This document summarizes the life-cycle approach to addressing HIV. It discusses progress and challenges in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV and treating children living with HIV. It also examines new HIV infections and interventions among young people, key populations, and people at different stages of life. Charts and data from countries worldwide are presented on topics like HIV testing, condom use, treatment coverage, and criminalization status.
По оценкам программы Организации Объединенных Наций по ВИЧ/СПИД UNAIDS, по количеству инфицированных и по методам борьбы с болезнью Россия занимает место в одном ряду с Центральноафриканской Республикой, Демократической Республикой Конго, Индонезией, Нигерией и Южным Суданом. В этих странах не только постоянно увеличивается и без того большое число инфицированных, но они также испытывают недостаток в антиретровирусных препаратах.
Ambassador-at-Large Deborah L. Birx, MD is the Coordinator of the US Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS. She discusses the importance of the faith community in addressing HIV/AIDS.
По оценкам программы Организации Объединенных Наций по ВИЧ/СПИД UNAIDS, по количеству инфицированных и по методам борьбы с болезнью Россия занимает место в одном ряду с Центральноафриканской Республикой, Демократической Республикой Конго, Индонезией, Нигерией и Южным Суданом. В этих странах не только постоянно увеличивается и без того большое число инфицированных, но они также испытывают недостаток в антиретровирусных препаратах.
Ambassador-at-Large Deborah L. Birx, MD is the Coordinator of the US Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS. She discusses the importance of the faith community in addressing HIV/AIDS.
Women & Girls: Behavioral Health, HIV, HEP and more Alton King
Whether at home or abroad, women and girls are feeling the lopsided effects of HIV. Put another way, nearly 1,000 young women are newly infected with HIV daily. Trauma and intimate
partner violence (IPV) are but numerous factors driving this epidemic. SAMHSA is undertaking a multifaceted approach to engage behavioral health issues, the SAVA syndemic, and the opioid epidemic through innovative behavioral health programs.
Improving Child Outcomes through Social Protection: Evidence from the Transfe...FAO
http://www.fao.org/economic/PtoP/en/
Impacts of social protection programmes on child outcomes in Africa. Presentation given during the African Union Expert Consultation on Children and Social Protection Systems in Africa, 30 April 2014, Cape Town.
The General Household Survey outlines key findings on development in South Africa over the past fifteen years since the first GHS was conducted in 2002.
The GHS aims to assess the levels of development in the country as well as the extent of service delivery and the quality of services in a number of key service sectors, including health, disability, social security, housing, energy, access to and use of water and sanitation, environment, refuse removal, telecommunications, transport, household income, access to food, and agriculture.
Dr. Kathleen Brady (AACO)'s annual epidemiological update. This presentation was given to the Philadelphia EMA Ryan White Planning Council on Thursday, February 20, 2014.
October 7, 2019
On October 7, 2019, the Harvard Global Health Institute will host a one-day symposium to explore what enabled this visionary program, and to showcase how it has transformed not just the worldwide HIV/AIDS response but global health delivery more broadly.
There are many lessons learned in PEPFAR’s story - from what it took to build a supply chain where there was none, to establishing the use of generic antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) and leveraging human capacity. This event convened the early architects of PEPFAR as well as experts and implementers currently leading the charge. We took a historically informed look at what it will take to stop global transmission, and shared tools useful for others hoping to move the needle on vexing problems in global health.
For more information, visit our website at https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/15-years-of-pepfar
Women & Girls: Behavioral Health, HIV, HEP and more Alton King
Whether at home or abroad, women and girls are feeling the lopsided effects of HIV. Put another way, nearly 1,000 young women are newly infected with HIV daily. Trauma and intimate
partner violence (IPV) are but numerous factors driving this epidemic. SAMHSA is undertaking a multifaceted approach to engage behavioral health issues, the SAVA syndemic, and the opioid epidemic through innovative behavioral health programs.
Improving Child Outcomes through Social Protection: Evidence from the Transfe...FAO
http://www.fao.org/economic/PtoP/en/
Impacts of social protection programmes on child outcomes in Africa. Presentation given during the African Union Expert Consultation on Children and Social Protection Systems in Africa, 30 April 2014, Cape Town.
The General Household Survey outlines key findings on development in South Africa over the past fifteen years since the first GHS was conducted in 2002.
The GHS aims to assess the levels of development in the country as well as the extent of service delivery and the quality of services in a number of key service sectors, including health, disability, social security, housing, energy, access to and use of water and sanitation, environment, refuse removal, telecommunications, transport, household income, access to food, and agriculture.
Dr. Kathleen Brady (AACO)'s annual epidemiological update. This presentation was given to the Philadelphia EMA Ryan White Planning Council on Thursday, February 20, 2014.
October 7, 2019
On October 7, 2019, the Harvard Global Health Institute will host a one-day symposium to explore what enabled this visionary program, and to showcase how it has transformed not just the worldwide HIV/AIDS response but global health delivery more broadly.
There are many lessons learned in PEPFAR’s story - from what it took to build a supply chain where there was none, to establishing the use of generic antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) and leveraging human capacity. This event convened the early architects of PEPFAR as well as experts and implementers currently leading the charge. We took a historically informed look at what it will take to stop global transmission, and shared tools useful for others hoping to move the needle on vexing problems in global health.
For more information, visit our website at https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/15-years-of-pepfar
APCRSHR10 Virtual plenary presentation of Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director of...CNS www.citizen-news.org
This is the plenary presentation of Mr Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific, on "Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”, which was made as part of the 12th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (#APCRSHR10) Virtual. This session was held in lead up to #WorldAIDSDay and #16DaysofActivism against sexual and other forms of gender-based violence, on the theme of "HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific".
Chair: Jennifer Butler, Director, UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional office based in Fiji
Plenary Speaker: Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific | “Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”
Abstract Presenters:
-------------------------
* Jude Tayaben | Successes, Pitfalls, and Moving Forward: Adivayan Youth Health Center- A school-based program addressing Adolescent Sexuality, and Reproductive Health Issues in Benguet, Philippines
* Samreen, Manisha Dhakal | Integrating transgender health into HIV and SRHR programming in Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
* Harjyot Khosa | Stigma, sex work and non-disclosure to health care providers: Exploring dynamics of anal sex through community led monitoring to bridge gaps in HIV care continuum services
* Angela Kelly Hanku, Agnes K. Mek | I can, I want, I will and Young & Positive: Two visual method projects with young women living with HIV in Papua New Guinea
For more information on the session, please visit
www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual12
Official conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org
Thanks
The place
The people
Brief history
Thai worldviews
Buddhism
Culture and social organization
Social values
Key events and persons
Challenges of modern Thailand
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Proportion of new HIV infections by sex, global
and eastern and southern Africa, 2015
Men
Age (years)
global
Percentage(%)
Women
Age (years)
eastern and southern Africa
4. Investments in the AIDS responses of low- and middle-
income countries, by source of funding, 2000–2015
Source: UNAIDS estimates, June 2016 - UNAIDS-Kaiser Family Foundation. Financing the response to AIDS in low- and middle-income countries till 2015 - OECD CRS last accessed June 2016.
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
US$(billion)
United States (bilateral)
Other bilateral governmentsDomestic (public and private) Other multilaterals and foundations
5. Source: Lamontagne E, Over M, Stover J et al. The economic returns of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. 2016, in press.
Additional HIV infections averted through a Fast-Track
response, compared to 2015 levels of coverage, 2016–2030
Eastern and southern Africa Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean
Western and central Africa Eastern Europe and central Asia North Africa and the Middle East)
Number(millions)
6. Additional AIDS-related deaths averted through a Fast-Track
response, compared to 2015 levels of coverage, 2016–2030
Source: Lamontagne E, Over M, Stover J et al. The economic returns of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. 2016, in press.
Number(millions)
Eastern and southern Africa
Western and central Africa
Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean
Eastern Europe and central Asia North Africa and the Middle East)
8. New HIV infections among children (aged 0–14 years) and percentage of pregnant
women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral medicines (either prophylaxis
or lifelong therapy) to prevent mother-to-child transmission, global, 2005–2015
Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Note: In 2010, single-dose nevirapine was no longer included in ARV coverage as an effective regimen for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
New HIV
infections
PMTCT
coverage
Global targets
of new HIV infections
Global PMTCT
target
Number
of new
HIV
infections
among
children
(aged
0–14
years)
Percentage
(%) of
pregnant
women
living with
HIV
accessing
PMTCT
services
9. Source: 2016 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Children (aged 0–14 years) living with HIV on antiretroviral
therapy and number of AIDS-related deaths among children,
global, 2005–July 2016
Children living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment
Global child antiretroviral treatment target
AIDS-related deaths among children
Number of
AIDS-
related
deaths
among
children
(aged
0–14
years)
Number of
children
living with
HIV (aged
0–14 years)
on
antiretroviral
therapy
10. Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Distribution of new HIV infections among children
(aged 0–14 years), global, 2015
Nigeria
India
Kenya
Indonesia
Zimbabwe
South Africa
United Republic of Tanzania
Mozambique
Remaining
countries
Malawi
Zambia
11. Progress toward the elimination of HIV infections
among children (aged 0–14 years), by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
L
Measures not available
≤ 32%
33–65%
66–94%
≥95%
Decline in new HIV infections
among children (aged 0-14
years), low- and middle-income
countries, 2010-2015
Percentage of pregnant women
living with HIV receiving
antiretroviral medicines (either
prophylaxis or lifelong therapy)
to prevent mother-to-child
transmission, low- and middle-
income countries, 2015
Asia and the Pacific
Afghanistan
Australia
Bangladesh
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Viet Nam
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Republic of Moldova
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Legend
Measures not available
≤ 19%
20–49%
50–79%
≥80%
12. Progress toward the elimination of HIV infections
among children (aged 0–14 years), by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Decline in new HIV infections
among children (aged 0-14
years), low- and middle-income
countries, 2010-2015
Percentage of pregnant women
living with HIV receiving
antiretroviral medicines (either
prophylaxis or lifelong therapy)
to prevent mother-to-child
transmission, low- and middle-
income countries, 2015
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Bahamas
Belize
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
L
Measures not available
≤ 32%
33–65%
66–94%
≥95%
Legend
Measures not available
≤ 19%
20–49%
50–79%
≥80%
13. Progress toward the elimination of HIV infections
among children (aged 0–14 years), by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Decline in new HIV infections
among children (aged 0-14
years), low- and middle-income
countries, 2010-2015
Percentage of pregnant women
living with HIV receiving
antiretroviral medicines (either
prophylaxis or lifelong therapy)
to prevent mother-to-child
transmission, low- and middle-
income countries, 2015
Eastern and southern Africa
Angola
Botswana
Eritrea
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Rwanda
South Africa
South Sudan
Swaziland
Uganda
United Republic of Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Morocco
Somalia
Sudan
Yemen
L
Measures not available
≤ 32%
33–65%
66–94%
≥95%
Legend
Measures not available
≤ 19%
20–49%
50–79%
≥80%
14. Progress toward the elimination of HIV infections
among children (aged 0–14 years), by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Decline in new HIV infections
among children (aged 0-14
years), low- and middle-income
countries, 2010-2015
Percentage of pregnant women
living with HIV receiving
antiretroviral medicines (either
prophylaxis or lifelong therapy)
to prevent mother-to-child
transmission, low- and middle-
income countries, 2015
Western and central Africa
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cabo Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Western & Central Europe & North America
Greece
Italy
Latvia
Legend
Measures not available
≤ 19%
20–49%
50–79%
≥80%
L
Measures not available
≤ 32%
33–65%
66–94%
≥95%
Spain
15. Six-week and final mother-to-child transmission rates,
by country, 2015
Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Six-week
transmission rate
Final
transmission rate
Mother-to-child transmission rate (%)
Angola
Chad
Ghana
Côte d’Ivoire
Cameroon
Lesotho
Malawi
United Republic of Tanzania
Zimbabwe
Burundi
Mozambique
Zambia
Namibia
Swaziland
Uganda
Botswana
South Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kenya
16. AIDS-related deaths among children by age group,
global, 2000–2015
Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Number
0–4
years
5–9
years
10–14
years
17. Percentage of infants born to women living with HIV receiving
a virological test within the first two months of life, by country, 2015
Source: 2016 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting.
Percentage(%)
18. Four prongs to eliminate mother-to-child transmission
of HIV and improve maternal health
Prong 4
Provision of appropriate
treatment, care and
support to women,
children living with HIV
and their families
Women of
reproductive age
Women living with HIV
Pregnant women living
with HIV
Children living with HIV
Prong 1
Primary prevention of
HIV among women of
childbearing age
Prong 2
Prevention of
unintended
pregnancies among
women living with HIV
Prong 3
Prevention of HIV from a
woman living with HIV to
her infant
20. New HIV infections among young women
(aged 15–24 years), global, 2005–2015
Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
New HIV infections Global target
Number
21. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2015.
* Data for South Africa refers to condom use at last sex among young women aged 15-24 who reported being sexually active.
Percentage of young women (aged 15–24 years) reporting use of a condom
at last sexual intercourse with a non-regular partner in the 12 months prior
to the survey, eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 2012–2015Percentage(%)
Lesotho Namibia Kenya Rwanda South
Africa*
Nigeria Zambia Comoros
22. Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods
among young women (aged 15–24 years), by country, 2010–2015
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, 2010-2015.
Percentage(%)
23. Percentage of people living with HIV (aged 15–59 years) who have
ever been tested for HIV and received the results, by age group,
19 low- and middle-income countries, 2011–2015
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, 2011–2015.
Percentage(%)
15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59
Age (years)
24. Distribution of new HIV infections among men and women
by five-year age groups, nine locations in eastern
and southern Africa, 2010–2014
Source: Network for Analysis of Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS Data on Africa (ALPHA), 2016.
Percentage(%)
Age (years)
eastern African countries
Age (years)
southern African countries
Men Women
25. Cycle of HIV transmission, results from a phylogenetic study,
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2016
Source: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, 2016.
Among men linked to young women
(<25), 39% were simultaneously linked to
a 25-40-year-old woman
Most HIV transmission is likely
from higher prevalence (men
25-40 years old) to lower
prevalence )women under 25
years old)
Most HIV transmission is
likely from higher prevalence
(women 25-40 years old) to
lower prevalence (men 25-40
years old)
As women age, the cycle repeats
26. ** The 25 countries included in the analysis are Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, India, Indonesia,
Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Thailand, Uganda, Ukraine, United Republic
of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2016; for more details, see annex on methodology.
Number of young people living with HIV (aged 15–19 years)
by mode of HIV acquisition, 25 countries,* 1970–2015
Mother-to-child transmissionSexual and unsafe
injection transmission
Number
27. Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention
among young women–a menu of options
Support choices
of women who
have agency
Reduce
susceptibility
and transmissibility
Enhance agency
among adolescent
girls and young
women
28. Programmes for adolescent girls and young women
(aged 15–24 years) in Swaziland, 2016
*DREAMS is supported by the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Girl Effect, Johnson
& Johnson, Gilead Sciences, and ViiV Healthcare.
Source: Swaziland Central Statistics Office 2016; PEPFAR Swaziland 2016.
1 Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe Women. The partnership is supported by the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation, Girl Effect, Johnson & Johnson, Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare.
2 Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Together, these countries accounted for an estimated 55% of new HIV
infections among adolescent girls and young women in 2015.
DREAMS*
DREAMS and
the Global Fund
PEPFAR Country
Operational Plan
PEPFAR Country Operational
Plan and the Global Fund
The Global Fund to Fight
AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria (Global Fund)
29. Past-week adolescent antiretroviral therapy non-adherence,
by access to various social protection measures,
South Africa, 2016
Source: L. D. Cluver, E. Toska, F. M. Orkin, F. Meinck, R. Hodes, A. R. Yakubovich & L. Sherr (2016) Achieving equity in HIV-treatment outcomes: can social protection improve adolescent ART-adherence
in South Africa?, AIDS Care, 28:sup2, 73-82, DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1179008.
No social
protection
Support
group
Food
security
Monitoring Food
security and
support
group
Support
group and
monitoring
Food
security and
monitoring
Food
security,
support
group and
monitoring
Percentage(%)
30. Finding solutions for everyone
at every stage of life
Key
populations
throughout
the life cycle
31. Trends in new HIV infections among key populations,
global, 2011–2015
* Data on transgender people are from the Asia-Pacific and Latin America and Caribbean regions only.
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2016.
Number
Sex
workers
People who inject
drugs
Gay man and other men
who have sex with men
Transgender
people*
32. Country status
Criminalization of any aspect of sex work, by country, 2016
Source: Sexual Rights Initiative. 2016. National sexual rights law and policy database. (http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/page/welcome, accessed 13 November, 2016)”
Selling and buying sexual services
criminalized
Selling sexual services criminalized
Buying sexual services criminalized
Partial criminalization
Other punitive regulation
Not subject to punitive regulation /not
criminalized
Issue determined /differs at subnational level
Data not available
33. Country status
Criminalization of same-sex sexual relations, by country
Source: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition
(Geneva; May 2016).
Death penalty
Imprisonment 15 years to life
Imprisonment up to 14 years
Relationship between males is illegal,
no penalty specified
Promotion ("propaganda") laws limiting
freedom of expression
Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts
decriminalized, or never existed
Data not available
34. Comprehensive approaches
Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention among transgender people
1/2
Reduce host
susceptibility
Decrease source of
HIV Infection
Increase safer
sexual behaviours,
uptake of services
and adherence
(CONTINUATION ON NEXT SLIDE)
36. Comprehensive approaches
Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention among people
who inject drugs
(CONTINUATION ON NEXT SLIDE)
1/2
Availability of
a services
Risk perception
and adoption of
safer behaviours
38. Comprehensive approaches
Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention among sex workers
1/2
(CONTINUATION ON NEXT SLIDE)
Availability of
a services
Increased agency
and adoption
of safer
behaviours
Violence
systematically
reported by
sex workers and
increased follow-up
40. Comprehensive approaches
Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention among gay men
and other men who have sex with men
1/2
(CONTINUATION ON NEXT SLIDE)
Reduce
transmissibility
Increase access
Increase safer
sexual behaviours,
uptake of services
and adherence
41. Comprehensive approaches
Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention among gay men
and other men who have sex with men
2/2
Decriminalization
of same sex
behaviours and
empowerment
42. Rapid scale-up of HIV testing and counselling services
for sex workers: the experience of the Red Umbrella Programme
in South Africa, 2013–2016
Source: Networking HIV & AIDS Community of Southern Africa (NACOSA), 2016.
Percentage(%)
Actual
Target
45. New HIV infections among men and women
(aged 25–49 years), global, 2005–2015
Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Women aged 25-49 years
Men aged 25-49 years
46. People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy,
all ages, global, 2010–July 2016
Source: Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting, 2016; UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Number(millions)
People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (all ages)
Global target
47. Source: 2016 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Country status
Progress toward the 90–90–90 targets, all ages, by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Knowledge of status
among people living
with HIV (%)
Coverage of
antiretroviral therapy
among people living
with HIV (%)
Viral suppression
among people living
with HIV (%)
Asia and the Pacific
Afghanistan
Australia
Bangladesh
Cambodia
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Republic of Moldova
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Legend
90% and higher
45–89%
44% or lower
Measures not available
L
81% or higher
41–80%
40% or lower
Measures not available
L
73% and higher
37–72%
36% or lower
Measures not available
Viet Nam
Armenia
48. Source: 2016 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Country status
Progress toward the 90–90–90 targets, all ages, by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Knowledge of status
among people living
with HIV (%)
Coverage of
antiretroviral therapy
among people living
with HIV (%)
Viral suppression
among people living
with HIV (%)
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Bahamas
Belize
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Legend
90% and higher
45–89%
44% or lower
Measures not available
L
81% or higher
41–80%
40% or lower
Measures not available
L
73% and higher
37–72%
36% or lower
Measures not available
Barbados
Chile
49. Source: 2016 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Country status
Progress toward the 90–90–90 targets, all ages, by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Knowledge of status
among people living
with HIV (%)
Coverage of
antiretroviral therapy
among people living
with HIV (%)
Viral suppression
among people living
with HIV (%)
Eastern and southern Africa
Angola
Botswana
Eritrea
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Rwanda
South Africa
South Sudan
Swaziland
Uganda
United Republic of Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Lebanon
Morocco
Somalia
Legend
90% and higher
45–89%
44% or lower
Measures not available
L
81% or higher
41–80%
40% or lower
Measures not available
L
73% and higher
37–72%
36% or lower
Measures not available
Mauritius
Tunisia
Yemen
Sudan
50. Source: 2016 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Country status
Progress toward the 90–90–90 targets, all ages, by country, 2015
For countries
not shown, both
measures are
not available or
under review.
Knowledge of status
among people living
with HIV (%)
Coverage of
antiretroviral therapy
among people living
with HIV (%)
Viral suppression
among people living
with HIV (%)
Western and central Africa
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Western & Central Europe & North America
Greece
Latvia
Spain
Legend
90% and higher
45–89%
44% or lower
Measures not available
L
81% or higher
41–80%
40% or lower
Measures not available
L
73% and higher
37–72%
36% or lower
Measures not available
51. Percentage of people living with HIV (aged 15–49 years)
who have ever been tested for HIV and received the results,
men and women, 21 countries, 2011–2015
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, 2011–2015.
*Includes Dominican Republic and Haiti.
Women living with HIV
(aged 15–49 years)
Men living with HIV
(aged 15–49 years)
52. Comparison of men and women 10 years after HIV infection,
before and after the availability of antiretroviral therapy,
three locations in southern Africa
Source: Network for Analysis of Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa (ALPHA), 2016.
Percentage(%)
Alive, started antiretroviral
therapy
Alive, never had antiretroviral
therapy
Died
53. A comprehensive approach
Detailed strategy mix for HIV prevention among adolescent boys
and adult men in high-prevalence settings—a menu of options
Sexual behaviors
Demand and
uptake of health
services
Susceptibility and
transmissibility
Health-seeking
and gender-based
violence
55. Number of people living with HIV (aged 50 years and over),
high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries,
2000–2015 and projected to 2020
Source: UNAIDS 2016 estimates.
Note: Projections 2016–2020 are based on an assumption that scale up of antiretroviral treatment will reach 81% coverage of all people living with HIV by 2020. Country income classifications are from
2015.
People living with HIV
(aged 50 years and over)
in high-income countries
People living with HIV (aged
50 years and over) in low-
and middle-income countries
People living with HIV
(aged 50 years and over)
in high-income countries
People living with HIV (aged
50 years and over) in low-
and middle-income countries
Number(million)