1. Negotiations in EU decision-making

2. international negotiations

3. EU negotiations

4. Source: Wallace & Hayes-Renshaw, 2006 Scope Participants Single Issue Multi-issue Wide scope Bilateral Channel Tunnel Poland/Ukraine France/Germany Restricted Multilateral European Space Agency Nordic Council G7/8 European Union Extended Multilateral World Trade Organization Council of Europe United Nations Setting Intensity Weak rules Limited rules Strong rules Occasional or time limited Channel Tunnel Medium frequency Poland/Ukraine Council of Europe G7/8 Nordic Council World Trade Organization Very frequent United Nations European Space Agency European Union

5. restricted multilateral wide scope very frequent strong rules

6. ‘continuous negotiation’ institutions rules and norms club

7. national community

8. cleavages issues north-south east-west policy-driven (CAP)

9. community method

10. legislative acts directives regulations decisions opinions & recommendations

11. EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT COUNCIL LEGISLATIVE ACT

13. stages of negotiation

14. preparation decision implementation

15. DG ENTR DG ENV preparation decision implementation DG ENTR commission

16. implementation preparation decision committee industry committee environment plenary committee industry comitology

17. preparation decision implementation comitology working group industry working group environment COREPER council

18. vote majority majority unanimity majority qualified majority

19. Council’s procedure COUNCIL COREPER CSA Working groups and special committees Agenda: Points A: Agreement Points B: Negotiation Agenda: Points I: Agreement Points II: Negotiation

20. Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) Member States Votes Germany, United Kingdom, France and Italy 29 Spain and Poland 27 Romania 14 Netherlands 13 Greece, Czech Republic, Belgium, Hungary and Portugal 12 Sweden, Austria and Bulgaria 10 Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Lithuania 7 Latvia, Slovenia, Estonia, Cyprus and Luxembourg 4 Malta 3 QMV = 255 Demographic verification = 62% of total EU population Blocking minority = 91 345

21. multilevel networks member states council parliament commission EU institutions pan-european organizations

22. three pillars X EUROPEAN COMMUNITY I COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY II JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS III

23. CFSP (!) EUROPEAN COMMUNITY I COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY II