicarbonate and fluid secretion to neutralize acid. Disorders involving abnormal hormone levels like Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome are also addressed.
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The document discusses gastrointestinal hormones. It begins with an introduction to hormones and their importance in regulatory mechanisms. It then classifies and describes the major GI hormones including gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin. For each hormone, it discusses the source cells, structure, stimuli for release, functions, and regulatory mechanisms. In total, it provides a comprehensive overview of the major hormones in the GI tract and their roles in digestion and regulation of secretions and motility.
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This document summarizes the families and functions of gastrointestinal hormones. It discusses the gastrin family, which includes gastrin and cholecystokinin. Gastrin stimulates acid and pepsin secretion while cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion. The secretin family is also covered, including secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion while GIP and VIP inhibit gastric acid. Other hormones discussed are glucagon, glicentin, motilin, neurotensin, substance P, somatostatin, ghrelin, peptide YY, and gastrin releasing peptide.
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Gastrointestinal hormones are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine to control digestive functions. They include gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glucagon, somatostatin, motilin, substance P, and ghrelin. These hormones regulate processes like gastric acid secretion, gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme release, and gastrointestinal motility. Deficiencies in these hormones can lead to conditions such as peptic ulcers, gallbladder dysfunction, hypoglycemia, and gastrointestinal reflux.
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This document summarizes several hormones that control gastrointestinal motility:
- Gastrin is secreted by stomach cells in response to food ingestion and stimulates gastric acid and mucosa growth.
- Cholecystokinin is secreted by small intestine cells in response to fat and stimulates gallbladder contraction and inhibits stomach contraction and appetite.
- Secretin is secreted by small intestine cells in response to acid and stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion to neutralize acid.
- Motilin is secreted by the stomach and duodenum during fasting and stimulates gastrointestinal motility in cycles.
Gastrointestinal hormones ( Gastrin , secretin and cholecystokinin)
This document discusses the functions and hormones of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It begins by outlining the main functions of the GI tract, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion, and movement. It then lists the major organs of the digestive system. The document primarily focuses on describing several important GI hormones, including their sites of secretion, targets, actions, and regulatory mechanisms. Specifically discussed are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin.
Gi hormone
The classical GI hormones are secreted by epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach and small intestine. These hormone-secreting cells - endocrinocytes - are interspersed among a much larger number of epithelial cells that secrete their products (acid, mucus, etc.) into the lumen or take up nutrients from the lumen. GI hormones are secreted into blood, and hence circulate systemically, where they affect function of other parts of the digestive tube, liver, pancreas, brain and a variety of other targets.
Git hormones-control-
The document discusses several intestinal hormones and their functions. It begins by defining hormones and their roles in the body. It then discusses over two dozen hormones identified in the gastrointestinal system, many of which are peptides. Important gut hormones discussed include gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, ghrelin, and their roles in stimulating gastric acid secretion, facilitating digestion, neutralizing acid in the small intestine, and stimulating growth hormone secretion and appetite, respectively. The document provides details on the structure, control of secretion, physiological effects, and some disease states related to deficiencies or excess of these important intestinal hormones.
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The document discusses several hormones that regulate gastrointestinal function, including:
1. Cholecystokinin (CCK) which stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile and pancreatic enzymes. It is secreted by the duodenum in response to proteins and fats.
2. Secretin which increases pancreatic bicarbonate and bile secretion. It is secreted by the duodenum in response to acid.
3. Gastrin which stimulates gastric acid secretion. It is secreted by G cells in the stomach in response to peptides and amino acids.
4. Other hormones discussed include VIP, motilin, GIP, ghrelin, and enteroglucagon which regulate processes
Physio Gi Hormones13.
The document discusses several hormones secreted by the small intestine that regulate gastrointestinal function. It describes:
1) Cholecystokinin (CCK), secreted by the duodenum, which stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes.
2) Secretin, also secreted by the duodenum, which increases bicarbonate secretion to neutralize acid and inhibits gastric acid production.
3) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) which is secreted by the duodenum and inhibits gastric emptying and acid secretion.
Gut hormones
This document discusses several gastrointestinal hormones and their functions. It begins by noting there are over 30 peptides secreted in the digestive tract, making the gut the largest endocrine organ. These peptides act as regulatory hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. The document then focuses on several key hormones: cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion; gastrin stimulates acid and pepsin secretion; secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion; and glucagon-like peptide 1 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Finally, it mentions somatostatin is the main inhibitory peptide and suppresses secretion of other hormones.
Gut hormone and its implication in glucose homeostasis
This document discusses gut hormones like ghrelin, GIP, amylin, GLP-1 and their roles in glucose homeostasis and implications for remission of type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery. It provides details on how these hormones are produced and secreted in response to food intake and their effects. Gastric bypass is noted to immediately improve glucose control before any weight loss by altering the secretion of these gut hormones through surgical rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract.
2022 GIT Biochemistry.pptx
The document provides information on biochemistry of the gastrointestinal system, including:
- Digestion and absorption of macronutrients and micronutrients
- The effect of gastrointestinal hormones on fuel metabolism such as ghrelin, GLP-1, and GIP
- Liver metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, detoxification, and production of clotting factors
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The document discusses the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract, including the layers of the GI wall, innervation by the enteric and autonomic nervous systems, and hormonal control of GI functions. It covers topics like the roles of motility, digestion, secretion and absorption in the GI system. Key hormones that control GI processes like gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme release and gallbladder contraction are also explained.
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The document summarizes the gastrointestinal tract and gastric physiology. It describes the main parts of the gastrointestinal tract and their functions. It then focuses on the stomach, explaining gastric acid regulation and secretion. Key points include that gastric acid secretion is controlled by hormones like gastrin and inhibited by others. Tests like the pentagastrin test are used to measure basal and peak acid output to diagnose conditions like achlorhydria or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
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This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
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to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. More Related Content
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This document discusses gastrointestinal hormones, including their classification, cells of origin, stimuli for release, mechanisms of action, and roles in regulating digestion. It covers major hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion while cholecystokinin regulates bile release and pancreatic secretion. Secretin increases bicarbonate and fluid secretion to neutralize acid. Gastrointestinal hormones play important roles in digestion and are implicated in diseases when their levels are abnormal.
Gut satiety control corrected
Short term satiety is regulated by mechano- and chemoreceptors in the stomach and small intestine that signal fullness after eating. Hormones like CCK, GLP-1, PYY are also involved in short term regulation by being released from the gut in response to food intake. Long term satiety is regulated by hormones like leptin released by adipose tissue and signals fullness over longer periods based on fat stores. Both short term gut signals and long term adipose signals need to work together to properly regulate long term energy balance and food intake.
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This document discusses gastrointestinal hormones, including their classification, cells of origin, stimuli for release, mechanisms of action, and roles in regulating digestion. It covers major hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion while cholecystokinin regulates bile release and pancreatic secretion. Secretin increases bicarbonate and fluid secretion to neutralize acid. Disorders involving abnormal hormone levels like Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome are also addressed.
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The document discusses gastrointestinal hormones. It begins with an introduction to hormones and their importance in regulatory mechanisms. It then classifies and describes the major GI hormones including gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin. For each hormone, it discusses the source cells, structure, stimuli for release, functions, and regulatory mechanisms. In total, it provides a comprehensive overview of the major hormones in the GI tract and their roles in digestion and regulation of secretions and motility.
Hormonal control of git secretions
The gastrointestinal tract produces over 25 hormones that help regulate digestive secretions and motility. Key hormones include gastrin, released by stomach cells in response to food, which stimulates gastric acid secretion; cholecystokinin, released by the duodenum in response to fats and acids, which stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme release; and secretin, released by the duodenum in response to stomach acid, which stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion to neutralize acid. Other important hormones are motilin, which controls gastrointestinal motility, and peptide YY and neurotensin, which are involved in regulating pancreatic and gastric secretions and gastrointestinal motility. Hormone-secreting
Gastrointestinal hormomes & their role in secretomotor fuction of the gut
This document discusses gastrointestinal hormones and their roles in regulating secretomotor function in the gut. It describes the various endocrine cells that secrete GI hormones, including enteroendocrine cells, enterochromaffin cells, and neuroendocrine cells. It provides details on major GI hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and somatostatin; describing where they are produced, their chemical structures, functions in regulating secretion and motility in the gut, and factors that stimulate or inhibit their secretion.
Git hormones
This document summarizes the families and functions of gastrointestinal hormones. It discusses the gastrin family, which includes gastrin and cholecystokinin. Gastrin stimulates acid and pepsin secretion while cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion. The secretin family is also covered, including secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion while GIP and VIP inhibit gastric acid. Other hormones discussed are glucagon, glicentin, motilin, neurotensin, substance P, somatostatin, ghrelin, peptide YY, and gastrin releasing peptide.
Hormones of the git
This document discusses the hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by introducing the gastrointestinal endocrine system and hormone receptors. It then discusses several families of hormones, including gastrin-cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, tachykinin, somatostatin, and secretin. For each hormone, it describes where it is produced, what stimulates its secretion, its targets and effects, and potential clinical applications. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the major hormones in the gastrointestinal system and their functions.
Gastrointestinal_Hormones_ppt[1].pptx
Gastrointestinal hormones are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine to control digestive functions. They include gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glucagon, somatostatin, motilin, substance P, and ghrelin. These hormones regulate processes like gastric acid secretion, gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme release, and gastrointestinal motility. Deficiencies in these hormones can lead to conditions such as peptic ulcers, gallbladder dysfunction, hypoglycemia, and gastrointestinal reflux.
Hormonal Control of Gastrointestinal Motility (1).pptx
This document summarizes several hormones that control gastrointestinal motility:
- Gastrin is secreted by stomach cells in response to food ingestion and stimulates gastric acid and mucosa growth.
- Cholecystokinin is secreted by small intestine cells in response to fat and stimulates gallbladder contraction and inhibits stomach contraction and appetite.
- Secretin is secreted by small intestine cells in response to acid and stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion to neutralize acid.
- Motilin is secreted by the stomach and duodenum during fasting and stimulates gastrointestinal motility in cycles.
Gastrointestinal hormones ( Gastrin , secretin and cholecystokinin)
This document discusses the functions and hormones of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It begins by outlining the main functions of the GI tract, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion, and movement. It then lists the major organs of the digestive system. The document primarily focuses on describing several important GI hormones, including their sites of secretion, targets, actions, and regulatory mechanisms. Specifically discussed are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin.
Gi hormone
The classical GI hormones are secreted by epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach and small intestine. These hormone-secreting cells - endocrinocytes - are interspersed among a much larger number of epithelial cells that secrete their products (acid, mucus, etc.) into the lumen or take up nutrients from the lumen. GI hormones are secreted into blood, and hence circulate systemically, where they affect function of other parts of the digestive tube, liver, pancreas, brain and a variety of other targets.
Git hormones-control-
The document discusses several intestinal hormones and their functions. It begins by defining hormones and their roles in the body. It then discusses over two dozen hormones identified in the gastrointestinal system, many of which are peptides. Important gut hormones discussed include gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, ghrelin, and their roles in stimulating gastric acid secretion, facilitating digestion, neutralizing acid in the small intestine, and stimulating growth hormone secretion and appetite, respectively. The document provides details on the structure, control of secretion, physiological effects, and some disease states related to deficiencies or excess of these important intestinal hormones.
Physio G I Hormones13
The document discusses several hormones that regulate gastrointestinal function, including:
1. Cholecystokinin (CCK) which stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile and pancreatic enzymes. It is secreted by the duodenum in response to proteins and fats.
2. Secretin which increases pancreatic bicarbonate and bile secretion. It is secreted by the duodenum in response to acid.
3. Gastrin which stimulates gastric acid secretion. It is secreted by G cells in the stomach in response to peptides and amino acids.
4. Other hormones discussed include VIP, motilin, GIP, ghrelin, and enteroglucagon which regulate processes
Physio Gi Hormones13.
The document discusses several hormones secreted by the small intestine that regulate gastrointestinal function. It describes:
1) Cholecystokinin (CCK), secreted by the duodenum, which stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes.
2) Secretin, also secreted by the duodenum, which increases bicarbonate secretion to neutralize acid and inhibits gastric acid production.
3) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) which is secreted by the duodenum and inhibits gastric emptying and acid secretion.
Gut hormones
This document discusses several gastrointestinal hormones and their functions. It begins by noting there are over 30 peptides secreted in the digestive tract, making the gut the largest endocrine organ. These peptides act as regulatory hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. The document then focuses on several key hormones: cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion; gastrin stimulates acid and pepsin secretion; secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion; and glucagon-like peptide 1 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Finally, it mentions somatostatin is the main inhibitory peptide and suppresses secretion of other hormones.
Gut hormone and its implication in glucose homeostasis
This document discusses gut hormones like ghrelin, GIP, amylin, GLP-1 and their roles in glucose homeostasis and implications for remission of type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery. It provides details on how these hormones are produced and secreted in response to food intake and their effects. Gastric bypass is noted to immediately improve glucose control before any weight loss by altering the secretion of these gut hormones through surgical rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract.
2022 GIT Biochemistry.pptx
The document provides information on biochemistry of the gastrointestinal system, including:
- Digestion and absorption of macronutrients and micronutrients
- The effect of gastrointestinal hormones on fuel metabolism such as ghrelin, GLP-1, and GIP
- Liver metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, detoxification, and production of clotting factors
GIT Physiology I
The document discusses the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract, including the layers of the GI wall, innervation by the enteric and autonomic nervous systems, and hormonal control of GI functions. It covers topics like the roles of motility, digestion, secretion and absorption in the GI system. Key hormones that control GI processes like gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme release and gallbladder contraction are also explained.
GASTROINTESTINAL ANATOMY
The document summarizes the gastrointestinal tract and gastric physiology. It describes the main parts of the gastrointestinal tract and their functions. It then focuses on the stomach, explaining gastric acid regulation and secretion. Key points include that gastric acid secretion is controlled by hormones like gastrin and inhibited by others. Tests like the pentagastrin test are used to measure basal and peak acid output to diagnose conditions like achlorhydria or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
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Recently uploaded
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
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In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
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Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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- 1. GI HORMONES Dr. Aviral Srivastav
- 2. • Biologically active polypeptides that are secreted by nerve cells and gland cells in the mucosa act in a paracrine fashion, but they also enter the circulation. Measurement of their concentrations inblood after a meal has shed light on the roles these gastrointestinal hormones play in the regulation of gastrointestinal secretion and motility.
- 3. GI Hormone • gastrin • secretin • CCK • gastric inhibitory peptide, aka GIP • Molitin • Peptide YY
- 4. Gastrin • Site -G cell in antrum of stomach and duodenum • primary stimuli -Strech,peptide and amino acid , vagus (through GRP) • general action -↑Gastric H＋ -↑Gastric mixing -↑lower gi tract motility
- 5. Motilin • Motilin is a polypeptide containing 22 amino acid residues that is secreted by enterochromaffin cells and Mo cells in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. It acts on G-protein-coupled receptors on enteric neurons in the duodenum and colon and produces contraction of smooth musclein the stomach and intestines in the period between meals.
- 6. Secretin • Site - s cell of the duodenum • primary stimuli -Acid chyme • general action -increase pancreatic buffer secretion -decrease gastric H ion -decrease Gastric emptying
- 7. CCK • Site - I cell of the duodenum and jejenum • primary stimuli -small peptide and amino acid , fats • general action - increases pancreatic enzyme secretion -contract gall bladder and relax sphincter of oddi decrease gastric emptying -increases lower gi tarct motility -increases pancreatic buffer secretion
- 8. GIP • Site - duodenum and jejenum • primary stimuli -Fatty acid , glucose and amino acid • general action -increases gastric H ion secretion -increases insulin secretion -inreases phase III contaction of MMC -decreases gastric emptying
- 9. Integrated action of GI hormone
- 11. THANK YOU