Overview of the Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology (GERAM) presented at the Enterprise Architecture Research Forum as a discussion topic about basic Enterprise Architecture concepts.

2. • Acquired by HWA in 2006
• Toaster assembly line
• “House brand”
manufacturer for clients
• Original business
• Industrial strength blender
assembly line
• Premium brand blender
assembly line planned
• New business unit started
in 2009
• In-house appliance
repairs
• Joint venture with Phoenix
Distribution
• Outsourced warehousing
• Distribution to major retail
chains across South Africa

3. • Acquired by HWA in 2006
• Toaster assembly line
• “House brand”
manufacturer for clients
Continues
Improvement
Greenfield
installation
Reengineering
Supply
chain
integration
Reorganisation
• New business unit started
in 2009
• In-house appliance
repairs
• Original business
• Industrial strength blender
assembly line
• Premium brand blender
assembly line planned
enterprise
engineering and
enterprise integration
• Joint venture with Phoenix
Distribution
• Outsourced warehousing
• Distribution to major retail
chains across South Africa

4. • Enterprise Architecture
– Enterprise Architecture is the continuous practice of describing the
essential elements of a socio-technical organization, their relationships
to each other and to the environment, in order to understand complexity
and manage change.
http://hufee.meraka.org.za/Hufeesite/collaborations/earf
• Enterprise Integration
– Enterprise Integration is about breaking down organisational barriers
and improving interoperability to create synergy within the enterprise to
operate more efficiently and adaptively.
• Enterprise Engineering
GERAM V1.6.3, IFIP-IFAC Task Force, 1999
– Enterprise Engineering is the collection of those tools and methods
which one can use to design and continually maintain an integrated
state of the enterprise.
GERAM V1.6.3, IFIP-IFAC Task Force, 1999

5. EMLs
Utilise
EEM
Employs
GERA
Implemented in
PEMs
Support
EETs
Support
GEMCs
Used to
build
EMs
EMOs
Used to
implement
EOS
GERAM is about those methods,
models and tools which are
needed to build and maintain the
integrated enterprise, be it a part
of an enterprise, a single
enterprise or a network of
enterprises

6. Enterprise
Modelling
Languages
EMLs
Utilise
EEM
PEMs
EETs
Support
Used to
build
Enterprise
Modules
Support
(Particular)
Enterprise
Models
Used to
implement
(Particular)
Enterprise
Operational
Systems
EOS
GEMCs
Generic
Enterprise
Modelling
Concepts
Enterprise
Engineering
Tools
EMs
EMOs
GERA
Enterprise
Engineering
Methodology
Implemented in
Partial
Enterprise
Models
Employs
Generic
Enterprise
Reference
Architecture
GERAM is about those methods,
models and tools which are
needed to build and maintain the
integrated enterprise, be it a part
of an enterprise, a single
enterprise or a network of
enterprises

7. Industrial
Engineering
Control
Engineering
Management
Science
Change
Process
Information &
Communication
Technology

8. EMLs
Human
Concepts
Utilise
EEM
Employs
GERA
Process
Concepts
Technology
Concepts
Implemented in
PEMs
Enterprise
Engineering Tool
Support
EETs
Used to
build
EMs
EMOs
Used to
implement
EOS
Support
GEMCs
GERAM is about those methods,
models and tools which are
needed to build and maintain the
integrated enterprise, be it a part
of an enterprise, a single
enterprise or a network of
enterprises

9. • Human oriented concepts
• Process oriented concepts
• Technology oriented concepts
• GERA Views

10. • Roles & Responsibilities
– Single person more than 1 role
– Responsibilities must be carried out concurrently and cohesively while
reporting to different people using non-aligned control procedures
• Need to capture constructs that promote the use of knowledge
(possessed by humans) in the form of reusable enterprise models
e.g.
– Roles of individuals and groups
– Organisational structures and constraints that are applied to co-ordinate
the roles defined including delegation,reporting procedures, etc.
– The capabilities and qualities of people
However sophisticated and integrated an enterprise can be,
humans will always make the final decision.

11. • Describe the processes in the enterprise
– Functionality (what needs to be done)
– Behaviour (sequence in which things are actually done)
• The process-oriented concepts defined in GERA
– Enterprise entity life-cycle
– Life history
– Enterprise entity types

12. Life-cycle Phases
Enterprise
Engineering
Project
Identification
Enterprise
Engineering
Project
Continuous
improvement
Project
Concept
Requirements
Reengineering
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Greenfield
installation
Continues
Improvement
Time
Decommissioning
Project

13. Manufacturing
Entity (Type 3)
Strategic
Management
Entity (Type 1)
Identification
Concept
Requirements
Product: Enterprise Design
Construction
Entity (Type 2)
Preliminary Design
Engineering
Entity (Type 2)
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Enterprise
Product
(Type 4)
Product: Enterprise Concept
Product: Enterprise
Installation
Manufacturing
Entity (Type 3)

14. Silverton Assembly
Plant (Type 3)
HomeWare
Appliaces
(Type 1)
Identification
Concept
Requirements
Product: Enterprise Design
Project
Smoothie
(Type 2)
Product: Enterprise Concept
Preliminary Design
Group EA
(Type 2)
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Premium
Brand Blender
(Type 4)
Product: Enterprise
Installation
Silverton
Assembly Plant
(Type 3)

15. • Technology employed by
– Enterprise engineering process
– Operational environment
• Production oriented technology
– Involved in producing the enterprise products and customer services
• Management and control oriented technology
– Provide communication and information processing and information
sharing

16. Entity Life-cycle
Phases
Identification
Model
Content Views
Purpose
Views
Implementation Manifestation
Views
Views
Concept
Requirements
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Function
Information
Resource
Organisation
Customer
Service &
Product
Management
& Control
Mission
Support
Technology
Human Tasks
Management &
Control Technology
Software
Hardware