The document discusses different approaches to negotiation - specifically a soft approach that focuses on reaching agreement amicably while making concessions, a hard approach that sees negotiation as a contest to win at all costs, and the principled negotiation method developed at Harvard that is "hard on the merits, soft on the people" by employing no tricks or posturing. It notes that principled negotiation shows how to be fair while protecting against being taken advantage of, and acknowledges how easy it is for people to misunderstand each other and take things personally in problems without considering different perspectives.