This document summarizes a study on greenhouse gas emissions from seasonal flooding of river deltas in Southeast Asia. The study found that methane concentrations were highest when soil moisture was high during flooding. Carbon dioxide concentrations and nitrous oxide levels were lower during flooding. When the soil dried out after flooding, there was a small peak in carbon dioxide emissions. The availability of aqueous and soil carbon decreased as the soil dried. The research aims to better understand how natural and human-caused flooding contributes to greenhouse gas production.
The document discusses observations of climate change from global and regional perspectives, noting that human activities have influenced the climate through increasing greenhouse gas emissions. It then summarizes trends in global temperature rise and changes in precipitation patterns, as well as projections for further temperature increases and impacts on tropical cyclones and monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia specifically. Adaptation and mitigation strategies are needed to address the physical and non-physical impacts of climate change.
2020, il punto di non ritorno del climaCarlo Rossi
This document discusses the need for global emissions to peak by 2020 in order to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. It summarizes the key risks of exceeding 1.5-2°C of warming such as destabilization of ice sheets and coral reef die off. It analyzes carbon budgets consistent with different emissions peaking years, finding that peaking by 2020 or earlier allows for greater reductions later on. Recent trends of flat global emissions over the past few years provide hope that peaking by 2020 is possible with major accelerated action. The document aims to outline six milestones that could help achieve a 2020 peak.
This document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report on climate change. It states that warming of the climate is unequivocal based on observations across the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Human influence has been the dominant cause of observed warming since the mid-20th century. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will cause further warming and changes to all components of the climate system. Limiting future warming will require substantial reductions in emissions.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Effects on the Carbon Cycle and A...Andreas Schmittner
1) Ice core data suggests that reductions in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are associated with increases in atmospheric CO2, as a weaker AMOC reduces the biological pump's ability to sequester carbon in the deep ocean.
2) Early modeling studies showed reductions in the AMOC decrease ocean and land carbon storage, leading to higher atmospheric CO2 levels.
3) More recent models simulate the millennial-scale changes in CO2 observed in ice cores by linking variations in the AMOC to changes in the preformed nutrient inventory and efficiency of the biological pump in sequestering carbon.
Global concern about climate change is high as unprecedented levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been confirmed by multiple sources. Rising CO2 concentrations correlate with increasing global temperatures that are breaking records and contributing to rising sea levels, according to data from NASA and Wikipedia.
The document discusses observations of climate change from global and regional perspectives, noting that human activities have influenced the climate through increasing greenhouse gas emissions. It then summarizes trends in global temperature rise and changes in precipitation patterns, as well as projections for further temperature increases and impacts on tropical cyclones and monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia specifically. Adaptation and mitigation strategies are needed to address the physical and non-physical impacts of climate change.
2020, il punto di non ritorno del climaCarlo Rossi
This document discusses the need for global emissions to peak by 2020 in order to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. It summarizes the key risks of exceeding 1.5-2°C of warming such as destabilization of ice sheets and coral reef die off. It analyzes carbon budgets consistent with different emissions peaking years, finding that peaking by 2020 or earlier allows for greater reductions later on. Recent trends of flat global emissions over the past few years provide hope that peaking by 2020 is possible with major accelerated action. The document aims to outline six milestones that could help achieve a 2020 peak.
This document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report on climate change. It states that warming of the climate is unequivocal based on observations across the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Human influence has been the dominant cause of observed warming since the mid-20th century. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will cause further warming and changes to all components of the climate system. Limiting future warming will require substantial reductions in emissions.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Effects on the Carbon Cycle and A...Andreas Schmittner
1) Ice core data suggests that reductions in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are associated with increases in atmospheric CO2, as a weaker AMOC reduces the biological pump's ability to sequester carbon in the deep ocean.
2) Early modeling studies showed reductions in the AMOC decrease ocean and land carbon storage, leading to higher atmospheric CO2 levels.
3) More recent models simulate the millennial-scale changes in CO2 observed in ice cores by linking variations in the AMOC to changes in the preformed nutrient inventory and efficiency of the biological pump in sequestering carbon.
Global concern about climate change is high as unprecedented levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been confirmed by multiple sources. Rising CO2 concentrations correlate with increasing global temperatures that are breaking records and contributing to rising sea levels, according to data from NASA and Wikipedia.
Key Findings of the IPCC WG1 Fifth Assessment ReportKatestone
Presentation given by Dr Julie Arblaster Senior Research Scientist at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Lead Author of the ‘Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility‘ chapter of Working Group I (WGI) contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Julie presented the findings and likely trends suggested by the future climate projections of her work.
The Caribbean 1.5 Project analyzed climate impacts in the Caribbean under scenarios of 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 2.5°C of global warming. They reported three interim headlines: 1) We don't have much time to limit warming to 1.5°C based on current emissions trajectories. 2) Reaching 1.5°C still won't stop further changes to regional climate like more extreme rainfall, heat waves, and dry spells. 3) Staying below 2.0°C or 2.5°C is significantly better for the Caribbean in terms of avoided climate impacts. The project involved over 45 scientists modeling climate and impacts in 7 sectors across 6 Caribbean nations.
Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Imlications for Jamaicaipcc-media
1) Jamaica and the Caribbean region have already experienced warming of 0.8 degrees Celsius between 1901 and 2012 according to IPCC data, with most months in the last two years being recorded as the warmest.
2) Climate change is projected to increase rainfall in Jamaica by up to 40% by 2050 and increase sea levels in the Caribbean by about 12 cm between 1993 and 2014 according to satellite data.
3) These changes threaten Jamaica with loss of livelihoods, settlements, infrastructure and ecosystem services as well as declining coral reef and agricultural yields, according to the IPCC and Jamaican climate experts.
The document discusses rising greenhouse gas emissions and their effects. It notes that greenhouse gases have increased since the pre-industrial era due to human activities like electricity generation, transportation, and industry. This has led to increased global temperatures and a rise in sea levels. While greenhouse gases are necessary in small amounts to regulate the planet's temperature, the large increases in recent times are causing problems like more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and effects on biodiversity. Mitigation efforts are needed to reduce emissions through behavioral changes, technological solutions, and carbon budgets.
This powerpoint presentation is produced by IPCC Working Group I for outreach purposes. It is based on the figures and approved text from the Working Group I Summary for Policymakers with some additional information on the process. The IPCC Working Group I website www.climatechange2013.org provides comprehensive access to all products generated by Working Group I during the fifth assessment cycle of the IPCC.
This document discusses developments in climate modeling and prediction. It describes how models have evolved from focusing solely on climate change to integrating weather and climate predictions from hours to decades. This allows for more detailed regional predictions and assessments of risks like drought, flooding and heat waves. The document also discusses how models now include more Earth system processes like the carbon cycle and how climate change may affect the ability of natural sinks like oceans and forests to absorb emissions. Overall it outlines the progress in climate modeling and predictions to provide information on potential impacts and risks at regional and local scales.
RELEVANCE OF HFCs AND OTHER SLCF GASES AND MAIN INTERNATIONAL REGULATION POLICYPietro Pecchi
This document provides an analysis of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) and international climate regulation policies. It begins with background on concepts like global warming potential (GWP) and defines key terms used to measure the impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on climate change, such as greenhouse effect, lifetime, and radiative forcing. It then discusses specific SLCFs like tropospheric ozone, black carbon, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, and the differences between SLCFs and longer-lived gases like CO2. The document also analyzes the environmental and economic impacts of reducing SLCFs as well as policies aimed at doing so. It provides a detailed outlook on hydrofluorocarbons, including
Ocean impacts (risks) under different temperature scenarios (1.5°C vs. 2°C vs...ipcc-media
This document summarizes the key risks oceans face under different levels of global warming, as identified in the IPCC's assessments. Oceans are already experiencing rising temperatures, deoxygenation, acidification, and reduced primary production. These changes intensify risks to marine life, fisheries, and coastal communities. Risks are greater above 1.5°C of warming, including potential losses of 90% of corals and a 20% reduction in habitat ranges of marine species. Limiting warming to 1.5°C compared to 2°C or more could help reduce these additional risks and allow more natural adaptation. Regional adaptation is already occurring but capacity is highest at lower warming levels.
Chapter 2: Mitigation pathways - The 1.5°C Transition: Challenges and Opportu...ipcc-media
1) Limiting warming to 1.5°C would require rapid and far-reaching transitions across all sectors and regions, including deep emissions cuts, a wide range of low-carbon technologies, and lifestyle changes.
2) 1.5°C pathways involve transitioning energy systems away from fossil fuels toward solar, wind, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) by mid-century, as well as fully decarbonizing the power and electricity sectors.
3) All 1.5°C pathways require some degree of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), particularly BECCS and afforestation/land-use management, capturing between 100-1000 gigatons of CO2
Present vs. Future Climate: What Science tells Us?ipcc-media
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report. It discusses the establishment of the IPCC to provide independent scientific assessments of climate change. It outlines the unequivocal warming of the climate system due to human influence and increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Projections indicate further warming and changes to the climate system, as well as impacts that are already occurring. Limiting warming to 2°C would require substantial emissions reductions, but delaying mitigation will increase challenges. Ambitious mitigation is needed and affordable. The choices made will determine different climate outcomes.
Climate Change: The Physical Science Basisipcc-media
The document discusses the physical science basis of climate change. It summarizes that global warming trends are unequivocal based on multiple lines of evidence. The dominant cause is extremely likely to be human influence, including increased CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. If emissions continue at a high level, global temperatures are projected to rise more than 1.5°C by the late 21st century compared to pre-industrial levels, with more regional warming differences and effects on weather patterns like worsening heat waves. Sea level rise will also continue due to ocean and ice sheet changes. Limiting future climate change will require substantial emissions reductions.
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report: Climate Change and Impacts ipcc-media
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report: Climate Change and Impacts by Renate Christ, Secretary of the IPCC, International Safranbolu Climate Change Conference, Safranbolu, Turkey, 25 March 2015
This document discusses corrections made to estimates of global ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes calculated from Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data. Applying temperature corrections to account for differences between sampling depths and subsurface temperatures increases the estimated fluxes by around 50% or 0.9 petagrams of carbon per year. The corrected global fluxes are consistent with observed increases in anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean interior. However, uncertainties remain high for the Southern Ocean and South Pacific, which contribute much to the overall uncertainty in estimated ocean CO2 uptake.
WGI: The Physical Science Basis - Overview Presentation, Thomas Stockeripcc-media
1) Warming of the climate system is unequivocal according to observations and understanding from the IPCC.
2) The concentrations of CO2 have increased to unprecedented levels in at least the last 800,000 years.
3) Further warming is expected to increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems according to the IPCC.
The physical basis of climate change: Key messages of the AR5 WGI Contributionipcc-media
The key messages from the AR5 WGI Contribution are that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, with atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide all increasing over 40%, 150%, and 20% respectively since 1750 due to human activity. It is extremely likely that over 50% of warming since 1951 is due to increased greenhouse gases and other human factors. Global temperature is likely to exceed 1.5°C by the end of the 21st century for all scenarios, and global sea level will continue rising between 0.26 and 0.98 meters during this century if greenhouse gas emissions are not substantially and sustainedly reduced.
The document summarizes the Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on mitigation of climate change. It describes the extensive work that went into the report, including 235 authors, over 800 reviewers, and close to 10,000 references. The report found that greenhouse gas emissions have grown significantly in recent decades despite reduction efforts. Effective mitigation will require substantial technological and economic changes across all sectors on a global scale, as well as significant international cooperation.
This document discusses the political challenges of solar geoengineering. It notes that the goals of the Paris Agreement to limit warming to 1.5-2°C may be difficult to achieve based on current emission reduction commitments. While solar geoengineering could potentially help reduce climate risks, there are concerns it could undermine emissions cuts, have unpredictable impacts if halted, and lead to conflicts over responsibility for weather events and democratic decision-making around its use. Independent assessment and consideration of alternatives would be needed to avoid interests prolonging fossil fuel use or decisions being captive to certain groups.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and how it leads to warming of the Earth. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and have increased due to human emissions. Data from ice cores shows a clear correlation between CO2 levels, temperature, and sea level rise over hundreds of thousands of years. While CO2 levels have increased about 40% since the industrial revolution, emissions continue to rise rapidly and could lead to over 2 degrees Celsius of warming with serious consequences if left unchecked.
The document is a report submitted by the group "Future Scientists" of class 8A to their teacher, Mrs. Kabita Mam. It discusses their participation in a group discussion on topics related to global warming, acid rain, and air pollution. The group expresses gratitude to their teacher for guiding them and to school administration for their support. An acknowledgment section thanks parents and friends for their contributions to completing the project.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's 5th assessment report on climate change. It notes that the report provides further evidence that human activity is the dominant cause of warming trends since the mid-20th century. Projections for future temperature increases have been reinforced, with global temperatures likely to exceed 1.5°C by 2100 under all scenarios except RCP2.6. The Bodele Depression in Chad is identified as one of the largest sources of dust in the world, exporting millions of tons annually that fertilize ecosystems in Africa, South America, and the Atlantic.
Key Findings of the IPCC WG1 Fifth Assessment ReportKatestone
Presentation given by Dr Julie Arblaster Senior Research Scientist at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Lead Author of the ‘Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility‘ chapter of Working Group I (WGI) contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Julie presented the findings and likely trends suggested by the future climate projections of her work.
The Caribbean 1.5 Project analyzed climate impacts in the Caribbean under scenarios of 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 2.5°C of global warming. They reported three interim headlines: 1) We don't have much time to limit warming to 1.5°C based on current emissions trajectories. 2) Reaching 1.5°C still won't stop further changes to regional climate like more extreme rainfall, heat waves, and dry spells. 3) Staying below 2.0°C or 2.5°C is significantly better for the Caribbean in terms of avoided climate impacts. The project involved over 45 scientists modeling climate and impacts in 7 sectors across 6 Caribbean nations.
Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Imlications for Jamaicaipcc-media
1) Jamaica and the Caribbean region have already experienced warming of 0.8 degrees Celsius between 1901 and 2012 according to IPCC data, with most months in the last two years being recorded as the warmest.
2) Climate change is projected to increase rainfall in Jamaica by up to 40% by 2050 and increase sea levels in the Caribbean by about 12 cm between 1993 and 2014 according to satellite data.
3) These changes threaten Jamaica with loss of livelihoods, settlements, infrastructure and ecosystem services as well as declining coral reef and agricultural yields, according to the IPCC and Jamaican climate experts.
The document discusses rising greenhouse gas emissions and their effects. It notes that greenhouse gases have increased since the pre-industrial era due to human activities like electricity generation, transportation, and industry. This has led to increased global temperatures and a rise in sea levels. While greenhouse gases are necessary in small amounts to regulate the planet's temperature, the large increases in recent times are causing problems like more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and effects on biodiversity. Mitigation efforts are needed to reduce emissions through behavioral changes, technological solutions, and carbon budgets.
This powerpoint presentation is produced by IPCC Working Group I for outreach purposes. It is based on the figures and approved text from the Working Group I Summary for Policymakers with some additional information on the process. The IPCC Working Group I website www.climatechange2013.org provides comprehensive access to all products generated by Working Group I during the fifth assessment cycle of the IPCC.
This document discusses developments in climate modeling and prediction. It describes how models have evolved from focusing solely on climate change to integrating weather and climate predictions from hours to decades. This allows for more detailed regional predictions and assessments of risks like drought, flooding and heat waves. The document also discusses how models now include more Earth system processes like the carbon cycle and how climate change may affect the ability of natural sinks like oceans and forests to absorb emissions. Overall it outlines the progress in climate modeling and predictions to provide information on potential impacts and risks at regional and local scales.
RELEVANCE OF HFCs AND OTHER SLCF GASES AND MAIN INTERNATIONAL REGULATION POLICYPietro Pecchi
This document provides an analysis of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) and international climate regulation policies. It begins with background on concepts like global warming potential (GWP) and defines key terms used to measure the impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on climate change, such as greenhouse effect, lifetime, and radiative forcing. It then discusses specific SLCFs like tropospheric ozone, black carbon, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, and the differences between SLCFs and longer-lived gases like CO2. The document also analyzes the environmental and economic impacts of reducing SLCFs as well as policies aimed at doing so. It provides a detailed outlook on hydrofluorocarbons, including
Ocean impacts (risks) under different temperature scenarios (1.5°C vs. 2°C vs...ipcc-media
This document summarizes the key risks oceans face under different levels of global warming, as identified in the IPCC's assessments. Oceans are already experiencing rising temperatures, deoxygenation, acidification, and reduced primary production. These changes intensify risks to marine life, fisheries, and coastal communities. Risks are greater above 1.5°C of warming, including potential losses of 90% of corals and a 20% reduction in habitat ranges of marine species. Limiting warming to 1.5°C compared to 2°C or more could help reduce these additional risks and allow more natural adaptation. Regional adaptation is already occurring but capacity is highest at lower warming levels.
Chapter 2: Mitigation pathways - The 1.5°C Transition: Challenges and Opportu...ipcc-media
1) Limiting warming to 1.5°C would require rapid and far-reaching transitions across all sectors and regions, including deep emissions cuts, a wide range of low-carbon technologies, and lifestyle changes.
2) 1.5°C pathways involve transitioning energy systems away from fossil fuels toward solar, wind, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) by mid-century, as well as fully decarbonizing the power and electricity sectors.
3) All 1.5°C pathways require some degree of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), particularly BECCS and afforestation/land-use management, capturing between 100-1000 gigatons of CO2
Present vs. Future Climate: What Science tells Us?ipcc-media
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report. It discusses the establishment of the IPCC to provide independent scientific assessments of climate change. It outlines the unequivocal warming of the climate system due to human influence and increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Projections indicate further warming and changes to the climate system, as well as impacts that are already occurring. Limiting warming to 2°C would require substantial emissions reductions, but delaying mitigation will increase challenges. Ambitious mitigation is needed and affordable. The choices made will determine different climate outcomes.
Climate Change: The Physical Science Basisipcc-media
The document discusses the physical science basis of climate change. It summarizes that global warming trends are unequivocal based on multiple lines of evidence. The dominant cause is extremely likely to be human influence, including increased CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. If emissions continue at a high level, global temperatures are projected to rise more than 1.5°C by the late 21st century compared to pre-industrial levels, with more regional warming differences and effects on weather patterns like worsening heat waves. Sea level rise will also continue due to ocean and ice sheet changes. Limiting future climate change will require substantial emissions reductions.
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report: Climate Change and Impacts ipcc-media
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report: Climate Change and Impacts by Renate Christ, Secretary of the IPCC, International Safranbolu Climate Change Conference, Safranbolu, Turkey, 25 March 2015
This document discusses corrections made to estimates of global ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes calculated from Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data. Applying temperature corrections to account for differences between sampling depths and subsurface temperatures increases the estimated fluxes by around 50% or 0.9 petagrams of carbon per year. The corrected global fluxes are consistent with observed increases in anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean interior. However, uncertainties remain high for the Southern Ocean and South Pacific, which contribute much to the overall uncertainty in estimated ocean CO2 uptake.
WGI: The Physical Science Basis - Overview Presentation, Thomas Stockeripcc-media
1) Warming of the climate system is unequivocal according to observations and understanding from the IPCC.
2) The concentrations of CO2 have increased to unprecedented levels in at least the last 800,000 years.
3) Further warming is expected to increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems according to the IPCC.
The physical basis of climate change: Key messages of the AR5 WGI Contributionipcc-media
The key messages from the AR5 WGI Contribution are that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, with atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide all increasing over 40%, 150%, and 20% respectively since 1750 due to human activity. It is extremely likely that over 50% of warming since 1951 is due to increased greenhouse gases and other human factors. Global temperature is likely to exceed 1.5°C by the end of the 21st century for all scenarios, and global sea level will continue rising between 0.26 and 0.98 meters during this century if greenhouse gas emissions are not substantially and sustainedly reduced.
The document summarizes the Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on mitigation of climate change. It describes the extensive work that went into the report, including 235 authors, over 800 reviewers, and close to 10,000 references. The report found that greenhouse gas emissions have grown significantly in recent decades despite reduction efforts. Effective mitigation will require substantial technological and economic changes across all sectors on a global scale, as well as significant international cooperation.
This document discusses the political challenges of solar geoengineering. It notes that the goals of the Paris Agreement to limit warming to 1.5-2°C may be difficult to achieve based on current emission reduction commitments. While solar geoengineering could potentially help reduce climate risks, there are concerns it could undermine emissions cuts, have unpredictable impacts if halted, and lead to conflicts over responsibility for weather events and democratic decision-making around its use. Independent assessment and consideration of alternatives would be needed to avoid interests prolonging fossil fuel use or decisions being captive to certain groups.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and how it leads to warming of the Earth. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and have increased due to human emissions. Data from ice cores shows a clear correlation between CO2 levels, temperature, and sea level rise over hundreds of thousands of years. While CO2 levels have increased about 40% since the industrial revolution, emissions continue to rise rapidly and could lead to over 2 degrees Celsius of warming with serious consequences if left unchecked.
The document is a report submitted by the group "Future Scientists" of class 8A to their teacher, Mrs. Kabita Mam. It discusses their participation in a group discussion on topics related to global warming, acid rain, and air pollution. The group expresses gratitude to their teacher for guiding them and to school administration for their support. An acknowledgment section thanks parents and friends for their contributions to completing the project.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's 5th assessment report on climate change. It notes that the report provides further evidence that human activity is the dominant cause of warming trends since the mid-20th century. Projections for future temperature increases have been reinforced, with global temperatures likely to exceed 1.5°C by 2100 under all scenarios except RCP2.6. The Bodele Depression in Chad is identified as one of the largest sources of dust in the world, exporting millions of tons annually that fertilize ecosystems in Africa, South America, and the Atlantic.
Professor Brian Hoskins discusses the risks of climate change from increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. By emitting these gases, humanity is performing a "very dangerous experiment" with the planet. The climate is already warming, with multiple lines of evidence showing impacts. Models project further warming this century of 2-4°C depending on emissions. Deep cuts in emissions are needed globally by 2050 to limit risks. The UK has a target of an 80% reduction in emissions by 2050, but meeting targets will be challenging and require changes across society.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It describes how greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere, causing average global temperatures to increase. As temperatures rise, the document predicts glaciers will melt and sea levels will rise by 20-65 cm by 2100, flooding many coastal areas. The enhanced greenhouse effect will significantly impact global temperatures, climate, ecosystems, agriculture, and human health and livelihoods according to the text.
The first climate and weather presentation I\'ve given for 2012. Went over well, especially since I\'ve included video and improved the narrative (thanks to Stephan and John and their Debunking Handbook for that).
This document discusses global environmental problems and efforts to address them. It covers topics like greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect, global warming and its effects/solutions, climate change impacts on humans, ozone layer formation/depletion, and international conventions/protocols. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane are accumulating in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels and agriculture. This is causing global warming, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather. The document also explains the formation of the ozone layer and how chlorofluorocarbons have depleted it, as well as phenomena like El Niño and La Niña.
The document discusses global warming and its causes, evidence, and potential impacts. It also outlines strategies to mitigate and adapt to global warming effects, including the Kyoto Protocol which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Key technologies discussed are carbon capture and storage from large industrial sources, with geological storage seen as a promising option to help address the global challenge of climate change.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of climate change. It explains that climate change is driven by both natural factors like changes in the sun's output and the Earth's orbit, as well as human factors like greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane, trapping more heat and causing global warming. The document outlines how this warming affects natural carbon sinks like forests, oceans, and wetlands that normally absorb carbon from the atmosphere. Deforestation, ocean acidification, and loss of wetlands reduce their ability to store carbon and regulate the climate.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of climate change. It explains that climate change is natural but is now exacerbated by human activities that release greenhouse gases. Key causes of climate change discussed are changes in the sun's output, shifts in Earth's orbit, continental drift, volcanic eruptions, and the greenhouse effect from increased greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect and urban heat islands are highlighted as human-caused factors. Carbon sources like fossil fuel burning and deforestation are outlined, as well as carbon sinks like forests, oceans, and wetlands that absorb carbon but are threatened by human activities.
The document summarizes key concepts about climate change and the ozone layer. It discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased greenhouse gas levels and global temperatures over the past century. It also explains how certain chemicals released into the atmosphere deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, increasing health and environmental risks. A variety of international efforts aim to reduce emissions and protect the ozone.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide absorb outgoing infrared radiation, warming the atmosphere and surface in a process called the greenhouse effect. While these gases occur naturally, human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased their atmospheric concentrations. Carbon dioxide levels have increased by 40% since the industrial era began, rising from 260 ppm to over 380 ppm currently, beyond the range of natural variation seen in ice core records over the past million years. This enhanced greenhouse effect is contributing to global warming.
Climate change discussion and various scientific viewpoints weave a matrix of knowledge in an incredibly complex global environment. Carbon dioxide sequestration is part of the matrix of environmental solutions that will accelerate our ability to develop and deploy green renewable energy.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report's Working Group 1 contribution on the physical science basis of climate change. It involved 259 authors from 39 countries, who found clear evidence that climate change poses a serious risk and is caused by human activity such as greenhouse gas emissions. If emissions continue at high levels, global temperatures will likely rise more than 2°C by 2100 and warming effects like sea level rise will be irreversible for hundreds of years. Immediate emissions reductions are required to limit global warming.
Presentation given by Dr EJ Anthony from Cranfield University about Direct Air Capture at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
Global warming is caused by increased atmospheric CO2 from human activities like burning fossil fuels. This traps more heat and warms the planet, causing temperature and sea level rises. To mitigate global warming, we need to reduce CO2 emissions through options like renewable energy and energy efficiency, using economic considerations to choose the most cost-effective combination.
This presentation discusses global warming and its effects on water resources. It defines global warming as an increase in average temperatures due to greenhouse gases from human activities. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. Increased global temperatures are causing sea levels to rise and extreme weather events to occur more frequently. This affects water resources through changes in precipitation patterns, evaporation, runoff, and snowpack, posing challenges for water storage, demand and quality. The presentation examines these climate change impacts on water resources in detail.
Effect of Global Warming on Soil Organic CarbonAmruta Raut
Global warming is causing soils to release carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important carbon pool that is sensitive to climate factors like temperature and precipitation. As temperatures rise due to global warming, it increases microbial decomposition of SOC, releasing more carbon dioxide. However, implementing strategies to sequester carbon in soils, like cover cropping, adding amendments, and reducing tillage, could help mitigate climate change by storing carbon long-term in SOC pools. Careful management of SOC is vital for protecting this important carbon sink and regulating greenhouse gas levels.
1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Seasonal
Flooding of Southeast Asian Tropical River Deltas
Amy Salvador[2] Michael Schaefer[1] Kate Roberts[1] Marco Keiluweit[1] Sam Ying[2] Scott
Fendorf[1]
August 13th 2015
[1] Stanford University [2]University of California, Riverside
32. O2
Results of Flooding Conditions
CO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
May 10 – 24,2015
Small CO2 Peak
Flooding Event
CO2
35. CO2
CO2 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
May 10 – 24,2015
Small CO2 Peak
Flooding Event
CO2
36. O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry Conditions
CO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
May 10 – 24,2015
CO2 Flux
Flooding Event
CO2
59. “Organic carbon oxidation
rates, as measured by
dissolved inorganic carbon
(DIC) concentrations,
further support arsenic
liberation via near-surface
anaerobic microbial
respiration.”
We already know that GHG’s are steadily rising and that humans contribute a lot towards emissions, but it is also important to know that soil is an important agent to produce and absorb these gases.
Loss of biodiversity
Changes in water system in terms of precipitation, runoff events, and rising sea levels, ocean acidification. But also change in clean water availability.
Changes in soil system in terms of arable soil lost via erosion and
Health issues following flooding/drying – diarrhea, water contaminants (arsenic, chromium, fe/al toxicity)
From researching gases emitted following variations of flooded and non-flooded conditions as exhibited naturally by flooding and drying, we can project how human use of land like flooding of rice paddies or drying of wetlands impacts the GHG gas concentrations and the following side effects.
We already know that GHG’s are steadily rising and that humans contribute a lot towards emissions, but it is also important to know that soil is an important agent to produce and absorb these gases.
Loss of biodiversity
Changes in water system in terms of precipitation, runoff events, and rising sea levels, ocean acidification. But also change in clean water availability.
Changes in soil system in terms of arable soil lost via erosion and
Health issues following flooding/drying – diarrhea, water contaminants (arsenic, chromium, fe/al toxicity)
From researching gases emitted following variations of flooded and non-flooded conditions as exhibited naturally by flooding and drying, we can project how human use of land like flooding of rice paddies or drying of wetlands impacts the GHG gas concentrations and the following side effects.
Project from one small area that we assume is exemplary of whole delta and able to apply assumptions to a larger whole of similar tropical climates.
So then, what we must consider, is the effectiveness of each compound in the atmosphere. According to the EPA, N2O has 298 times the capacity to trap heat in the atmosphere than CO2. And CH4 has 25 times the effectiveness.
http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/documents/pdf/2013/documents/2013-data-elements.pdf
Fossil fuels are the remnants of ancient life but living organisms are also important to the composition of the atmosphere and much of aquatic chemistry
2 stroke process of vegetative biomass converts CO2 and H2O into O2 and complex sugars that they can dump into the soil.
The other side of this process is oxidation or respiration in which microbes can eat these complex sugars, breathe in O2 and exhale CO2 much like us humans do. And on their other end emit CH4 and excrete Nitrogen as ammonia also like we do.
BUT when we humans run out of air, that’s it, we die. But what is so great about microbes is that they don’t need O2 as much as we do. They can live in O2 free conditions and take up other compounds that remain in the soil
Fossil fuels are the remnants of ancient life but living organisms are also important to the composition of the atmosphere and much of aquatic chemistry
2 stroke process of vegetative biomass converts CO2 and H2O into O2 and complex sugars that they can dump into the soil.
The other side of this process is oxidation or respiration in which microbes can eat these complex sugars, breathe in O2 and exhale CO2 much like us humans do. And on their other end emit CH4 and excrete Nitrogen as ammonia also like we do.
BUT when we humans run out of air, that’s it, we die. But what is so great about microbes is that they don’t need O2 as much as we do. They can live in O2 free conditions and take up other compounds that remain in the soil
Terrestrial Biome successfully sequesters or stores Carbon and Nitrogen into the soil. Or you can look at it on the opposite spectrum that this stored C and N is available for microbes to use them and emit them into the atmosphere.
Terrestrial Biome successfully sequesters or stores Carbon and Nitrogen into the soil. Or you can look at it on the opposite spectrum that this stored C and N is available for microbes to use them and emit them into the atmosphere.
Water is the medium that weathers minerals and transfers elements between the soil/water interface.
*What can this tell us?
- organic carbon and oxygen also in water released from soil and can interact with other elements.
ie. PO43- and Fe stick to organics and keep them in aqueous phase rather than gaseous.
What youre looking at is the soil moisture over the whole globe. What we can we see of the tropics around the equator is great fluctuations in wet/dry periods.
WHY?
Changes such as drying or flooding can result in drastic changes of Carbon sequestration or GHG emissions.
The Mekong is an example of transient moisture regimes. Such as extreme wetting and drying and very fast and drastic vegetation growing seasons and likewise dying seasons. Which is why the Mekong is interesting to study.
Picture source:
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/10/5122/htm
Leads to question how is soil temperature affect gas emissions?
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
At the site, gases were taken off of flooded as well as dried soil.
Water sample were also taken to view at the carbon and nitrogen pool in the aqueous phase.
Soil sample were taken to measure the total carbon and nitrogen storage in the soil available to microbes.
Soil moisture lysimeters permanently installed to measure every 30 minutes.
More labile carbon available during flooding at surface. At depth more stable carbon because less biotic uptake
More labile carbon available during flooding at surface. At depth more stable carbon because less biotic uptake
More labile carbon available during flooding at surface. At depth more stable carbon because less biotic uptake
Smaller fraction, has more surface area to hold carbon BUT also less diffusion of oxygen under flooded conditions to release carbon as CO2.
Smaller fraction hold more Carbon. Less oxygen available in smaller fraction especially under flooded conditions
Smaller fraction hold more Carbon. Less oxygen available in smaller fraction especially under flooded conditions
Without oxygen my guess is that less iron oxides formed as well which would keep carbon out of the dense fraction.