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The document provides comprehensive data on HIV infections and related health policies in Eastern and Southern Africa from 2000 to 2017, indicating a 30% reduction in new infections and a 42% decrease in AIDS-related deaths since 2010. It details parental consent laws for adolescents accessing sexual and reproductive health services, the distribution of new infections by population group, and stigma surrounding HIV-positive individuals. Additionally, the document highlights gaps in HIV testing and treatment and the need for resources to combat these challenges.

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PART III Regions in focus
13. Eastern and southern Africa
Countries with laws and policies requiring parental consent for adolescents to access sexual and reproductive health services, eastern and southern Africa, 2018 Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. No parental consent required Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14
Epidemic transition measures Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of new HIV infections, eastern and southern Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -30% 1 800 000 1 600 000 1 400 000 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections Incidence:prevalence ratio, eastern and southern Africa, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.04 [0.03–0.05] Target value Number of AIDS-related deaths, eastern and southern Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -42% 1 600 000 1 400 000 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, eastern and southern Africa, 1990– 2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 2 500 000 2 000 000 1 500 000 1 000 000 500 000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0.33 0.00 0.0 3 0.0 6 0.2 4 0.3 0 0.2 7 0.2 1 0.1 8 0.1 5 0.1 2 0.0 9
Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, eastern and southern Africa, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, eastern and southern Africa, 2017 3% 7% 5% 16% 33% 6% 8% 6% 5% 9% 3% 7% 4% 18% 29% 7% 8% 4% 6% 8% 1% 6% 83% 8% 4% 2% 2% Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Angola Rest of the region Uganda Ethiopia United Republic of Tanzania Kenya Malawi Zambia Mozambique South Africa Zimbabwe * No data reported on transgender women. † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Angola Botswana Comoros Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Rwanda Seychelles South Africa South Sudan Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission q d f i c h a a a f a a l k g g o b e m n p Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 years who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, eastern and southern Africa, 2000–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15– 49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, eastern and southern Africa, 2003– 2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2003–2016. Per cent 100 0 80 60 20 40 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Zambia Zimbabwe Angola Botswana Comoros Eswatini* Ethiopia Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Namibia Rwanda United Republic of Tanzania Uganda Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Angola Comoros Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Namibia Rwanda South Africa Sierra Leone Mozambique Zambia Zimbabwe United Republic of Tanzania Uganda *Female respondents only. (1st of 2 slides)
Stigma and discrimination Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2013–2016. Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, eastern and southern Africa, 2014–2017 Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Per cent Lesotho Zimbabwe Uganda 100 0 90 80 10 70 20 60 30 50 40 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, eastern and southern Africa, 2013–2016 Per cent 60 0 50 10 40 20 30 Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Mauritius United Republic of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) Zimbabwe Uganda Lesotho Mozambique South Africa Botswana Malawi (Last of 2 slides)
Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Rwanda Eswatini Zambia United Republic of Tanzania Zimbabwe Malawi Uganda Ethiopia Lesotho Angola Mozambique Madagascar Comoros South Africa* Namibia Kenya Per cent 100 0 90 80 10 70 20 60 30 50 40 Young men Young women * The survey in South Africa used different wording and included an additional question. Percentage of young people (aged 15–24 years) who had correct and comprehensive knowledge about HIV, eastern and southern Africa, 2012–2017 Combination HIV prevention
Country Sex worker s Country Sex worker s Angola 54 000 Mozambique 27 000 Botswana 4000 Namibia 8100 Burundi 51 000 Rwanda 12 000 Eritrea 1600 Seychelles 590 Eswatini 12 000 South Africa 240 000 Ethiopia 12 000 South Sudan 39 000 Kenya 130 000 Uganda 2100 Lesotho 6300 United Republic of Tanzania 160 000 Madagascar 170 000 Zambia 18 000 Malawi 31 000 Mauritius 5500 Estimated size of sex worker populations, by country, eastern and southern Africa, 2014–2017 Percentage of sex workers who reported receiving at least two prevention services in the past three months, eastern and southern Africa, 2016–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Kenya Seychelles Madagascar Zimbabwe South Sudan Per cent 100 0 90 80 10 70 20 60 30 50 40
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, eastern and southern Africa, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 1 712 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 2 962 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 4 047 000 25 10 15 20 5 0 81% [64–95%] 66% [52–77%] 52% [41–61%] People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) HIV testing and treatment
Elimination of mother-to-child transmission Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Eastern and southern Africa, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 63% [53–80%] New child infections Number of births to women living with HIV 1 000 000 0 900 000 600 000 800 000 700 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 93% [73– >95%] Transmission rate 9.9%
Investment Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, eastern and southern Africa Note: Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 12 000 10 000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
14. Western and central Africa
Antiretroviral therapy coverage among children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15 years and older), western and central Africa, 2017 Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Children (aged 0–14 years) Adults (aged 15 years and older) Gambia 29% 33% Senegal 25% 58% Guinea 18% 37% Guinea- Bissau 16% 32% Cape Verde 92% 74% Côte d'Ivoire 27% 47% Togo 30% 60% Burkina Faso 28% 69% Liberia 18% 30% Sierra Leone 18% 41% Mauritani a 25% 34% Mali 23% 33% Niger 39% 53% Ghana 23% 42% Cameroo n 25% 51% Equatorial Guinea 17% 40% Gabon 50% 59% Benin 27% 58% Chad 18% 49% Central African Republic 25% 33% Burundi 38% 82% Democratic Republic of the Congo 34% 58% Congo 18% 30% Nigeria 26% 34%
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -24% Number of AIDS-related deaths 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -8% Number of new HIV infections 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections, western and central Africa, 2000–2017 Number of AIDS-related deaths, western and central Africa, 2000–2017 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, western and central Africa, 1990– 2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio, western and central Africa, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.06 [0.04–0.09] Target value 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0.36 0.00 0.0 6 0.3 0 0.2 4 0.1 8 0.1 2 Epidemic transition measures
7% 2% 4% 5% 55% 10% 2% 10% 12% 16% 60% Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, western and central Africa, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, western and central Africa, 2017 New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 8% 2% 9% 6% 6% 53% 2% 9% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men * No data reported on transgender women. † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. Rest of the region Nigeria Cameroon Democratic Republic of the Congo Chad Central African Republic Congo Côte d’Ivoire Guinea Mali Ghana Togo 2% 8% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2%
Nigeria l P Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Laws and policies scorecard Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission g j a f a a d m h i o b n b b b b b b e b a a c c c c c c c k Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Mali Mauritania Niger Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, western and central Africa, 2000–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2012–2017 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Per cent 100 0 80 60 20 40 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Senegal Burundi Cameroon* Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Sierra Leone Nigeria *Female respondents only. Togo Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Democratic Republic of the Congo Mali Côte d’Ivoire Togo Chad Nigeria Gambia Burundi Gabon Guinea (1st of 2 slides)
Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2014–2017 Stigma and discrimination Per cent Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Guinea 25 0 20 5 15 10 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2012–2015. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Per cent 60 0 40 20 Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Democratic Republic of the Congo Gabon Congo Senegal Liberia Côte d'Ivoire* Burundi Ghana Sierra Leone *Ever experienced denial of health care. Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2012–2015 (Last of 2 slides)
Combination HIV prevention Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Percentage of young people (aged 15–24 years) who had correct and comprehensive knowledge about HIV, western and central Africa, 2012–2017 Male Female Congo Gabon Côte d’Ivoire Senegal Gambia Togo Benin Mali Sierra Leone Liberia Nigeria Ghana Niger Cameroon Sato Tome and Principe Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Guinea Democratic Republic of the Congo Guinea-Bissau Chad Mauritania
Gay men and other men who have sex with men Sex workers Percentage of sex workers reporting condom use with last client and percentage of gay men and other men who have sex with men reporting condom use with last male partner, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2014–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Per cent 100 0 80 20 60 40 Sierra Leone Benin Niger Ghana Burkina Faso Guinea Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Senegal Mali Nigeria Cabo Verde Burundi Togo Per cent 100 0 80 20 60 40 Burundi Benin Côte d’Ivoire Mali Democratic Republic of the Congo Cameroon Niger Burkina Faso Togo Guinea Cabo Verde Senegal
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, western and central Africa, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 2.6 million Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 2.5 million Gap to reaching the three 90s: 2.7 million 7 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 48% [31–66%] 40% [25–55%] 29% [19–40%] 6 5 4 3 2 1 HIV testing and treatment
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, western and central Africa, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 48% [32– 65%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 21% [16–31%] New child infections Transmission rate 20.2% Number of births to women living with HIV 400 000 0 350 000 200 000 300 000 250 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
Investment Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, western and central Africa Note: Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 4500 3500 2500 1500 500 0 4000 3000 2000 1000
15. Asia and the Pacific
Percent change in new HIV infections between 2010 and 2017 and the proportion of new HIV infections that were among young people aged 15–24 years in 2017, Asia and the Pacific Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Decreasing Increasing Stable Data not available 23% 77% Young people aged 15–24 years Rest of the population
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of AIDS-related deaths, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -39% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 Number of new HIV infections, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -14% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.05 [0.04–0.08] Target value 0.35 0.00 0.0 5 0.2 0 0.3 0 0.2 5 0.1 5 0.1 0 Epidemic transition measures
4% 14% 29% 16% 35% 2% 40% 23% 9% 8% 4% 2% 3% 1% Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Cambodi a China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Thailand Papua New Guinea Viet Nam Rest of the region New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender women † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. 23% 31% 18% 4% 7% 2% 4% 1% 7% 3% 1% 3% 5% 4%
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Afghanistan Australia Bangladesh Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission a Cambodia China Cook Islands Democratic People's Republic of Korea Fiji India Indonesia Japan Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Maldives Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia b Brunei-Darussalam Bhutan Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. (1st of 2 slides)
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Myanmar Nauru Nepal Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Pakistan Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam c Niue New Zealand Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. (Last of 2 slides)
Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2012– 2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Per cent 100 0 80 60 20 40 Afghanistan Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Mongolia* Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Timor-Leste Viet Nam* *Female respondents only. Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Nauru Bangladesh Sri Lanka Pakistan Marshall Islands Nepal Myanmar Timor-Leste Afghanistan India Thailand* 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Cambodia Philippines Bhutan (1st of 2 slides)
Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017 Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services and HIV testing in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017 Stigma and discrimination Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2014–2017. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent *Ever experienced denial of health care. Per cent 60 0 40 20 Bangladesh Viet Nam Fiji Lao People’s Democratic Republic Thailand Myanmar Female sex workers Per cent 80 0 60 40 20 Gay men and other men who have sex with men Gay men and other men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Avoidance of HIV testing Avoidance of health care (Last of 2 slides)
Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Information based on communications with national HIV programmes and UNAIDS country offices in Asia and the Pacific, 2017. Availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for key populations through pilot projects and demonstration sites, Asia and the Pacific, March 2018 Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who inject drugs, and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men PrEP not available to any key populations Data not available Combination HIV prevention
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 816 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 1.5 million Gap to reaching the three 90s: 1.4 million 6 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 74% [52–95%] 53% [37–72%] 45% [31–61%] 5 4 3 2 1 HIV testing and treatment
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 56% [43– 74%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 25% [19–31%] New child infections Transmission rate 16.9% [15.3–18.5%] Number of births to women living with HIV 70 000 0 60 000 30 000 50 000 40 000 20 000 10 000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2006–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Asia and the Pacific Note: Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 6000 4000 0 5000 3000 2000 1000 Investment
16. Latin America
Countries with a national human rights institution that includes sexual orientation in its human rights work, Latin America, 2017 Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Yes No
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of new HIV infections, Latin America, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -1% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Number of AIDS-related deaths, Latin America, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -12% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Latin America, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 160 000 0 120 000 80 000 40 000 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Latin America, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.06 [0.04–0.07] Target value 0.30 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.06 0.00 Epidemic transition measures
Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, Latin America, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Latin America, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 41% 6% 24% 23% 3% 6% 48% 2% 2% 1% 14% 3% 22% 5% 37% 3% 3% 5% 11% 6% 28% New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths Argentin a Brazil Rest of the region Panama Peru Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender women † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. 3% 2% 2%
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Argentina Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission k Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) f a q g f d o p r s h e b b c b b Colombia n m c i Chile Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. j l
Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Latin America, 2000–2016 Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Latin America, most recent data, 2012–2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. *Female respondents only. Guatemala Peru* Ecuador Panama* Colombia* El Salvador* Mexico* Uruguay* 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent Per cent 50 0 40 30 10 20 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Mexico Peru Colombia (1st of 2 slides)
Stigma and discrimination Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, Paraguay, 2017 Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2016–2017. Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, Latin America, 2013–2016 Per cent Health care HIV care HIV treatment 25 0 20 5 15 10 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2013–2016. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent *Ever experienced denial of health care. Paraguay Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua Per cent 60 0 40 20 Transgender persons (Last of 2 slides)
Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Availability of PrEP, Latin America, 2017 Through private providers, the Internet and/or research Through public facilities PrEP not available Data not available *Female respondents only. Combination HIV prevention
Peru Paraguay Guatemala Costa Rica Nicaragua Honduras El Salvador Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Panama Argentina Ecuador Mexico Uruguay Colombia Chile Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 HIV prevalence among key populations, countries with available data, Latin America, 2015–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender persons Prisoners
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, Latin America, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 235 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 362 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 381 000 2.0 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 77% [54–95%] 61% [43–79%] 52% [36–68%] 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 HIV testing and treatment
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Latin America, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 73% [50– 90%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 46% [37–59%] New child infections Transmission rate 11.4% [9.8–14.3%] Number of births to women living with HIV 25 000 0 20 000 5000 15 000 10 000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Latin America *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 3500 2500 1500 500 0 3000 2000 1000 Investment
17. Caribbean
HIV prevalence among young men and women (aged 15–24 years) and the existence of education policies that guide delivery of life skills-based HIV and sexuality education in secondary schools, Caribbean, 2017 Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2017 National Commitments and Policy Instrument; United Nations Population Fund 2018 state of the art diagnosis of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) implementation in the English- and Dutch-speaking Caribbean (unpublished). Bahama s 0.6 0.7 Cuba 0.2 0.3 Dominican Republic 0.2 0.3 Guyana 0.8 0.7 Haiti 0.9 0.3 Surinam e 0.8 0.5 Trinidad and Tobago 0.3 0.4 Barbado s 0.6 0.9 Belize 1.1 0.9 HIV prevalence among young women (aged 15 –24 years) No HIV prevalence among young men (aged 15 –24 years) Yes Data not available
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of new HIV infections, Caribbean, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -18% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Number of AIDS-related deaths, Caribbean, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -23% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Caribbean, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Caribbean, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.05 [0.04–0.08] Target value 0.48 0.00 0.0 6 0.4 2 0.3 6 0.3 0 0.2 4 0.1 8 0.1 2 Epidemic transition measures
1% 25% 1% 47% 14% Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, Caribbean, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Caribbean, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Bahama s Barbados Belize Cuba Dominican Republic Guyana Rest of the region Haiti Jamaica Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender women † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. 12% 15% 3% 49% 12% 1% 13% 1% 23% 1% 30% 32% New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 2% 2% 1%2% 1% 3% 3% 3% 2%
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission c Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago f a a g h i k l n o b b b b b a j a P Cuba m Belize Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. a e d a
Cuba Jamaica Haiti Dominican Republic Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Caribbean, 2000–2017 Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Caribbean, most recent data, 2012–2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2017. *Female respondents only. Jamaica Haiti Dominican Republic Saint Lucia* Belize* Guyana* Barbados* Cuba* 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Per cent 50 0 40 30 10 20 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 2017 Percent (1st of 2 slides)
Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, Belize, 2013 Stigma and discrimination Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided HIV testing in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, Cuba, 2017 Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, Belize, 2013. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2017. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Per cent 100 0 40 20 80 60 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Per cent 10 0 4 2 8 6 (Last of 2 slides)
Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), Caribbean, 2018 Through private providers, the Internet and/or research Through public facilities, private providers and/or research PrEP not available Data not available *Female respondents only. Combination HIV prevention
HIV prevalence among key populations, countries with available data, Caribbean, 2015–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender persons Prisoners Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Grenada Cuba Haiti Suriname Bahamas Saint Lucia Trinidad and Tobago Belize Dominica Antigua and Barbuda Grenada Jamaica Guyana Barbados
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, Caribbean, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 54 800 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 74 400 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 103 000 300 000 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 73% [53– >95%] 57% [42–80%] 40% [30–56%] 275 000 250 000 225 000 200 000 175 000 150 000 125 000 100 000 75 000 50 000 25 000 HIV testing and treatment
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Caribbean, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 75% [58– >95%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 48% [34–60%] New child infections Transmission rate 13.3% [10.7–15.6%] Number of births to women living with HIV 9000 0 8000 2000 6000 4000 7000 1000 5000 3000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Caribbean *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 700 500 300 100 0 600 400 200 Investment
18. Middle East and North Africa
Countries with laws, regulations or policies specifying mandatory HIV testing for marriage and to obtain a work or residence permit, Middle East and North Africa, 2018 Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Mandatory testing to obtain a work or residence permit Mandatory testing for marriage and to obtain a work or residence permit No mandatory testing Data not available
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of AIDS-related deaths, Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = +11% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Middle East and North Africa, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Number of new HIV infections, Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = +12% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5000 0 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5000 0 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Middle East and North Africa, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.08 [0.05–0.14] Target value 0.3 8 0.3 0 0.2 4 0.1 6 0.0 8 0.0 0 Epidemic transition measures
2% 13% 38% 17% 30% Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 9% 31% 2% 7% 37% 5% 35% 5% 8% 27% 1% 12% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Algeria Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Morocco Rest of the region Sudan Tunisia Somalia † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 1% 6% 2% 5% 4% 3%
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission f d e g b b h c Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen j k a a l m n o b b b b b b b b b Iran (Islamic Republic of) a b c Egypt i Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Middle East and North Africa, most recent data, 2012–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2012–2014 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2014. *Female respondents only. Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Egypt Yemen Jordan Sudan Algeria 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent Egypt Jordan (1st of 2 slides)
Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2012–2017 Stigma and discrimination Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2014–2017 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2012–2017. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Per cent Algeria 100 0 80 20 60 40 Morocco Per cent 60 0 40 20 Algeria Morocco Yemen People who inject drugs (Last of 2 slides)
Country Sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Djibouti 1700 1300 Egypt 23 000 126 000 93 000 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 400 000 360 000 200 000 Lebanon 4200 8000 9000 Morocco 72 000 42 000 1200 Somalia 3700 Sudan 260 000 140 000 Syrian Arab Republic 25 000 10 000 Tunisia 25 000 28 000 9000 Yemen 59 000 44 000 20 000 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Estimated size of key populations, Middle East and North Africa, 2014–2017 Combination HIV prevention
Percentage of sex workers reporting condom use with last client, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2015–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Per cent 100 0 40 20 80 60 Somalia Sudan Morocco Tunisia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Algeria Djibouti
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 87 100 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 112 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 110 000 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 50% [30–73%] 29% [17–43%] 22% [13–32%] 220 000 0 200 000 180 000 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 HIV testing and treatment
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 22% [15– 32%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 18% New child infections Transmission rate 24.7% [23.1–26.3%] Number of births to women living with HIV 6000 0 2000 4000 1000 5000 3000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Middle East and North Africa *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 800 600 400 200 0 700 500 300 100 Investment
19. Eastern Europe and central Asia
Percentage change in new HIV infections among adults (aged 15 years and older) between 2010 and 2017, eastern Europe and central Asia Source: 2018 UNAIDS estimates. Decrease of more than 25% Decrease of 10 –25% Change of +/->10% Increase of 10 –74% Increase of 75% or more Data not available
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of new HIV infections, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = +29% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Number of AIDS-related deaths, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = +0.1 % 2000 2017 2010 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, eastern Europe and central Asia, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 40 000 0 160 000 120 000 80 000 Incidence:prevalence ratio, eastern Europe and central Asia, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.09 [0.08–0.10] Target value 0.4 5 0.3 6 0.2 7 0.1 8 0.0 9 0.0 0 Epidemic transition measures
Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 75% 1% 10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 56% 26% 2% 6% 3% 9% 39% 21% 28% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Azerbaija n Rest of the region Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Republic of Moldova Tajikistan Ukraine Russian Federation Uzbekistan † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 5% 3% 2% 1% 3% 1% 4% 2% 1%
Laws and policies scorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan TFYR Macedonia Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan h j i j e d a f b b b b Bosnia and Herzegovina a g c c Belarus Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. a
Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2012–2016 Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, eastern Europe and central Asia, most recent data, 2012–2016 Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2013–2015 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Percent 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index survey, 2013–2015. Kyrgyzstan* Kazakhstan* Republic of Moldova* Ukraine* Tajikistan* Armenia Montenegro* Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Armenia Per cent 60 0 40 10 30 20 Tajikistan Kazakhsta n Ukraine Kyrgyzstan Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent 50
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2017 36% [29–41%] 73% [59–83%] 73% [59–83%] Gap to reaching the first 90: 240 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 635 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 668 000 1.6 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 73% [59–83%] 36% [29–41%] 26% [21–30%] 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 HIV testing and treatment
Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2006–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, eastern Europe and central Asia *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 1800 600 0 1200 1400 200 800 1600 400 1000 Investment
20. Western and central Europe and North America
Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, 2017, as a proportion of estimated 2015 need, United States of America Sources: (Estimated PrEP need, 2015) Smith DK, et al, Estimates of adults with indications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by jurisdiction, transmission risk group, and race/ethnicity, United States, 2015, Annals of Epidemiology (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.annepidem.2018.05.003. (PrEP uptake, 2017) Data on Truvada prescriptions for unique individuals provided to UNAIDS by Gilead Pharmaceuticals and Kaiser Permanente. Note: The prescription data from Kaiser Permanente was limited to northern California. Data for other Kaiser Permanente facilities in southern California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Oregon, Virginia, Washington and other health-care providers/prescribers (e.g. hospitals, prisons and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs) were not available at the time of publication. Together with missing prescribing information or misreporting of the prescribed use of Truvada, these omissions may represent an additional 30% of PrEP prescriptions in 2017. 0–5% 6–10% 11–15% 16–20% 21–25% Data not available
PrEP availability, countries covered by the European Medicines Agency, 2018 Sources: UNAIDS review based on communications with public health authorities and project managers, 2018. Note: The European Medicines Agency has approved the use of tenofovir in combination with emtricitabine as PrEP in all countries in its mandate. (http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index. jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000594/human_med_001113.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124). Switzerland is not covered by the European Medicines Agency. There are several examples of localized PrEP initiatives that are not captured on this map. Limited national availability National subsidized programme No data Generic PrEP available through certain pharmacies National level demonstration research
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of AIDS-related deaths, western and central Europe and North America, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -36% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -8% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Number of new HIV infections, western and central Europe and North America, 2000–2017 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, western and central Europe and North America, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Incidence:prevalence ratio, western and central Europe and North America, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.03 [0.03–0.04] Target value 0.1 2 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.0 6 0.0 3 Epidemic transition measures
Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, western and central Europe and North America, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, western and central Europe and North America, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 2% 7% 57% 24% 10% 8% 4% 1% 6% 54% 4% 21% 3% 4% 2% 2% 84% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands Portugal Rest of the region Romania Spain United States of America * Estimates of new HIV infections for the United States of America are as of 2015. Estimates for AIDS- related deaths for the United States were not available at the time of publication, but are included in the overall regional estimates for 2017. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3%
Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, Serbia, 2013 Stigma and discrimination Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, western and central Europe and North America, 2013–2017 Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2013–2017. Source: Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2013. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Per cent 50 0 25 Per cent 20 0 15 10 5 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Germany Greece Portugal Michigan, United States of America (1st of 2 slides)
Stigma and discrimination Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 18–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, western and central Europe and North America, 2012–2014 Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Turkey* Finland Hungary Slovakia Denmark France Italy Belgium Bulgaria Greece Latvia Netherlands Romania Czechia Sweden Germany Malta Austria Croatia Estonia Portugal Lithuania United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Ireland Cyprus Luxembourg Poland Spain Slovenia Source: United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Indicators Global Database. Accessed 29 June 2018 (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/). *Women aged 15–59 years. (Last of 2 slides)
HIV testing and treatment Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, western and central Europe and North America, 2016 Gap to reaching the first 90: 109 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 98 500 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 165 000 2.5 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 85% [65–95%] 76% [59–88%] 65% [50–76%] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

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2018-global-aids-update-slides-part3 (1).pptx

  • 1.
  • 2.
    13. Eastern andsouthern Africa
  • 3.
    Countries with lawsand policies requiring parental consent for adolescents to access sexual and reproductive health services, eastern and southern Africa, 2018 Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. No parental consent required Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14
  • 4.
    Epidemic transition measures Source:UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Number of new HIV infections, eastern and southern Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -30% 1 800 000 1 600 000 1 400 000 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections Incidence:prevalence ratio, eastern and southern Africa, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.04 [0.03–0.05] Target value Number of AIDS-related deaths, eastern and southern Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -42% 1 600 000 1 400 000 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, eastern and southern Africa, 1990– 2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 2 500 000 2 000 000 1 500 000 1 000 000 500 000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0.33 0.00 0.0 3 0.0 6 0.2 4 0.3 0 0.2 7 0.2 1 0.1 8 0.1 5 0.1 2 0.0 9
  • 5.
    Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, eastern and southern Africa, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, eastern and southern Africa, 2017 3% 7% 5% 16% 33% 6% 8% 6% 5% 9% 3% 7% 4% 18% 29% 7% 8% 4% 6% 8% 1% 6% 83% 8% 4% 2% 2% Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Angola Rest of the region Uganda Ethiopia United Republic of Tanzania Kenya Malawi Zambia Mozambique South Africa Zimbabwe * No data reported on transgender women. † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths
  • 6.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Angola Botswana Comoros Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Rwanda Seychelles South Africa South Sudan Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission q d f i c h a a a f a a l k g g o b e m n p Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
  • 7.
    Percentage of menand women aged 15–49 years who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, eastern and southern Africa, 2000–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15– 49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, eastern and southern Africa, 2003– 2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2003–2016. Per cent 100 0 80 60 20 40 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Zambia Zimbabwe Angola Botswana Comoros Eswatini* Ethiopia Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Namibia Rwanda United Republic of Tanzania Uganda Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Angola Comoros Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Namibia Rwanda South Africa Sierra Leone Mozambique Zambia Zimbabwe United Republic of Tanzania Uganda *Female respondents only. (1st of 2 slides)
  • 8.
    Stigma and discrimination Source:People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2013–2016. Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, eastern and southern Africa, 2014–2017 Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Per cent Lesotho Zimbabwe Uganda 100 0 90 80 10 70 20 60 30 50 40 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, eastern and southern Africa, 2013–2016 Per cent 60 0 50 10 40 20 30 Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Mauritius United Republic of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) Zimbabwe Uganda Lesotho Mozambique South Africa Botswana Malawi (Last of 2 slides)
  • 9.
    Source: Population-based surveys,2012–2017. Rwanda Eswatini Zambia United Republic of Tanzania Zimbabwe Malawi Uganda Ethiopia Lesotho Angola Mozambique Madagascar Comoros South Africa* Namibia Kenya Per cent 100 0 90 80 10 70 20 60 30 50 40 Young men Young women * The survey in South Africa used different wording and included an additional question. Percentage of young people (aged 15–24 years) who had correct and comprehensive knowledge about HIV, eastern and southern Africa, 2012–2017 Combination HIV prevention
  • 10.
    Country Sex worker s Country Sex worker s Angola54 000 Mozambique 27 000 Botswana 4000 Namibia 8100 Burundi 51 000 Rwanda 12 000 Eritrea 1600 Seychelles 590 Eswatini 12 000 South Africa 240 000 Ethiopia 12 000 South Sudan 39 000 Kenya 130 000 Uganda 2100 Lesotho 6300 United Republic of Tanzania 160 000 Madagascar 170 000 Zambia 18 000 Malawi 31 000 Mauritius 5500 Estimated size of sex worker populations, by country, eastern and southern Africa, 2014–2017 Percentage of sex workers who reported receiving at least two prevention services in the past three months, eastern and southern Africa, 2016–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Kenya Seychelles Madagascar Zimbabwe South Sudan Per cent 100 0 90 80 10 70 20 60 30 50 40
  • 11.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, eastern and southern Africa, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 1 712 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 2 962 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 4 047 000 25 10 15 20 5 0 81% [64–95%] 66% [52–77%] 52% [41–61%] People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) HIV testing and treatment
  • 12.
    Elimination of mother-to-childtransmission Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Eastern and southern Africa, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 63% [53–80%] New child infections Number of births to women living with HIV 1 000 000 0 900 000 600 000 800 000 700 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 93% [73– >95%] Transmission rate 9.9%
  • 13.
    Investment Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, eastern and southern Africa Note: Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 12 000 10 000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
  • 14.
    14. Western andcentral Africa
  • 15.
    Antiretroviral therapy coverageamong children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15 years and older), western and central Africa, 2017 Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Children (aged 0–14 years) Adults (aged 15 years and older) Gambia 29% 33% Senegal 25% 58% Guinea 18% 37% Guinea- Bissau 16% 32% Cape Verde 92% 74% Côte d'Ivoire 27% 47% Togo 30% 60% Burkina Faso 28% 69% Liberia 18% 30% Sierra Leone 18% 41% Mauritani a 25% 34% Mali 23% 33% Niger 39% 53% Ghana 23% 42% Cameroo n 25% 51% Equatorial Guinea 17% 40% Gabon 50% 59% Benin 27% 58% Chad 18% 49% Central African Republic 25% 33% Burundi 38% 82% Democratic Republic of the Congo 34% 58% Congo 18% 30% Nigeria 26% 34%
  • 16.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -24% Number of AIDS-related deaths 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -8% Number of new HIV infections 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections, western and central Africa, 2000–2017 Number of AIDS-related deaths, western and central Africa, 2000–2017 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, western and central Africa, 1990– 2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio, western and central Africa, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.06 [0.04–0.09] Target value 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0.36 0.00 0.0 6 0.3 0 0.2 4 0.1 8 0.1 2 Epidemic transition measures
  • 17.
    7% 2% 4% 5% 55% 10% 2% 10% 12% 16% 60% Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, western and central Africa, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, western and central Africa, 2017 New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 8% 2% 9% 6% 6% 53% 2% 9% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men * No data reported on transgender women. † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. Rest of the region Nigeria Cameroon Democratic Republic of the Congo Chad Central African Republic Congo Côte d’Ivoire Guinea Mali Ghana Togo 2% 8% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2%
  • 18.
    Nigeria l P Sao Tome andPrincipe Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Laws and policies scorecard Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission g j a f a a d m h i o b n b b b b b b e b a a c c c c c c c k Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Mali Mauritania Niger Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
  • 19.
    Percentage of menand women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, western and central Africa, 2000–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2012–2017 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Per cent 100 0 80 60 20 40 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Senegal Burundi Cameroon* Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Sierra Leone Nigeria *Female respondents only. Togo Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Democratic Republic of the Congo Mali Côte d’Ivoire Togo Chad Nigeria Gambia Burundi Gabon Guinea (1st of 2 slides)
  • 20.
    Percentage of keypopulations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2014–2017 Stigma and discrimination Per cent Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Guinea 25 0 20 5 15 10 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2012–2015. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Per cent 60 0 40 20 Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Democratic Republic of the Congo Gabon Congo Senegal Liberia Côte d'Ivoire* Burundi Ghana Sierra Leone *Ever experienced denial of health care. Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2012–2015 (Last of 2 slides)
  • 21.
    Combination HIV prevention Source:Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Percentage of young people (aged 15–24 years) who had correct and comprehensive knowledge about HIV, western and central Africa, 2012–2017 Male Female Congo Gabon Côte d’Ivoire Senegal Gambia Togo Benin Mali Sierra Leone Liberia Nigeria Ghana Niger Cameroon Sato Tome and Principe Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Guinea Democratic Republic of the Congo Guinea-Bissau Chad Mauritania
  • 22.
    Gay men andother men who have sex with men Sex workers Percentage of sex workers reporting condom use with last client and percentage of gay men and other men who have sex with men reporting condom use with last male partner, countries with available data, western and central Africa, 2014–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Per cent 100 0 80 20 60 40 Sierra Leone Benin Niger Ghana Burkina Faso Guinea Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Senegal Mali Nigeria Cabo Verde Burundi Togo Per cent 100 0 80 20 60 40 Burundi Benin Côte d’Ivoire Mali Democratic Republic of the Congo Cameroon Niger Burkina Faso Togo Guinea Cabo Verde Senegal
  • 23.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, western and central Africa, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 2.6 million Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 2.5 million Gap to reaching the three 90s: 2.7 million 7 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 48% [31–66%] 40% [25–55%] 29% [19–40%] 6 5 4 3 2 1 HIV testing and treatment
  • 24.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, western and central Africa, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 48% [32– 65%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 21% [16–31%] New child infections Transmission rate 20.2% Number of births to women living with HIV 400 000 0 350 000 200 000 300 000 250 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
  • 25.
    Investment Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, western and central Africa Note: Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 4500 3500 2500 1500 500 0 4000 3000 2000 1000
  • 26.
    15. Asia andthe Pacific
  • 27.
    Percent change innew HIV infections between 2010 and 2017 and the proportion of new HIV infections that were among young people aged 15–24 years in 2017, Asia and the Pacific Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Decreasing Increasing Stable Data not available 23% 77% Young people aged 15–24 years Rest of the population
  • 28.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Number of AIDS-related deaths, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -39% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 Number of new HIV infections, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -14% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.05 [0.04–0.08] Target value 0.35 0.00 0.0 5 0.2 0 0.3 0 0.2 5 0.1 5 0.1 0 Epidemic transition measures
  • 29.
    4% 14% 29% 16% 35% 2% 40% 23% 9% 8% 4% 2% 3% 1% Distribution ofnew HIV infections, by population group, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Cambodi a China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Thailand Papua New Guinea Viet Nam Rest of the region New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender women † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. 23% 31% 18% 4% 7% 2% 4% 1% 7% 3% 1% 3% 5% 4%
  • 30.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Afghanistan Australia Bangladesh Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission a Cambodia China Cook Islands Democratic People's Republic of Korea Fiji India Indonesia Japan Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Maldives Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia b Brunei-Darussalam Bhutan Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. (1st of 2 slides)
  • 31.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Myanmar Nauru Nepal Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Pakistan Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam c Niue New Zealand Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. (Last of 2 slides)
  • 32.
    Percentage of menand women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2012– 2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Per cent 100 0 80 60 20 40 Afghanistan Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Mongolia* Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Timor-Leste Viet Nam* *Female respondents only. Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Nauru Bangladesh Sri Lanka Pakistan Marshall Islands Nepal Myanmar Timor-Leste Afghanistan India Thailand* 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Cambodia Philippines Bhutan (1st of 2 slides)
  • 33.
    Percentage of peopleliving with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017 Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services and HIV testing in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017 Stigma and discrimination Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2014–2017. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent *Ever experienced denial of health care. Per cent 60 0 40 20 Bangladesh Viet Nam Fiji Lao People’s Democratic Republic Thailand Myanmar Female sex workers Per cent 80 0 60 40 20 Gay men and other men who have sex with men Gay men and other men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Avoidance of HIV testing Avoidance of health care (Last of 2 slides)
  • 34.
    Source: 2017 and2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Information based on communications with national HIV programmes and UNAIDS country offices in Asia and the Pacific, 2017. Availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for key populations through pilot projects and demonstration sites, Asia and the Pacific, March 2018 Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who inject drugs, and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men PrEP not available to any key populations Data not available Combination HIV prevention
  • 35.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 816 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 1.5 million Gap to reaching the three 90s: 1.4 million 6 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 74% [52–95%] 53% [37–72%] 45% [31–61%] 5 4 3 2 1 HIV testing and treatment
  • 36.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Asia and the Pacific, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 56% [43– 74%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 25% [19–31%] New child infections Transmission rate 16.9% [15.3–18.5%] Number of births to women living with HIV 70 000 0 60 000 30 000 50 000 40 000 20 000 10 000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
  • 37.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2006–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Asia and the Pacific Note: Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 6000 4000 0 5000 3000 2000 1000 Investment
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Countries with anational human rights institution that includes sexual orientation in its human rights work, Latin America, 2017 Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Yes No
  • 40.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Number of new HIV infections, Latin America, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -1% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Number of AIDS-related deaths, Latin America, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -12% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Latin America, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 160 000 0 120 000 80 000 40 000 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Latin America, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.06 [0.04–0.07] Target value 0.30 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.06 0.00 Epidemic transition measures
  • 41.
    Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, Latin America, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Latin America, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 41% 6% 24% 23% 3% 6% 48% 2% 2% 1% 14% 3% 22% 5% 37% 3% 3% 5% 11% 6% 28% New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths Argentin a Brazil Rest of the region Panama Peru Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender women † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. 3% 2% 2%
  • 42.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Argentina Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission k Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) f a q g f d o p r s h e b b c b b Colombia n m c i Chile Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. j l
  • 43.
    Percentage of ever-marriedor partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Latin America, 2000–2016 Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Latin America, most recent data, 2012–2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016. *Female respondents only. Guatemala Peru* Ecuador Panama* Colombia* El Salvador* Mexico* Uruguay* 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent Per cent 50 0 40 30 10 20 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Mexico Peru Colombia (1st of 2 slides)
  • 44.
    Stigma and discrimination Percentageof key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, Paraguay, 2017 Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2016–2017. Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, Latin America, 2013–2016 Per cent Health care HIV care HIV treatment 25 0 20 5 15 10 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2013–2016. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent *Ever experienced denial of health care. Paraguay Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua Per cent 60 0 40 20 Transgender persons (Last of 2 slides)
  • 45.
    Source: 2017 and2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Availability of PrEP, Latin America, 2017 Through private providers, the Internet and/or research Through public facilities PrEP not available Data not available *Female respondents only. Combination HIV prevention
  • 46.
    Peru Paraguay Guatemala Costa Rica Nicaragua Honduras El Salvador Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Panama Argentina Ecuador Mexico Uruguay Colombia Chile Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 HIV prevalence amongkey populations, countries with available data, Latin America, 2015–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender persons Prisoners
  • 47.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, Latin America, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 235 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 362 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 381 000 2.0 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 77% [54–95%] 61% [43–79%] 52% [36–68%] 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 HIV testing and treatment
  • 48.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Latin America, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 73% [50– 90%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 46% [37–59%] New child infections Transmission rate 11.4% [9.8–14.3%] Number of births to women living with HIV 25 000 0 20 000 5000 15 000 10 000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
  • 49.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Latin America *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 3500 2500 1500 500 0 3000 2000 1000 Investment
  • 50.
  • 51.
    HIV prevalence amongyoung men and women (aged 15–24 years) and the existence of education policies that guide delivery of life skills-based HIV and sexuality education in secondary schools, Caribbean, 2017 Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2017 National Commitments and Policy Instrument; United Nations Population Fund 2018 state of the art diagnosis of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) implementation in the English- and Dutch-speaking Caribbean (unpublished). Bahama s 0.6 0.7 Cuba 0.2 0.3 Dominican Republic 0.2 0.3 Guyana 0.8 0.7 Haiti 0.9 0.3 Surinam e 0.8 0.5 Trinidad and Tobago 0.3 0.4 Barbado s 0.6 0.9 Belize 1.1 0.9 HIV prevalence among young women (aged 15 –24 years) No HIV prevalence among young men (aged 15 –24 years) Yes Data not available
  • 52.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Number of new HIV infections, Caribbean, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -18% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Number of AIDS-related deaths, Caribbean, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -23% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Caribbean, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Caribbean, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.05 [0.04–0.08] Target value 0.48 0.00 0.0 6 0.4 2 0.3 6 0.3 0 0.2 4 0.1 8 0.1 2 Epidemic transition measures
  • 53.
    1% 25% 1% 47% 14% Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, Caribbean, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Caribbean, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. Bahama s Barbados Belize Cuba Dominican Republic Guyana Rest of the region Haiti Jamaica Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender women † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. 12% 15% 3% 49% 12% 1% 13% 1% 23% 1% 30% 32% New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 2% 2% 1%2% 1% 3% 3% 3% 2%
  • 54.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission c Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago f a a g h i k l n o b b b b b a j a P Cuba m Belize Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. a e d a
  • 55.
    Cuba Jamaica Haiti Dominican Republic Percentageof ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Caribbean, 2000–2017 Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Caribbean, most recent data, 2012–2016 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2017. *Female respondents only. Jamaica Haiti Dominican Republic Saint Lucia* Belize* Guyana* Barbados* Cuba* 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Per cent 50 0 40 30 10 20 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 2017 Percent (1st of 2 slides)
  • 56.
    Percentage of peopleliving with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, Belize, 2013 Stigma and discrimination Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided HIV testing in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, Cuba, 2017 Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, Belize, 2013. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2017. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Per cent 100 0 40 20 80 60 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Per cent 10 0 4 2 8 6 (Last of 2 slides)
  • 57.
    Source: 2017 and2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), Caribbean, 2018 Through private providers, the Internet and/or research Through public facilities, private providers and/or research PrEP not available Data not available *Female respondents only. Combination HIV prevention
  • 58.
    HIV prevalence amongkey populations, countries with available data, Caribbean, 2015–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Transgender persons Prisoners Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Grenada Cuba Haiti Suriname Bahamas Saint Lucia Trinidad and Tobago Belize Dominica Antigua and Barbuda Grenada Jamaica Guyana Barbados
  • 59.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, Caribbean, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 54 800 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 74 400 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 103 000 300 000 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 73% [53– >95%] 57% [42–80%] 40% [30–56%] 275 000 250 000 225 000 200 000 175 000 150 000 125 000 100 000 75 000 50 000 25 000 HIV testing and treatment
  • 60.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Caribbean, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 75% [58– >95%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 48% [34–60%] New child infections Transmission rate 13.3% [10.7–15.6%] Number of births to women living with HIV 9000 0 8000 2000 6000 4000 7000 1000 5000 3000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
  • 61.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Caribbean *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 700 500 300 100 0 600 400 200 Investment
  • 62.
    18. Middle Eastand North Africa
  • 63.
    Countries with laws,regulations or policies specifying mandatory HIV testing for marriage and to obtain a work or residence permit, Middle East and North Africa, 2018 Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Mandatory testing to obtain a work or residence permit Mandatory testing for marriage and to obtain a work or residence permit No mandatory testing Data not available
  • 64.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Number of AIDS-related deaths, Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = +11% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Middle East and North Africa, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Number of new HIV infections, Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = +12% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5000 0 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5000 0 Incidence:prevalence ratio, Middle East and North Africa, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.08 [0.05–0.14] Target value 0.3 8 0.3 0 0.2 4 0.1 6 0.0 8 0.0 0 Epidemic transition measures
  • 65.
    2% 13% 38% 17% 30% Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 9% 31% 2% 7% 37% 5% 35% 5% 8% 27% 1% 12% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Algeria Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Morocco Rest of the region Sudan Tunisia Somalia † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 1% 6% 2% 5% 4% 3%
  • 66.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission f d e g b b h c Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen j k a a l m n o b b b b b b b b b Iran (Islamic Republic of) a b c Egypt i Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
  • 67.
    Percentage of menand women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Middle East and North Africa, most recent data, 2012–2016 Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2012–2014 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2014. *Female respondents only. Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Egypt Yemen Jordan Sudan Algeria 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent Egypt Jordan (1st of 2 slides)
  • 68.
    Percentage of peopleliving with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2012–2017 Stigma and discrimination Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2014–2017 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2012–2017. Source: : Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Per cent Algeria 100 0 80 20 60 40 Morocco Per cent 60 0 40 20 Algeria Morocco Yemen People who inject drugs (Last of 2 slides)
  • 69.
    Country Sex workersGay men and other men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Djibouti 1700 1300 Egypt 23 000 126 000 93 000 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 400 000 360 000 200 000 Lebanon 4200 8000 9000 Morocco 72 000 42 000 1200 Somalia 3700 Sudan 260 000 140 000 Syrian Arab Republic 25 000 10 000 Tunisia 25 000 28 000 9000 Yemen 59 000 44 000 20 000 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Estimated size of key populations, Middle East and North Africa, 2014–2017 Combination HIV prevention
  • 70.
    Percentage of sexworkers reporting condom use with last client, countries with available data, Middle East and North Africa, 2015–2017 Source: 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Per cent 100 0 40 20 80 60 Somalia Sudan Morocco Tunisia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Algeria Djibouti
  • 71.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Gap to reaching the first 90: 87 100 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 112 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 110 000 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 50% [30–73%] 29% [17–43%] 22% [13–32%] 220 000 0 200 000 180 000 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 HIV testing and treatment
  • 72.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring. Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Middle East and North Africa, 2017 Births to women living with HIV Women receiving antiretrovirals to prevent vertical transmission 22% [15– 32%] Infants tested by 8 weeks of age 18% New child infections Transmission rate 24.7% [23.1–26.3%] Number of births to women living with HIV 6000 0 2000 4000 1000 5000 3000 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission
  • 73.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2000–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, Middle East and North Africa *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 800 600 400 200 0 700 500 300 100 Investment
  • 74.
    19. Eastern Europeand central Asia
  • 75.
    Percentage change innew HIV infections among adults (aged 15 years and older) between 2010 and 2017, eastern Europe and central Asia Source: 2018 UNAIDS estimates. Decrease of more than 25% Decrease of 10 –25% Change of +/->10% Increase of 10 –74% Increase of 75% or more Data not available
  • 76.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Number of new HIV infections, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2000–2017 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = +29% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Number of AIDS-related deaths, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = +0.1 % 2000 2017 2010 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, eastern Europe and central Asia, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 40 000 0 160 000 120 000 80 000 Incidence:prevalence ratio, eastern Europe and central Asia, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.09 [0.08–0.10] Target value 0.4 5 0.3 6 0.2 7 0.1 8 0.0 9 0.0 0 Epidemic transition measures
  • 77.
    Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 75% 1% 10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 56% 26% 2% 6% 3% 9% 39% 21% 28% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population† People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men Azerbaija n Rest of the region Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Republic of Moldova Tajikistan Ukraine Russian Federation Uzbekistan † Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 5% 3% 2% 1% 3% 1% 4% 2% 1%
  • 78.
    Laws and policiesscorecard Source: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted. Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Country Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Criminalizatio n of sex work Criminalizatio n of transgender people Drug use or possession for personal use an offence Criminalizatio n of same-sex sexual acts Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan TFYR Macedonia Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan h j i j e d a f b b b b Bosnia and Herzegovina a g c c Belarus Yes No Data not available Criminalized and/or prosecuted Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Data not available Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Data not available Death penalty Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Data not available Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available Yes No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No Data not available Yes No Data not available Yes No Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018. a
  • 79.
    Percentage of ever-marriedor partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2012–2016 Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, eastern Europe and central Asia, most recent data, 2012–2016 Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2013–2015 Stigma and discrimination Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016. Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2017. Percent 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index survey, 2013–2015. Kyrgyzstan* Kazakhstan* Republic of Moldova* Ukraine* Tajikistan* Armenia Montenegro* Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Armenia Per cent 60 0 40 10 30 20 Tajikistan Kazakhsta n Ukraine Kyrgyzstan Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent 50
  • 80.
    Source: UNAIDS specialanalysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details HIV testing and treatment cascade, eastern Europe and central Asia, 2017 36% [29–41%] 73% [59–83%] 73% [59–83%] Gap to reaching the first 90: 240 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 635 000 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 668 000 1.6 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 73% [59–83%] 36% [29–41%] 26% [21–30%] 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 HIV testing and treatment
  • 81.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018resource availability and needs estimates. HIV resource availability by source, 2006–2017, and projected resource needs by 2020, eastern Europe and central Asia *Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars. US$ (million) Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other internationa l Resource needs (Fast-Track) 2018 2019 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 1800 600 0 1200 1400 200 800 1600 400 1000 Investment
  • 82.
    20. Western andcentral Europe and North America
  • 83.
    Uptake of pre-exposureprophylaxis, 2017, as a proportion of estimated 2015 need, United States of America Sources: (Estimated PrEP need, 2015) Smith DK, et al, Estimates of adults with indications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by jurisdiction, transmission risk group, and race/ethnicity, United States, 2015, Annals of Epidemiology (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.annepidem.2018.05.003. (PrEP uptake, 2017) Data on Truvada prescriptions for unique individuals provided to UNAIDS by Gilead Pharmaceuticals and Kaiser Permanente. Note: The prescription data from Kaiser Permanente was limited to northern California. Data for other Kaiser Permanente facilities in southern California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Oregon, Virginia, Washington and other health-care providers/prescribers (e.g. hospitals, prisons and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs) were not available at the time of publication. Together with missing prescribing information or misreporting of the prescribed use of Truvada, these omissions may represent an additional 30% of PrEP prescriptions in 2017. 0–5% 6–10% 11–15% 16–20% 21–25% Data not available
  • 84.
    PrEP availability, countriescovered by the European Medicines Agency, 2018 Sources: UNAIDS review based on communications with public health authorities and project managers, 2018. Note: The European Medicines Agency has approved the use of tenofovir in combination with emtricitabine as PrEP in all countries in its mandate. (http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index. jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000594/human_med_001113.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124). Switzerland is not covered by the European Medicines Agency. There are several examples of localized PrEP initiatives that are not captured on this map. Limited national availability National subsidized programme No data Generic PrEP available through certain pharmacies National level demonstration research
  • 85.
    Source: UNAIDS 2018estimates. Number of AIDS-related deaths, western and central Europe and North America, 2000–2017 Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 = -36% 2000 2017 2010 Number of AIDS-related deaths 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 = -8% 2000 2017 2010 Number of new HIV infections 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Number of new HIV infections, western and central Europe and North America, 2000–2017 Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, western and central Europe and North America, 1990–2017 New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Incidence:prevalence ratio, western and central Europe and North America, 1990–2017 Incidence:prevalence ratio 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2017 incidence:prevalenc e ratio = 0.03 [0.03–0.04] Target value 0.1 2 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.0 6 0.0 3 Epidemic transition measures
  • 86.
    Distribution of newHIV infections, by population group, western and central Europe and North America, 2017 Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, western and central Europe and North America, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018. Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates. 2% 7% 57% 24% 10% 8% 4% 1% 6% 54% 4% 21% 3% 4% 2% 2% 84% Sex workers Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations Rest of population People who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands Portugal Rest of the region Romania Spain United States of America * Estimates of new HIV infections for the United States of America are as of 2015. Estimates for AIDS- related deaths for the United States were not available at the time of publication, but are included in the overall regional estimates for 2017. New HIV infections AIDS-related deaths 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3%
  • 87.
    Percentage of keypopulations who reported having avoided health-care services in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, Serbia, 2013 Stigma and discrimination Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in health-care settings, countries with available data, western and central Europe and North America, 2013–2017 Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2013–2017. Source: Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2013. Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent Per cent 50 0 25 Per cent 20 0 15 10 5 Female sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex with men Germany Greece Portugal Michigan, United States of America (1st of 2 slides)
  • 88.
    Stigma and discrimination Percentageof ever-married or partnered women aged 18–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, western and central Europe and North America, 2012–2014 Per cent 50 0 40 10 30 20 Turkey* Finland Hungary Slovakia Denmark France Italy Belgium Bulgaria Greece Latvia Netherlands Romania Czechia Sweden Germany Malta Austria Croatia Estonia Portugal Lithuania United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Ireland Cyprus Luxembourg Poland Spain Slovenia Source: United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Indicators Global Database. Accessed 29 June 2018 (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/). *Women aged 15–59 years. (Last of 2 slides)
  • 89.
    HIV testing andtreatment Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details. HIV testing and treatment cascade, western and central Europe and North America, 2016 Gap to reaching the first 90: 109 000 Gap to reaching the first and second 90s: 98 500 Gap to reaching the three 90s: 165 000 2.5 0 People living with HIV who know their status People living with HIV on treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed Number of people living with HIV (million) 85% [65–95%] 76% [59–88%] 65% [50–76%] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5