Gfol l5 london after the fire
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The Great Fire of London dramatically changed the city. Before the fire, London's houses were crowded together and made primarily of wood, which allowed the fire to spread quickly. After the fire destroyed thousands of homes, the rebuilt city featured brick and stone houses with wider streets and fire breaks between structures to limit the spread of potential future fires. A famous architect named Christopher Wren designed many new important buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral, helping reshape the city after the devastating fire.
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9
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Gfol l5 london after the fire
- 1. Tuesday 8th October 2013 The Great Fire of London LO To be able to explain how London was rebuilt after the Great Fire of London. SC: I can tell you what materials were used. I can describe the building methods. I can compare London before and after the Great Fire of London.
- 2. Monday 7th October 2013 The Great Fire of London How did the fire change London? What have we learnt so far about the Great Fire of London?
- 3. The Great Fire changed London dramatically. London before the fire was not a very nice place to be. The houses were all crowed together and made of wood which burned easily. After the fire, thousands of people were made homeless. New houses were built using bricks and stones. The streets were widened. Streets were built with ‘fire breaks’ - a big space between sets of houses so if another fire happened the flames wouldn’t be able to jump across to other houses. Lots of important buildings had been destroyed in the fire. Wren, an architect designed many new important buildings and he also designed St Paul’s Cathedral.
- 4. St Paul’s Cathedral Lets have a look at how London has changed.
- 5. Outside Monument Station on the Underground, you will see a huge tower – a monument. It is the tallest column in the world at 202 feet. The height of the column is the same distance from the base to the baker’s house where the fire started, in Pudding Lane.
- 6. Imagine you are King Charles II How would you stop the fire from happening again? • What could make the new houses safer? • What can be done to make the streets cleaner? • What could they do to make the streets wider?
- 7. • brick or stone houses • more fire buckets • more fire hooks • fire engines • clean streets • street cleaners • wider streets