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GEOPOLITICAL EVENTS – VACCINES
ROLLOUT – W/E JULY 10, 2021
Paul Young CPA CGA
July 10, 2021
PAUL YOUNG - BIO
• CPA, CGA
• Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2)
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Business Process Change
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Macro/Micro Indicators
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform
Contact information: Paul_Young_CGA@hotmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
SlideShare - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga
AGENDA
• Cases
• Deaths
• Vaccinations by country
• Vaccinations / Delivery
• Vaccines / Approval
• Vaccinations / Procurement
• Employment – January 2021 (USA vs Canada)
• Unemployment (Canada vs OECD and G7)
• Global GDP / Forecast
• Blog – Crisis Management
• Blog – New Normal
• Blog – Supply Chain
• Summary
• Training/Development
CASES
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rates-
and-analysis/economic-
analysis.html
covid19-daily-monito
r_202117077.pdf
DEATHS
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rates
-and-analysis/economic-
analysis.html
DOSAGE
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rates-
and-analysis/economic-
analysis.html
DOSAGE
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rates-
and-analysis/economic-
analysis.html
VACCINES
APPROVAL
Source -
https://www.nytimes.com/inter
active/2020/science/coronaviru
s-vaccine-tracker.html
PROCUREMENT
/
VACCINATIONS
Source -
https://launchandscalefaster.or
g/COVID-19
VACCINATION DOSAGE
Source - https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/tracking-coronavirus-
across-the-world
PROCUREMENT VACCINATIONS
• Issues with EMEA supply chain - https://www.wsj.com/articles/vaccine-manufacturing-issues-force-moderna-
to-cut-supplies-to-canada-u-k-11618600046
• Establishing a hub - https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/establishment-of-a-covid-19-mrna-
vaccine-technology-transfer-hub-to-scale-up-global-manufacturing
• India and vaccine production - https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-vaccinations-fall-peak-infections-
hit-record-2021-04-16/
• South Korea and production - https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-vaccinations-fall-peak-infections-
hit-record-2021-04-16/
• Biden and vaccinations - https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/covid-19-tracker-johnson-johnson-aims-to-
test-shot-kids-president-trump-talks-firing-fauci
• Production - https://www.livemint.com/topic/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker
• Half of California have at least one shot - https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/coronavirus-covid-19-
national-news/the-latest-half-eligible-californians-have-at-least-1-shot-3634318
USA VS CANADA EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMEN
T – MAY
2021
SOURCE - HTTPS://WWW150.STATCAN.GC.CA/N1/DAILY-QUOTIDIEN/210709/DQ210709A-
ENG.HTM
USA VS CANADA EMPLOYMENT
GDP – CANADA VS USA
Source -
https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/5d512b38-
d983-47d7-b6e9-a343cbe5c8a7/
Source - https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/7e369473-72c6-44b5-8f75-
7f848fab76da/ or https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/141d2bb1-5de8-4baf-
9084-a73d6f4bd186/
Canada’s real gross domestic product (GDP) contracted 0.3% in April after 11 consecutive monthly
increases. With the first decline in 12 months, total economic activity remained at about 1% below its
level before the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020. - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/gdp-
april-201-by-industry-canada
GDP FORECAST
Source – Scotiabank
• Inflation is cropping up
• Debt default is on the rise
• Higher costs of commodities
• Significant challenges exist within the supply chain
• Job quality issues
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for-the-
global-economy-march-2021 or
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for-
the-global-economy-april-2021-updated-april-23-2021
Canada is not going to hit 6.4% GDP growth in 2021 due to
ongoing battles with COVID19.
The world needs to find a better balance between protecting
the environment and growing the world economy.
CANADA UNEMPLOYMENT VS OECD
Source - https://betterdwelling.com/canadian-unemployment-is-55-higher-than-g7-
average-oecd/
BLOG – CRISIS MANAGEMENT
There are emergency management
depts for a reason. So, why has
emergency management not been
subjected to annual audits as part of
scrutinization when it comes to
geopolitical events?
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcg
a/crisis-and-emergency-management-
how-best-to-manage-risk
AUDIT REPORT / CANADA PANDEMIC
Crisis Management
Auditor/Report
Despite nearly two decades of warnings, planning and government spending, the
Public Health Agency of Canada was not ready for the global pandemic and did not
appreciate the threat it posed in its early stages, Canada's auditor general says.
In a hard-hitting review released today, Auditor General Karen Hogan took the
country's primary pandemic response agency to task for failures in early warning,
surveillance, risk assessments, data-sharing with the provinces and follow-up on
Canadian travelers who were ordered into quarantine.
"The agency was not adequately prepared to respond to the pandemic, and it
underestimated the potential impact of the virus at the onset of the pandemic," said
the AG's review — one of three that looked at the Liberal government's management
of the COVID-19 crisis, which as of Thursday had killed 22,780 Canadians and
brought the country's economy to its knees.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/auditor-general-pandemic-covid-phac-1.5963895
Here is my work on crisis management -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/why-there-needs-to-be-audited-reports-of-
crisis-emergency-management-policies-and-procedures
NEW NORMAL
Here are many links on great work by Mckinsey Group - https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/coronavirus-
leading-through-the-crisis?cid=other-eml-nsl-mip-
mck&hlkid=e220291424cb421991e4e6a3b37ecb2d&hctky=11493232&hdpid=b812b692-ed48-496d-a1e4-
9eb133561e6b#
I can add a bit more color in terms of what needs to transpire:
1. Careers in demand are those that are in areas like skills trades or healthcare or Information technology.
2. World continues to grow public sector employment at higher rate than the goods-producing sector.
3. Targeting policies that will support the reshoring of key parts of the supply chain.
4. Better balance between regulations when it comes to supporting getting goods to market.
5. More targeted focus of customers on areas like customer success to better help drive transformation of both the
public and private sectors.
6. Information technology will play a key role in terms of transforming the economy.
7. Fixing issues with global trade including the elimination of protectionism policies.
8. Reforming taxation including transforming tax acts as well as closing-down tax havens.
9. Reforming the housing market to ensure it is more affordable.
10. Reforming the size of government as part of moving to a digital model
Source - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/new-normal-canada-and-the-world-february-2021-242414576
SUPPLY CHAIN
@SeanFraserMP you would think that your government would support made-in Canada solutions or is it just doublespeak
from you and your govt? https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/nova-scotia-company-that-retooled-
factory-to-make-medical-gowns-loses-new-tender-267567/
Meanwhile, Biden is moving with identifying strategic parts of the supply chain! The target is areas like rare earths, chips,
medical supplies, and other areas that are important to health of the USA economy.
https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3123943/making-us-supply-chains-stronger-bidens-policies-may-end-
looking or https://nationalinterest.org/feature/biden%E2%80%99s-supply-chain-executive-order-doesn%E2%80%99t-
boost-defense-industrial-base%E2%80%94and-%E2%80%99s-ok-179124
My work - Mar/21 - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-reshore-supply-chain-management
NEXT PANDEMIC
Source - https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/g20-leaders-urged-at-
global-health-summit-to-take-bold-action-to-prevent-future-pandemics-
868068233.html
TORONTO, May 21, 2021 /CNW/ - As G20 leaders meet for a Global Health Summit, the global
charity World Animal Protection is urging them to prioritize pandemic prevention and to curb the
global commercial wildlife trade due to its role in this pandemic and previous epidemics.
How come you never demand performance audits from @WHO
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/the-importance-of-
value-for-money-and-perfomance-based-audits
RISK MANAGEMENT
Blog – Managing Data as part of Mitigating Geopolitical Risks –
Private and Public Sector
• This ties nicely into my many blogs around how best to
managed data as it relates to geopolitical events:
• Audit and Risk Analytics
https://ibm.ent.box.com/folder/116292560123
• Crisis and Emergency Management -
https://ibm.box.com/s/rsp6p9tez8uru9fo0wu5d13bxt7rtrr0
SUMMARY
• More needs to be done to open up the economy in a safe way - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-can-both-the-
public-and-private-sectors-mitigate-geopolitical-risks
• The new normal is here to stay as both public and private sector cannot afford another shutdown that happen with COVID19 -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for-the-global-economy-january-2021
• Accounting associations around the world need to push for mandatory audits of risk and crisis management -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/interna-audit-operational-and-performance-audit-outlook-2021-and-beyong
• The world is heading for a debt crisis - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/debt-issues-global-debt-crisis-analysis-and-
commentary
• Macro/Micro Indicators for the United States - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/key-macro-and-micro-indicators-
united-states-february-2021-245192755
• All levels of government need to work together to better support the private sector -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-fix-competitiveness-through-government-policy
• Trudeau and vaccines-” The doses from India were available due to the generosity of the Indian government and the
cancellation of contracts by countries like South Africa. These American doses aren’t being released out of true friendship with
Canada and Mexico, the Biden administration has been as protectionist on the vaccine front as the Trump administration.” -
https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/lilley-canada-gets-extra-doses-but-it-aint-due-to-trudeau
REOPENING THE ECONOMY
1. Many countries continue to struggle with the vaccination of its people - https://www.ft.com/content/a2901ce8-5eb7-4633-b89c-
cbdf5b386938
2. Rise of inflation around the globe - https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/global-economic-outlook/weekly-
update.html
3. Top re-opening stocks - https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/ready-global-economy-reopening-buy-155953883.html
4. Korea’s exports - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-20/korea-early-exports-surge-as-vaccines-spur-global-
reopening
5. GDP - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-21/charting-the-global-economy-u-s-europe-breaking-free-of-virus
6. Supply chain issues - https://www.ttnews.com/articles/world-economy-suddenly-running-low-everything
7. Job Quality issues - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/job-crisis-in-canada-may-2021
8. Small to medium size enterprises - While very large companies dominate news headlines in the manufacturing space, a new survey taking the pulse
of small firms indicates that nearly two in three expect business growth over the next six months — a night-and-day difference from a year earlier.
Link: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-small-medium-size-manufacturers-expecting-growth-paul-young/?published=t
9. Robot orders jumped 20 per cent in North America in the first quarter of 2021 over the same period in 2020, says a new report from the
Association for Advancing Automation (A3).There were spikes in orders from companies in metals (up 86 per cent), life
sciences/pharmaceutical/biomed (up 72 per cent), food and consumer goods (up 32 per cent), and other non-automotive industries (12 per cent)
Link - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-robotic-purchases-expanded-1q21-automation-paul-young/?published=t
10. New Normal
1. Merkel is working with WHO on an early warning Hub.
2. Too many governments are pushing the green agenda at all costs.
3. China continues to be in the driver seat.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
• If you like to learn more
about trade and/or other
subjects as part of your
professional learning, and
development then feel
free to review my material
on
https://www.udemy.com/
(search Paul Young CPA
CGA)
• These subjects address
how to fixed issues with
housing and/or systemic
issues related to economy
including government
policies

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Geopolitical Events|COVID19|Canada and the World| July 17, 2021

  • 1. GEOPOLITICAL EVENTS – VACCINES ROLLOUT – W/E JULY 10, 2021 Paul Young CPA CGA July 10, 2021
  • 2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO • CPA, CGA • Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2) • SME – Risk Management • SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting • SME – Public Policy • SME – Emerging Technology • SME – Business Process Change • SME – Financial Solutions • SME – Macro/Micro Indicators • SME – Supply Chain Management • SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform Contact information: Paul_Young_CGA@hotmail.com LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/ SlideShare - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga
  • 3. AGENDA • Cases • Deaths • Vaccinations by country • Vaccinations / Delivery • Vaccines / Approval • Vaccinations / Procurement • Employment – January 2021 (USA vs Canada) • Unemployment (Canada vs OECD and G7) • Global GDP / Forecast • Blog – Crisis Management • Blog – New Normal • Blog – Supply Chain • Summary • Training/Development
  • 10. VACCINATION DOSAGE Source - https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/tracking-coronavirus- across-the-world
  • 11. PROCUREMENT VACCINATIONS • Issues with EMEA supply chain - https://www.wsj.com/articles/vaccine-manufacturing-issues-force-moderna- to-cut-supplies-to-canada-u-k-11618600046 • Establishing a hub - https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/establishment-of-a-covid-19-mrna- vaccine-technology-transfer-hub-to-scale-up-global-manufacturing • India and vaccine production - https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-vaccinations-fall-peak-infections- hit-record-2021-04-16/ • South Korea and production - https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-vaccinations-fall-peak-infections- hit-record-2021-04-16/ • Biden and vaccinations - https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/covid-19-tracker-johnson-johnson-aims-to- test-shot-kids-president-trump-talks-firing-fauci • Production - https://www.livemint.com/topic/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker • Half of California have at least one shot - https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/coronavirus-covid-19- national-news/the-latest-half-eligible-californians-have-at-least-1-shot-3634318
  • 12. USA VS CANADA EMPLOYMENT
  • 13. EMPLOYMEN T – MAY 2021 SOURCE - HTTPS://WWW150.STATCAN.GC.CA/N1/DAILY-QUOTIDIEN/210709/DQ210709A- ENG.HTM
  • 14. USA VS CANADA EMPLOYMENT
  • 15. GDP – CANADA VS USA Source - https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/5d512b38- d983-47d7-b6e9-a343cbe5c8a7/ Source - https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/7e369473-72c6-44b5-8f75- 7f848fab76da/ or https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/141d2bb1-5de8-4baf- 9084-a73d6f4bd186/ Canada’s real gross domestic product (GDP) contracted 0.3% in April after 11 consecutive monthly increases. With the first decline in 12 months, total economic activity remained at about 1% below its level before the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020. - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/gdp- april-201-by-industry-canada
  • 16. GDP FORECAST Source – Scotiabank • Inflation is cropping up • Debt default is on the rise • Higher costs of commodities • Significant challenges exist within the supply chain • Job quality issues https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for-the- global-economy-march-2021 or https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for- the-global-economy-april-2021-updated-april-23-2021 Canada is not going to hit 6.4% GDP growth in 2021 due to ongoing battles with COVID19. The world needs to find a better balance between protecting the environment and growing the world economy.
  • 17. CANADA UNEMPLOYMENT VS OECD Source - https://betterdwelling.com/canadian-unemployment-is-55-higher-than-g7- average-oecd/
  • 18. BLOG – CRISIS MANAGEMENT There are emergency management depts for a reason. So, why has emergency management not been subjected to annual audits as part of scrutinization when it comes to geopolitical events? https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcg a/crisis-and-emergency-management- how-best-to-manage-risk
  • 19. AUDIT REPORT / CANADA PANDEMIC Crisis Management Auditor/Report Despite nearly two decades of warnings, planning and government spending, the Public Health Agency of Canada was not ready for the global pandemic and did not appreciate the threat it posed in its early stages, Canada's auditor general says. In a hard-hitting review released today, Auditor General Karen Hogan took the country's primary pandemic response agency to task for failures in early warning, surveillance, risk assessments, data-sharing with the provinces and follow-up on Canadian travelers who were ordered into quarantine. "The agency was not adequately prepared to respond to the pandemic, and it underestimated the potential impact of the virus at the onset of the pandemic," said the AG's review — one of three that looked at the Liberal government's management of the COVID-19 crisis, which as of Thursday had killed 22,780 Canadians and brought the country's economy to its knees. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/auditor-general-pandemic-covid-phac-1.5963895 Here is my work on crisis management - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/why-there-needs-to-be-audited-reports-of- crisis-emergency-management-policies-and-procedures
  • 20. NEW NORMAL Here are many links on great work by Mckinsey Group - https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/coronavirus- leading-through-the-crisis?cid=other-eml-nsl-mip- mck&hlkid=e220291424cb421991e4e6a3b37ecb2d&hctky=11493232&hdpid=b812b692-ed48-496d-a1e4- 9eb133561e6b# I can add a bit more color in terms of what needs to transpire: 1. Careers in demand are those that are in areas like skills trades or healthcare or Information technology. 2. World continues to grow public sector employment at higher rate than the goods-producing sector. 3. Targeting policies that will support the reshoring of key parts of the supply chain. 4. Better balance between regulations when it comes to supporting getting goods to market. 5. More targeted focus of customers on areas like customer success to better help drive transformation of both the public and private sectors. 6. Information technology will play a key role in terms of transforming the economy. 7. Fixing issues with global trade including the elimination of protectionism policies. 8. Reforming taxation including transforming tax acts as well as closing-down tax havens. 9. Reforming the housing market to ensure it is more affordable. 10. Reforming the size of government as part of moving to a digital model Source - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/new-normal-canada-and-the-world-february-2021-242414576
  • 21. SUPPLY CHAIN @SeanFraserMP you would think that your government would support made-in Canada solutions or is it just doublespeak from you and your govt? https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/nova-scotia-company-that-retooled- factory-to-make-medical-gowns-loses-new-tender-267567/ Meanwhile, Biden is moving with identifying strategic parts of the supply chain! The target is areas like rare earths, chips, medical supplies, and other areas that are important to health of the USA economy. https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3123943/making-us-supply-chains-stronger-bidens-policies-may-end- looking or https://nationalinterest.org/feature/biden%E2%80%99s-supply-chain-executive-order-doesn%E2%80%99t- boost-defense-industrial-base%E2%80%94and-%E2%80%99s-ok-179124 My work - Mar/21 - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-reshore-supply-chain-management
  • 22. NEXT PANDEMIC Source - https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/g20-leaders-urged-at- global-health-summit-to-take-bold-action-to-prevent-future-pandemics- 868068233.html TORONTO, May 21, 2021 /CNW/ - As G20 leaders meet for a Global Health Summit, the global charity World Animal Protection is urging them to prioritize pandemic prevention and to curb the global commercial wildlife trade due to its role in this pandemic and previous epidemics. How come you never demand performance audits from @WHO https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/the-importance-of- value-for-money-and-perfomance-based-audits
  • 23. RISK MANAGEMENT Blog – Managing Data as part of Mitigating Geopolitical Risks – Private and Public Sector • This ties nicely into my many blogs around how best to managed data as it relates to geopolitical events: • Audit and Risk Analytics https://ibm.ent.box.com/folder/116292560123 • Crisis and Emergency Management - https://ibm.box.com/s/rsp6p9tez8uru9fo0wu5d13bxt7rtrr0
  • 24. SUMMARY • More needs to be done to open up the economy in a safe way - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-can-both-the- public-and-private-sectors-mitigate-geopolitical-risks • The new normal is here to stay as both public and private sector cannot afford another shutdown that happen with COVID19 - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for-the-global-economy-january-2021 • Accounting associations around the world need to push for mandatory audits of risk and crisis management - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/interna-audit-operational-and-performance-audit-outlook-2021-and-beyong • The world is heading for a debt crisis - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/debt-issues-global-debt-crisis-analysis-and- commentary • Macro/Micro Indicators for the United States - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/key-macro-and-micro-indicators- united-states-february-2021-245192755 • All levels of government need to work together to better support the private sector - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-fix-competitiveness-through-government-policy • Trudeau and vaccines-” The doses from India were available due to the generosity of the Indian government and the cancellation of contracts by countries like South Africa. These American doses aren’t being released out of true friendship with Canada and Mexico, the Biden administration has been as protectionist on the vaccine front as the Trump administration.” - https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/lilley-canada-gets-extra-doses-but-it-aint-due-to-trudeau
  • 25. REOPENING THE ECONOMY 1. Many countries continue to struggle with the vaccination of its people - https://www.ft.com/content/a2901ce8-5eb7-4633-b89c- cbdf5b386938 2. Rise of inflation around the globe - https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/global-economic-outlook/weekly- update.html 3. Top re-opening stocks - https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/ready-global-economy-reopening-buy-155953883.html 4. Korea’s exports - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-20/korea-early-exports-surge-as-vaccines-spur-global- reopening 5. GDP - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-21/charting-the-global-economy-u-s-europe-breaking-free-of-virus 6. Supply chain issues - https://www.ttnews.com/articles/world-economy-suddenly-running-low-everything 7. Job Quality issues - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/job-crisis-in-canada-may-2021 8. Small to medium size enterprises - While very large companies dominate news headlines in the manufacturing space, a new survey taking the pulse of small firms indicates that nearly two in three expect business growth over the next six months — a night-and-day difference from a year earlier. Link: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-small-medium-size-manufacturers-expecting-growth-paul-young/?published=t 9. Robot orders jumped 20 per cent in North America in the first quarter of 2021 over the same period in 2020, says a new report from the Association for Advancing Automation (A3).There were spikes in orders from companies in metals (up 86 per cent), life sciences/pharmaceutical/biomed (up 72 per cent), food and consumer goods (up 32 per cent), and other non-automotive industries (12 per cent) Link - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-robotic-purchases-expanded-1q21-automation-paul-young/?published=t 10. New Normal 1. Merkel is working with WHO on an early warning Hub. 2. Too many governments are pushing the green agenda at all costs. 3. China continues to be in the driver seat.
  • 26. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT • If you like to learn more about trade and/or other subjects as part of your professional learning, and development then feel free to review my material on https://www.udemy.com/ (search Paul Young CPA CGA) • These subjects address how to fixed issues with housing and/or systemic issues related to economy including government policies