The document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It explains that gerunds can function as nouns as subjects, objects, or subject complements. Infinitives can function as adjectives or adverbs. The document provides formulas for forming gerunds and infinitives and discusses their different functions. It lists verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives and prepositions that can be followed by gerunds. The key difference discussed is that gerunds indicate simultaneous or past actions while infinitives indicate future or possible actions.

1. GERUND AND INFINITIVES
ERIS HARIYANTO
STIE RAHMANIYAH SEKAYU
2012
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2. GERUND
Gerunds and infinitives
can function as:
NOUNS
(subjects, objects, subject
complements)
As subjects, they take a singular verb.
Only Gerunds can be object of the
preposition
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3. GERUND
Formula
Verb 1 + ing → as a noun
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4. GERUND
To form gerunds, use
the base form + ing
(don’t forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)
I enjoy learning English
To form negative gerunds, use
not + gerund
Not speaking English well is my biggest
problem in this country.
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5. Function.............
as a Subject
Smoking cost a lot of money
Dancing is fun
as an Object
I don’t like writting a letter
He enjoys working with children
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6. Function.............
as a Complement
My favorite occupation is reading novel
stories
as a certain Verb
I dislike reading newspaper
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7. Function.............
After prepositions
( on, at, after, before etc )
After reading the book, she turn off the
light
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8. Function
By + gerund
You get good grades by studying
hard.
go + gerund
Recreational activities: camping, dancing,
sightseeing, swimming, skiing, fishing, jogging,
I will go fishing with you tomorrow
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9. The different........
PRESENT CONTINUOUS or GERUND
Present Continuous
I am studiying Englih now → as a verb
Gerund
My hobby is swimming → as a noun
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10. Verbs that take only Gerunds
 Appreciate  Keep
 Avoid  Mention
 Delay  Mind
 Deny  Miss
 Discuss  Postpone
 Dislike  Quit
 Enjoy  Recall
 Excuse  Recommend
 Finish  Resent
 understand  suggest
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11. Common preposition
combinations followed by gerunds
 Be excited about, complain about, talk about,
think about, worry about
 Apologize for, blame for, famous for
 Believe in, interested in, succeed in
 Take care of, instead of, be accused of
 Insist on, count on, concentrate on
 Keep from, prevent from, profit from
 In addition to, look forward to, be us to
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12. Some expressions are used with
gerunds
Be busy, can’t help, have fun,
it’s no use, it’s not worth
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13. INFINITIVES
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14. INFINITIVE
Formula.....
To + Verb → as adjective / adverb
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15. INFINITIVE
To form infinitives use
to + base form of the verb
I want to dance
To form negative infinitives use
Not + infinitive
He decided not to go to the party
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16. Function
as a Subject
To play football in the yard, when it’s
cloudy is very dangerous.
To live in the United States is my dream
as an Object
When it’s cloudy, is very dangerous to play
football.
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17. Function
There are two verbs
I refused to accept your help.
After adjective
I lazy to study English.
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18. Function
After pronoun
Andy asked indah to marry him.
After Noun
Susan will go to shopping mall to buy a
new bag.
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19. Verbs that take infinitives
Verb + infinitives – agree, appear, decide
hope, intend, learn, offer, plan, seem, tend, wait,
can afford
Verb + Noun phrase + infinitive – cause,
convince, force, invite, order, persuade, remind,
tell, trust, warn, advise, encourage
Verbs that come directly after the infinitive or
have a noun phrase – ask, beg, choose, expect,
need, want, would like, promise
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20. Adjectives followed by infinitives
Afraid, amazed, anxious, ashamed, caref
ul, delighted, eager, fortunate, glad, happ
y, lucky, pleased, ready, sad, sorry,
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21. Infinitive with too and enough
too + adjective or adverb + infinitive
She is too young to vote.
Adjective or adverb + enough +
infinitive
They are old enough to vote.
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22. The different....
Gerund
Deddy is used to like criying when he get
bad score.
Invinitive
Deddy is used to like cry when he get bad
score.
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23. The different....
Gerunds often follow verbs that indicate that
an action is happening or has happened.
The action expressed by the verb comes at the
same time or after the action expressed by the
gerund.
We enjoy going to concerts.
(you can only enjoy things you are doing or have done –
not things you haven’t done yet.)
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24. The different....
Iinfinitives often follow verbs that indicate that
an action will or could happen.
The action expressed by the verb comes before
the action expressed by the infinitive.
We hope to go to the concert.
(You can hope for things that could happen
not things that have already happened)
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25. Thank you....
For your atention
Sekayu
2012
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