Geographic intelligence. This presentation was developed in 2000-2001 in response to a question from a senior military officer who asked "how much geographic information do I need and what can go wrong if I haven't got it"!
This presentation was developed in 2001-02. It introduced the concept of Geographic Intelligence and included major Defence capabilities. The presentation set a vision for the year 2020 including a 'Virtual World'.
This presentation was developed in 2001-02. It introduced the concept of Geographic Intelligence and included major Defence capabilities. The presentation set a vision for the year 2020 including a 'Virtual World'.
Ever since airplanes, or indeed hot air balloons, appeared air intelligence has been one of the most productive sources of information on
enemies or potential enemies. It has stood the test of time, developing
successive and greatly improved generations of planes and photographic equipment specially designed for the task. Among the best
known, but hardly the only one, was the U-2. This form then took a
huge leap forward during the space age, with the utilization of satellites
for reconnaissance purposes, then returning to earth with the use of
smaller and simpler drones, whose main advantage was getting closer
to the terrain but without endangering a pilot or crew. Indeed, it looked
as if nothing could surpass air intelligence over the long decades from
World War I and World War II, through the Cold War and assorted hot
wars in Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq—that is, until 11 September 2001, and the increasing use of suicide bombers reminded us
that there are still some things human operatives can do better. Still,
when it comes to war, and for other purposes as well, nothing has and nothing is likely to surpass air intelligence.
Means of WarfareThough we have no records of ancient man’s iAbramMartino96
Means of Warfare
Though we have no records of ancient man’s interest in flight we definitely can go back to the great Leonardo Da Vinci and sketches of a mechanical winged device and the Ornithopter. In the ensuing years, man developed hot air balloons. First used during the Napoleonic Wars, the US Army used them during the Civil War, and the French government used them while the Prussians laid siege to Paris in 1870. With such a graphic demonstration of the new options they presented, the British, French, Austrians and Germans developed Balloon Corps within their military establishments. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin developed the first dirigible with a rigid frame—the zeppelin—in 1900. All these are lighter than air inventions. Simultaneous to their development, scientists and inventors examined the possibilities for heavier than air flight. Sir George Cayley studied the physics of flight and developed a practical glider. Sir William Henson built on Cayley’s work and developed a prototype for a steam-driven aircraft. Francis Wenham built the first wind tunnel. Alphonse Penaud and Victor Tatin developed monoplanes and Russian Alexander Mozhaiski flew a steam-powered monoplane 98 feet.[1]However, all these models had significant difficulties with the controls and were subject to the vagaries of the atmosphere and terrain.
The Wrightflyer
It was the Wright brothers who finally developed mechanical means of controlling pitch, role and yaw. Rather than looking at a steam engine, they developed a light-weight internal combustion engine for their plane. They succeeded in conducting the first controlled flight of a powered engine at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina on December 17, 1903.[2] The years between that first flight and the outbreak of the Great War saw tremendous development of aircraft throughout Europe, and most of the Armies kept close tabs on those developments, many of them operating their own aircraft programs.
Aircraft were a part of the arsenals of all the belligerents in the Great War, but they had very limited use. One of the most important of their capabilities was intelligence gathering. Able to fly above the battlefield, and behind enemy lines, pilots could provide important information on enemy troop movements and artillery placement to their headquarters. Occasionally they dropped hand grenades on the enemy. Once they had developed proper gun synchronization (to prevent the pilot from destroying the propeller as he fired his machine gun) pilots of the various belligerents engaged in “dog fights.” Flyers became the new heroes of the 20th century, though regardless of the “romance” of the airman, aircraft had little impact on the outcome of World War I. Take a look at some of the early planes and pilot training in this documentary from World War I.
Kresha Kopik
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World War I Aircraft (WWI Documentary, 1953)
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Dare to Change 1980Reflections of one of Australia's Military MapmakersRobert (Bob) Williams
It was 40+ years ago!
Reflections of One of Australia’s Military Mapmakers
(SPR / CPL / SGT / SSGT / LT / CAPT / MAJ / DR)
Robert (Bob) Williams
Cartographic Information Systems – DES and MAPPACK:
Then wait; there’s more!
This is an overview of a cartographic mapping package developed at the Canberra College of Advanced Education. The package demonstrates educational and navigational applications and was produced for the semester unit Special Studies in Computing in the course for the award of Bachelor of Arts in Computing Studies.
It was 20 years ago!
Dare to Change - Geographic Intelligence – The Key to Information Superiority
Request for assistance:
“I’ve lined up CDF (Chief of the Defence Force) to give a luncheon talk to the members of ASIBA (Australasia Spatial Information Business Association) on Thursday 10 October. Naturally I will have to write his speech! If you have any particular thoughts on what I might include, I would be grateful. The aim will be to give the spatial industry lobby a feeling that Defence recognises, values and needs quality geo information in many areas.
As well, I’ve agreed to speak to AURISA (Australasian Urban and Regional Information Association) on November 27 – guest / keynote speaker I think. Again any ideas you might want to proffer would be welcome”.
[Director, DIGO]
Geospatial Intelligence in Support of the Australian Approach to WarfareRobert (Bob) Williams
This paper (written in 2003) introduces the term geospatial intelligence to the lexicon of Australia’s national security. The paper describes a framework of concepts as they apply to imagery, imagery intelligence, and geographic, infrastructure and environmental information, referred to collectively as Geospatial Intelligence. The paper also describes the means of acquiring, processing and disseminating the range of products and services to the Defence community, referred to as Geospatial Information Infrastructure.
The article linked to (below) is somewhat of an odyssey. It commences with discussion on, possibly, the first land information system in Australia and my association with it - Eurobodalla.
It then briefly describes follow on applications including a military terrain-mapping product. Subsequent products cover the littoral zone for beach landings. So, it could be described as terrain intelligence.
This idea stemmed from the D-Day invasion maps (Benson and Bigot).
And, so, follows the Benson and Bigot story – an amazing cartographic accomplishment. To view a video of this stunning activity view the link at the end of the article
The article linked to (below) is somewhat of an odyssey. It commences with discussion on, possibly, the first land information system in Australia and my association with it - Eurobodalla.
It then briefly describes follow on applications including a military terrain-mapping product. Subsequent products cover the littoral zone for beach landings. So, it could be described as terrain intelligence.
This idea stemmed from the D-Day invasion maps (Benson and Bigot).
And, so, follows the Benson and Bigot story – an amazing cartographic accomplishment. To view a video of this stunning activity view the link at the end of the article.
Hydrospatial 21 [Education] - Dr Bob Williams
My presentation at Hydrospatial 21 at Cairns in February 2022 was titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future". It referred to supplementary information in other presentations.
This supplementary presentation describes "Education" and related topics; a personal experience
EDUCATION is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills and personal development and should be an enlightening experience.
Hydrospatial 21 [Policy] - Dr Bob Williams
My presentation at Hydrospatial 21 at Cairns in February 2022 was titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future". It referred to supplementary information in other presentations.
This supplementary presentation describes "Policy" and related topics.
POLICY is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as capability development.
My Hydrospatial 21 presentation titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future" contained a number of slides noting supplement.
This presentation is the Capability Development link. CAPABILITY is defined as the capacity to achieve a specific effect, in a nominated operating environment or location, within a specific degree of notice, and to sustain that effect for a given time. CAPABILITY has as its components: personnel; education and training; equipment; organisation; structure; deployment; preparedness; and doctrine
My Hydrospatial 21 presentation titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future" contained a number of slides noting supplement.
This presentation is the Rosetta link. It suggests that visionary capabilities are possible and uses components of the Rosetta mission with past capabilities.
Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the FutureRobert (Bob) Williams
This presentation was given at Hydrospatial 2021 held in February 2022 at Cairns, Queensland. The presentation looks at capability of the futuristic Oceania Infrastructure and Environmental Support System.
A presentation to supplement a presentation titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future" given at Hydrospatial21 held in cairns February 2022
Research and development project proposal written in december 1994. The purpose was to offer a strategy and a commitment to an evolutionary approach in the development of a system to provide Regional Geospatial Information and service.
Digital transformation and the concept of a 'virtual world' was a topic of interest in the 1990s. The Australian Defence Organisation conducted a number of major capability studies in the mid 1990s including the Environmental and Geographic Information Capability Study. Following on from that I presented this presentation.
eGeoBrief - Afghanistan - Facilities
The Facilities presentation was produced in October 2001.
The overall eGeoBrief has presentations for History, Geography, Politics, Communications, Facilities, Resources, Economy and Envronment.
CAUTION:
Information contained in this product has been compiled from a range of sources from the Internet.
Information has NOT been independently validated.
This product has been developed as a ‘proof of concept’ for electronic geographic briefs (eGeoBrief)
There are moments in one’s career that, in retrospect, hold significance. The 24th August 2001 is one of those days – 20 years ago today.
On 23rd August I travelled from Adelaide to Canberra and gave a number of presentations on my recent overseas trip on 24 August 2001.
In this document I introduce two audacious initiatives: Aeronatical Intelligence and eGeoBriefs (via an avatar).
Twenty years ago various organisations and professional bodies were developing leading edge capability in geospatial infrastructures. This presentation following an overseas visit was given to various groups in Canberra on 24 August 2001.
This is a story of an amazing military mapping organisation and its iconic home - Fortuna Villa, Bendigo. The document include many photographs, figures, and descriptions.
My reflection is the the Mid-70s to Mid-80s were Enlightening years. This presentation describes my activities for that timeline including studies at the Canberra College of Education
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Obesity causes and management and associated medical conditions
Geographic intelligence 2002
1. Geographic Intelligence
Dare to change
The key to information superiority
An original idea of
Dr Bob Williams
2001-2002
eGeoBrief
#
# Title first used on 5 April 2001
Concept raised on 23 June 1994
2. Surveying and mapping
an enduring commitment
Ø Intelligence, surveillance & reconnaissance
Ø Targeting and weapons employment
Ø Command, control and communication
Ø Navigation and guidance
Ø Health and survival, search and rescue
Ø Mobility and manoeuvre
An exploratory and expeditionary operation
The ‘rape’ of camels
A Chinese embassy Senhor Heldeweir
An Italian gondola
The soles of boots
Penis gourds
Geographic Intelligence
18 minutes
3. The soles of boots
The “Ambush in Mogadishu" was the US military’s most
violent combat firefight since Vietnam. On October 3, 1993
elite units of the US Army's Rangers and Delta Force were
ambushed by Somali men, women and children armed with
automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenades. The
Rangers were pinned down in the most dangerous part of
Mogadishu, Somalia and taking casualties. What had
started out as an operation to capture warlord Mohamed
Farah Aidid--turned into a tragic firefight that lasted
seventeen hours, left eighteen Americans dead, eighty four
wounded and continues to haunt the US military and
American foreign policy.
Spec. MIKE KURTH, Air Assault Force: In the city, they didn't
care for us. In, I guess, their culture, the biggest way of
insulting somebody is showing them the bottom of their
shoe, and people would take off their shoe and show it to us.
And we always wondered if we- if we were- if they were doing
that to us because they didn't like us, or- there could be- we
were hanging our legs out, so, of course, we're showing them
the bottoms of our shoes. And I always thought, "Well, maybe
there we're giving the wrong signal out."
Mohamed Farrah Aidid
4. The ‘rape’ of camels
The United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM I) was set up to facilitate humanitarian aid to people trapped by
civil war and famine. The mission developed into a broad attempt to help stop the conflict and reconstitute the basic
institutions of a viable State. Somalia occupies a strategically important geopolitical position at the Horn of Africa.
The political culture is influenced by competition among a number of clans and clan-based factions.
At a presentation given at DSTO(S) on 24
September 1999, COL Alain Dunaud, Director for
Information Systems, French Army commented
on 'situation awareness' issues in Somalia and
stated that their intelligence monitored the trade
in camels. He had a translation issue and said
“rape” instead of “trade”.
Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways: 22,100 km
Pipelines: crude oil 15 km
Ports and harbors: Bender Cassim, Berbera,
Chisimayu, Merca, Mogadishu
Airports: 61 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: 7 (1999 est.)
Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: NA
Telephone system: the public telecommunications system was
completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions.
Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 4 (1988)
Radios: 470,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: 135,000 (1997)
Population
Ethnic groups:
Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000
Religions:
Sunni Muslim
Languages:
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
5. An Italian gondola
A Marine EA-6B Prowler surveillance aircraft was on a training mission when it sheared cable car wires in
the ski resort of Cavalese, sending a cabin plunging onto an icy mountainside.
THE Marine EA-6B Prowler was not equipped with a heads-up display that might have given the pilot
more information about his surroundings, and that the hard-copy map he was using did not depict the
gondola cable.
Heads-up displays, or HUDs, provide pilots with an eye-level view of critical flight data, such as location
of the horizon, altitude, heading and airspeed.
TWO MAPS AND A TRAGEDY
The Marine Corps pilot whose jet struck a
ski gondola cable on February 3, 1998 in
Italy, killing 20 people, used a U.S. Military
map[produced by Defense Mapping Agency,
US] that failed to show the cable. An Italian
aviation chart [produced by AMI-CNBBQ,
Italy] shows the obstruction.
Sunday, May 16, 1999
6. A Chinese Embassy
It is important to understand that our ability to locate fixed- targets is no better than the data bases, and the data bases in this case were wrong!
DCI Statement on the Belgrade Embassy Bombing, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Open Hearing 22 July 1999
The Chinese Embassy in the Yugoslav capital,
Belgrade, was hit and set on fire during NATO
air strikes on the city.
NATO admitted making a “tragic mistake” in
firing missiles at the Chinese Embassy in
Belgrade on Friday May 8, 1999 – an attack in
which four people were reported dead and
twenty injured.
George J.Tenet
Director of Central Intelligence Dr. John J. Hamre Deputy Secretary of Defense
LTGEN James C.King
Director of National Imagery and
Mapping Agency
7. Senhor João Luis Jacques António Henrique Heldeweir
Bulletin: Mon, Oct 11 1999 9:20
Indonesian forces fired at Australian troops
with the Interfet multinational force in the
first officially-acknowledged exchange of
fire in a disputed area on the border between
East and West Timor ... near the border town
of Motaain. [The incident occurred on
Sunday Oct 10 1999]
Reporters on the scene say the TNI
[Indonesian military] were using an old
Dutch map, showing Motaain in West Timor.
The Australians were using an Indonesian
map, showing Motaain in East Timor.
Probable recognition of province
boundary as border
The UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office
position is that the boundary on the Island
of Timor is a full international, de jure
boundary, which was delimited by
agreement between Portugal and the
Netherlands signed in 1904 and clarified
by the decision of the Permanent Court of
Arbitration in 1914
Series D42:7(2A)
Centro de Geografia
do Ultramar
1967
91/XLV ATAMBOA
Topografische diest, Batavia 1941
2407-122/121 BATUGADE
Bakosurtanal, Jakarta 1992
8. Penis gourds
Dani tribesmen of Baliem Valley Bell H1 Helicopter Iroquois
OP CENDERAWASIH 77
On 29 July 1977 two Iroquois from No.9 Sqn RAAF made an attempt to
position a survey party in the Irian Jaya highlands between Wamena
and Apahapsili. The mission had to be aborted due to heavy cloud and
one helicopter disappeared with 5 on board whilst returning to base at
Wamena in the Baliem Valley.
It was found the next day crashed in a moss forest lying at 10,000 feet
near Pass Valley. The first on the scene were two RASvy NCOs who
made a perilous descent by helicopter winch down through the jungle
canopy to the wreckage 60 metres below. Four had survived and one
died in the accident.
The later appearance of a SAS unit helped secure the site against
possible OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka or Free Papua Movement)
interference.
Crossing a ridge in the central highlands
Iroquois A2-379
LANDSAT 1 Aug 00
9. 0845 EDT A hijacked passenger jet, American Flight 11, crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center
0903 EDT A second hijacked airliner, United Flight 175, crashes into the south tower of the World Trade Center
0930 EDT Bush, speaking in Florida, says the country has suffered an "apparent terrorist attack."
0940 EDT The FAA halts all flight operations at U.S. airports
0943 EDT A third hijacked aircraft, American Airlines Flight 77, crashes into the Pentagon
0950 EDT The south tower of the World Trade Center collapses
1010 EDT United Airlines Flight 93 crashes in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh
1010 EDT A portion of the Pentagon collapses
1029 EDT The World Trade Center's north tower collapses
1045 EDT All federal office buildings in Washington are evacuated
1118 EDT American Airlines reports it has lost two aircraft. American Flight 11, flying from Boston to Los Angeles, and Flight 77, en route
from Washington's Dulles International Airport to Los Angeles. Flight 11 hit the north tower of the World Trade Center. Flight 77 hit the Pentagon
1126 EDT United Airlines reports that United Flight 93, en route from Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco, has crashed in Pennsylvania
1159 EDT United Airlines confirms that Flight 175, from Boston to Los Angeles, has crashed
1304 EDT Bush puts the U.S. military on high alert worldwide
1348 EDT President Bush leaves Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana aboard Air Force One and flies to Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska
1630 EDT The president leaves Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska aboard Air Force One to return to Washington
1720 EDT The 47-story Building 7 of the World Trade Center complex collapses
1854 EDT Bush arrives back at the White House
2030 EDT Bush addresses the nation
18 Minutes
Tuesday, 11 September, 2001
10. Assessment of the issues
^
The ‘rape’ of camels
A Chinese embassy
Senhor Heldeweir
An Italian gondola
Penis gourds
The soles of boots
Intelligence, surveillance & reconnaissance
Targeting and weapons employment
Command, control and communication
Navigation and guidance
Health and survival
Mobility and manoeuvre
• Modelling demography and urban areas
• Multilingual products and briefs
• Infrastructure directories
• Ingress, egress and contingency plans
• High resolution imagery and precise plans
• Gazetteer and address matching
• Database design
• Database management and accreditation
• Right info, right format, right time
• Focal area products
• Multiple representations
• Electronic libraries
• Spectrum management
• Terrain and obstacles
• Cockpit displays and analysis
• Interoperability and data exchange
• Military standards and protocols
• Geographic intelligence
• Search and rescue
• Environmental information
incl diseases and incl characteristics
applicable to - drug/illegal traffic
• Terrain and environmental analysis
• Transportation and logistics
• Regional infrastructure characteristics
• Oceanography and weather
(COASTWATCH)
18 minutes
Readiness
Responsiveness
Knowledge management
11. Operational information within the C2 process
HIGHER
AUTHORITY
COMMAND
Intelligence
Intelligence
Analysis
Intelligence Data
Collection
Resources
Weapons
Systems
Own
Forces
Logistics
Systems
Command
Support
Situation
Awareness
Military
Response
Options
Virtual
environment
Demography
Infrastructure
Physiography
Environment
Imagery
Ø Geography
Ø History
Ø Environment
Ø Economy
Ø Politics
Ø Communications
Ø Facilities
Ø Resources
IGI Service
Imagery and Geospatial
Information Infrastructure
Global Information Grid
Resource management
• Precision weapon systems
• Fleet and asset management
• Logistics
Command Support
• Situation awareness
• Simulation, planning & rehearsal
• Air space management, spectrum management, etc
Surveillance
• Manned airborne, UAV, satellite
• Comprehensive sensor list
• Expeditionary forces
Intelligence
• Warnings and indicators
• Multi-INT
• All operating levels
Cartographically
modelled
Surveillance
Sensor
Management
12. The meaning of life
2000
2010
2005
2020
Authority
Intelligence
Resource & asset
management
Command
Support
Surveillance
Command
Knowledge-based systems
as an integral part of the C2 capability
Defence Planning and Operations
ADO
MGI ASDI
www
ADO
Users
Geospatial information infrastructure
1990
1980
1970
42
JP Parare 1
ARM Automap 1
ARM Automap 2
ARM Automap 3
ARM MES 42
Information for input into
future weapon, navigation,
command and control, and
intelligence systems
Source
acquisition
Imagery
preparation
Data
extraction
Product
construction
Distribution
Database
management
Single service/agency GIS systems
Videre
Parare
Est A Virtual World
Intelligent systems
13. Evolution from producing and supplying maps and charts
to managing and disseminating geospatial information
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MAPPING
Multiple Depots
Maps/Charts
Documents
Standard Products
Multiple
Agencies
Service Users
Defence
MGI
Agencies
Defence Planning and Operational needs assessment
at Strategic, Operational and Tactical levels
Electronic
Briefs and Plans
User community
Clearinghouse
Coalition
Agencies
Scientific and Technical
Advice
Deployable
MGI
Sections
Civilian
GI Agencies
eBusiness
strategy for supply and demand
of geospatial information
14. Evolution from paper products
[and digital facsimiles of paper-based products]
to visual communications
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MAPPING
Future
3 and 4 dimensional
visualisations
Large and multiple
screen
visualisations
Electronic briefs
integrated with
telecommunication
Electronic briefs and plans
integrated with deployable
assets and bridge and cockpit
displays
Including integrated
navigation systems
15. Evolution from manual planning methods
to analytical geospatial reasoning
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CARTOGRAPHY
Reasoning and advice
for situation awareness
and military response options
Geospatial and imagery databases,
products and services
structured for use in C3ISR systems,
smart navigation systems, and
facilities / asset management systems
Geospatial reasoning for
terrain modelling,
environmental analysis,
site selection, sensor management,
asset and fleet management, and
mission planning and rehearsal
View
View
Gives
View
Processing for
• Terrain Visualisation
• Network Analysis
Analysis for
• Mission Planning
• Avenues of Approach
Datasets for
• Terrain Analysis
• Transport
& Logistics
e.g. ACTIVITY
• Invasion planning
PURPOSE
• Operational planning
and rehearsal
ANALYST
viewpoint
DIGO
viewpoint
PROJECT
and
CSS
viewpoint
Gives
Gives
Contingency support plans
Operational orders
Military Response Options
Risk assessment
Agency function of
acquisition, compilation and
production of geospatial information
and imagery products to populate a
geospatial information infrastructure
GII&S Infrastructure
Capability development
for operational planning,
modelling and simulation,
rehearsal and operation
educate
influence
information
knowledge
16. Pre-planned flight path
Evolution from static map graphics
to electronic illustrated briefs; dynamic modelling and
simulation; automated navigation; etc…; etc...
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CARTOGRAPHY
HAZARDS - REMARKS
Wind Curfew 10:00. Can be surprisingly
turbulent inside abort point.
Stay in center. Crowd control problems.
eGeoBrief
17. Evolution from product databases
to an Imagery and Geospatial Information Infrastructure
Demography
Infrastructure
Physiography
Environment
Imagery
Demography
Infrastructure
Physiography
Environment
Imagery
Demography
Infrastructure
Physiography
Environment
Imagery
Demography
Infrastructure
Physiography
Environment
Imagery
Demography
Infrastructure
Physiography
Environment
Imagery
0 Strategic Level
1 Operational Level
2 Tactical Level
3 Focal area/urban
4 Facility / target
Measures of Trust
Spatial data model Reference system
Lineage Positional accuracy
Currency Relative accuracy
Datum/s Accreditation
Measures of
Trust
IGI Service
Imagery and Geospatial
Information Infrastructure
G
L
O
B
A
L
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
G
R
I
D
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CARTOGRAPHY
Intelligence
community
Operational
units
Deployable
assets
Profiles
Web portal
18. Geospatial Information Infrastructure
Technologies:
• Photogrammetry
• Remote sensing
• Cartography
INFORMATION PRODUCTION
Imagery analysts
Geospatial analysts
GI APPLICATIONS
Areas of application:
• Intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance
• Targeting and weapons employment
• Command and control
• Navigation and guidance
• Health and survival
• Mobility and manoeuvre
The Defence Capability Plan:
• enhanced imagery collection
• enhanced geospatial information systems
• improved dissemination systems
POLICY, DOCTRINE & MANAGEMENT DATAACQUISITION
Information Management and
Dissemination
Technologies:
• Geodetic surveying
• Satellite and airborne surveying
• Remote sensing
• Photogrammetry
• Cartography
Geomatics and computer science
Needs assessment
Readiness assessment
19. Evolution in surveying
which embraces satellite, airborne and remote sensor technologies
Evolution in geodetic surveying
GPS (Global Positioning System)
DGPS (Differential GPS)
GNSS(Global Navigation
Satellite System)
Long Range Kinematic techniques
and applications in real-time
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN SURVEYING
The SRTM used a technique
called radar interferometry.
In radar interferometry, two radar images are
taken from slightly different locations.
The differences between these images
allow for the calculation of surface
elevation. The result gives digital
elevation models of the earth’s surface.
Airborne Digital Sensor
LH Systems’ (Leica Helava)
ADS40 is the first commercial
airborne digital sensor and its
broad ground coverage and multispectral
image collection are set to combine
photogrammetric accuracy and remote sensing
insight. Triple image matching can be used for
triangulation and DTM generation.
Innovation from industry
The Laser Airborne Depth Sounder
(LADS) provides accurate, high
density digital depth and positional
data of coastal waters up to 50 metres
in depth. Flying at 145 knots, 500
metres above the sea, unhindered by
reefs or shallows, LADS surveys the
sea floor at a rate in excess of 50
square kilometres an hour.
Airborne Hydrographic Surveying
Bathymetry and oceanography
Autonomous Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
Hyperspectral satellite imagery
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
Fugro’s FLI-MAP system integrates a number of
recent innovations including a scanning laser, a
solid state Inertial Navigation System,
kinematic GPS technology, digital
video imagery and custom-built
software resulting in an outstanding
tool for 3D Corridor Mapping 3D
geometry of terrain features with a
horizontal and vertical accuracy of 5-10cm.
20. Evolution in mapping
which embraces photogrammetry, remote sensing, and
cartography technologies
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MAPPING
Image Visualisation
Visualisation technology
can now project images
for screens as large
as IMAX
Remote Sensing
Landsat
SPOT Multispectral imagery
Stereoscopic capability
RADARSAT
ERS
IRS
JERS
RESURS
Vegetation classification
Oceanography
Elevation modelling
Environmental analysis
Photogrammetry
Analytical tools:
• Terrain and river
network analysis
3D modelling options
Photogrammetry
Electronic publishing
Kiosk-style applications
Defence applications
Feature and object
geometry and topology
Spatial data
organisation and
management
Cartography - GIS
Soft-copy photogrammetry:
• triangulation
• orientation
• feature collection
• digital terrain models
• orthophotos
• mosaics
• fly-throughs
21. References and Acknowledgments
FRONTLINE #1704 Air date: September 28, 1998
“Ambush in Mogadishu” Written, Produced and Directed By William Cran
“Blackhawk Down” Mark Bowden, November 16, 1997
The soles of boots
Somalia - UNOSOM I
Department of Public Information, United Nations
The rape of camels
An Italian gondola
“Cable car trial highlights role of cockpit IT”
Web posted at: 12:25 p.m. EST (1725 GMT) March 8, 1999
A Chinese Embassy
Senhor João Luis Jacques
António Henrique Heldeweir
Penis gourds
“U.S. Military Accidents Linked to Flawed Maps”
Sunday, May 16, 1999 ID: 0990044055
“Embassy Bombed”
Saturday, May 8, 1999 Published at 21:09 GMT 22:09 UK
ABC News Online
Bulletin: Mon, Oct 11 1999 9:20
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
2000
C.D.Coulthard-Clark
“Australia’s Military Mapmakers”
The Royal Australian Survey Corps 1915-96
18 Minutes
Numerous postings
11-12 September 2001