Geographic Information Management Transformation
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GI Management Transformation: from geometry to data-based relationships. - Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University & Programmable City, Maynooth University. Address given at Ordnance Survey Ireland GI R&D Initiatives, Tuesday, 22 March 2016, 13:00 to 20:30 (GMT), Maynooth University.
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Geographic Information Management Transformation
- 1. GI Management Transformation: from geometry to databased relationships Ordnance Survey Ireland GI R&D Initiatives Tuesday, 22 March 2016, 13:00 to 20:30 (GMT) , Maynooth University Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University & Programmable City, Maynooth University
- 2. How is the city translated into software and data? Programmable City Project Translation: City into Code/Data Transduction: Code/Data Reshape City THE CITYSOFTWARE/DATA Discourses, Practices, Knowledge, Models Mediation, Augmentation, Facilitation, Regulation How do software and data reshape the city?
- 3. Socio-technological data assemblage Material Platform (infrastructure – hardware) Code Platform (operating system) Code/algorithms (software) Data(base) Interface Reception/Operation (user/usage) Systems of thought Forms of knowledge Finance Political economies Governmentalities & legalities Organisations and institutions Subjectivities and communities Marketplace System/process performs a task Context frames the system/task Digital socio-technical assemblage HCI, remediation studies Critical code studies Software studies Critical data studies New media studies game studies Critical Social Science Science Technology Studies Platform studies Places Practices Flowline/Lifecycle The Data Revolution, Rob Kitchin, 2014.
- 4. Prime 2 Models and Concepts Skin of the earth ‘real world’ object modelling 5 skin of the earth objects Ways Water Vegetation Artificial Exposed Z-Layer Superimposed Objects Segmentation & Connectivity GDF1 GDF2 centrelines Sites & Locals Boundaries Links objects using persistent ID’s Form & Function object classification 3D data storage (CityGML LOD2) Grouped
- 5. Seamless, topologically consistent blanket of polygons tha cover the entire surface of Ireland w/no holes or gaps
- 6. Seamless, topologically consistent blanket of polygons tha cover the entire surface of Ireland w/no holes or gaps
- 7. Cassini, 6”, 1st ed. Circa? Heuston station across time Cassini 6”, 1943-44
- 8. Heuston station across time Cassini 25”, 1st ed, Circa? Cassini25”, 1936
- 9. Heuston station across time Heuston Station, Prime2 MapGenie Heuston Station, Prime2 SOE
- 10. Evolution Institutionally Colonial surveyor Military Mapping Organization Civil Service National Mapping Organization (NMO) State Body NMO Will become a NMO w/in Tailte Éireann Technologically Data collection Techniques Scale Geometry Skill Technologies Dissemination Scope Colonial mapping National mapping Post Colonial mapping OSi/OSNI/OSGB EU / Inspire / NSDI Global
- 12. Etymology
- 13. Etymology
- 14. Etymology
- 15. Etymology
- 16. Relationality
- 17. Genealogy of a model
- 18. Genealogy of a Model
- 19. Genealogy of a model
- 20. Genealogy of a data model
- 21. Models are also actors Models shape how the world is viewed the world of work tools & techniques the structure of an organization how organizations interconnect with others Models augment space Models are socially constructed by people
- 22. Models are also actors Models shape how the world is viewed the world of work tools & techniques the structure of an organization how organizations interconnect with others Models augment space Models are socially constructed by people
- 23. Models are also actors Models shape how the world is viewed the world of work tools & techniques the structure of an organization how organizations interconnect with others Models augment space Models are socially constructed by people
- 24. Ontologizing the City - From Old School National Cartographic Based Classification toward a Rules Based Real-World Object Oriented National Database Object of Study Data assemblage of OSi PRIME2 Examine how ‘real’ things are understood in the new object oriented data model Assess if these change how space is modelled and then acted upon Time frame Jan. 2015-2018 Data Management and Ethics ERC Maynooth University SSHRC Tri-Council Case Study Outputs Case study report Data assemblage Tracing the production of space Genealogy from class to object Academic publications Funding Programmable City Project P.I. Prof. Rob Kitchin NIRSA, Maynooth University European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY
- 25. Data Collection Attend OSi & 1Spatial Road shows and public speaking events One day coordinated field trip & group interviews at OSi Sligo (survey data capture unit) Examine the Prime & Prime2 flow lines Real-time survey and data update of a building 1.5 months as an embedded researcher, OSi in Phoenix Park One-on-one interviews with key actors (Transcribed audio recordings): Group interview Document Collection Collection of objects across time for Dublin
- 26. Acknowledgements The research for this paper was funded by a European Research Council Advanced Investigator award (ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY. I would like to express my gratitude to all at Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) for generously sharing their knowledge and time.
Editor's Notes
- Slide image credit: http://www.frenchpayrollexpert.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/database.jpg Map Image Source: OSi Website
- Social construction of technology approach, where technology, society and culture are conceived as one of mutual shaping. In this case, how is the city translated into software and data, and in turn how do we read, understand, change the way we act and how does the city change when we read the city via software and data. The overall objective of the Programmable City project is to examine how software and data make a difference to contemporary urbanism, and to analyze the city with “respect to four key urban practices - understanding, managing, working, and living in the city”.
- This socio-technological assemblage includes the co-functioning heterogeneous elements of a large complex socio-technological system – which are loosely coupled. The OSi is an archetypical socio-technological data assemblage. The diagram above includes context which frames how, in this case, the data model is viewed. The systems and processes views the model from a technical perspectives the objects itself, and critical social science elements are the lenses used to theoretically examine the data model, in this case there is an emphasis on Critical Data Studies and to a lesser extent platform and code/software studies. This assemblage is evolving as case studies are undertaken, it was originally developed by Rob Kitchin in the Data Revolution and as part of the proposal for the ERC Funded Programmable City Project. Here, the flowline/lifecycle was added as that is a key aspect of the OSi data model.
- I was first exposed to the new data mode, Sept. 17 2014 at the Guinness Storehouse 1Spatial roadshow. It was then that I realized that the model is fundamentally changing the way the material world is classified and modelled. I did not fully realize at the time how transformative it was also to work, organization, technology, the institution and the geo and non geo data terrain in Ireland. The changing terrain will be seen in the years to come. See: Prime2 Data Concepts and Data Mode Overview http://www.osi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Prime2-V-2.pdf
- The OSi world is no longer about map sheets stitched together, organized as a grid, or layers of cartographic images, in the new data model the Ireland becomes a seamless, topologically consistent blanket of polygons which cover the entire surface of the Island w/no holes or gaps, but not in a map but in a database. The left is the old and the right is the new.
- For example, maps were hand drawn from the original survey, these maps were then scanned and digitized/transcribed, those lines, points, polygons were arranged in sheets and were cartographically rendered, edited and managed with a tremendous amount of ‘localized’ knowledge by the cartographers. The data model is developed and these cartographic data are shipped to India for re-engineering into polygons, re-described and ascribed a unique ID. The final image is an example of how one calls up and views the new data.
- For example, maps were hand drawn from the original survey, these maps were then scanned and digitized/transcribed, those lines, points, polygons were arranged in sheets and were cartographically rendered, edited and managed with a tremendous amount of ‘localized’ knowledge by the cartographers. The data model is developed and these cartographic data are shipped to India for re-engineering into polygons, re-described and ascribed a unique ID. The final image is an example of how one calls up and views the new data.
- For example, maps were hand drawn from the original survey, these maps were then scanned and digitized/transcribed, those lines, points, polygons were arranged in sheets and were cartographically rendered, edited and managed with a tremendous amount of ‘localized’ knowledge by the cartographers. The data model is developed and these cartographic data are shipped to India for re-engineering into polygons, re-described and ascribed a unique ID. The final image is an example of how one calls up and views the new data.
- As we have just heard from Mick Cory and Andy McGill, the OSi has always been an innovator, it has overtime pragmatically embraced technologies and has implemented innovative practices. But none quite like this one, and in this case the OSi is leading and not following technology. The institution has changed and evolved, and the scope of the OSi’s work has evolved to become a regional and global leader, setting new standards and ways of working. OSi has intelligently entered into the brave new world of big data, spatially augmenting Ireland with code/software/data from one reliable source.
- This is transformative, Ireland is modelled into a topologically consistent database of polygons, which can be mapped at multiple scales in multiple formats, these polygons are also a series of linked objects that relate to other objects within the OSis collection/database of objects, or these can link to other artifacts, such as: RTE’s digital media; digitized museum and archeological collections that are engineered into linked data; 1916 letters; big data found in the commercial sector, such as utilities, property and valuation records, industry and finance, and social media, and also other aspects of the environment such as ecological zones, wind energy turbines, climate etc. The model becomes a core infrastructure upon which new knowledge can be produced. These data can also be linked to near real time data, sensor feeds and be the framework for smart city technologies. These data may allow for the modeling of dynamic processes, ebbs and flows of water, traffic, climate. They become an authoritative, reliable, and trusted state framework dataset. Image source http://labs.sogeti.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/digital-change.jpg
- Socio-technological transformations include connections to the past, things have a genealogy, a history, an etymology. Nothing is fixed, things come into being, yet things get captured and fixed in a moment is important. In the Heusten station example just shown, the maps captured and fixed space in sheets, and as we know those maps and those things mapped did not come from nowhere. They too have a provenance as Andy just discussed, and as Declan and Colin will discuss after the break. They come from pre-existing models of the world, which were captured in paper, based on older geometries and these retain their etymology in Prime2, we can trace the changes. These are stored in older media, the big data of the past if you will and these too will be made accessible in digital forms and preserved in Prime2 but also in the archives.
- Socio-technological transformations include connections to the past, things have a genealogy, a history, an etymology. Nothing is fixed, things come into being, yet things get captured and fixed in a moment is important. In the Heusten station example just shown, the maps captured and fixed space in sheets, and as we know those maps and those things mapped did not come from nowhere. They too have a provenance as Andy just discussed, and as Declan and Colin will discuss after the break. They come from pre-existing models of the world, which were captured in paper, based on older geometries and these retain their etymology in Prime2, we can trace the changes. These are stored in older media, the big data of the past if you will and these too will be made accessible in digital forms and preserved in Prime2 but also in the archives.
- Socio-technological transformations include connections to the past, things have a genealogy, a history, an etymology. Nothing is fixed, things come into being, yet things get captured and fixed in a moment is important. In the Heusten station example just shown, the maps captured and fixed space in sheets, and as we know those maps and those things mapped did not come from nowhere. They too have a provenance as Andy just discussed, and as Declan and Colin will discuss after the break. They come from pre-existing models of the world, which were captured in paper, based on older geometries and these retain their etymology in Prime2, we can trace the changes. These are stored in older media, the big data of the past if you will and these too will be made accessible in digital forms and preserved in Prime2 but also in the archives.
- Socio-technological transformations include connections to the past, things have a genealogy, a history, an etymology. Nothing is fixed, things come into being, yet things get captured and fixed in a moment is important. In the Heusten station example just shown, the maps captured and fixed space in sheets, and as we know those maps and those things mapped did not come from nowhere. They too have a provenance as Andy just discussed, and as Declan and Colin will discuss after the break. They come from pre-existing models of the world, which were captured in paper, based on older geometries and these retain their etymology in Prime2, we can trace the changes. These are stored in older media, the big data of the past if you will and these too will be made accessible in digital forms and preserved in Prime2 but also in the archives.
- Those older media were the foundation of Prime, Prime2 echoes Prime. New data coming into Prime2 are topologically situated in the past, as Prime data remain the core, but these Prime data are re-engineered data, bridging the past to now, but also traces of change. New data come into Prime2 and relate to all the other data in the database, a model that is continuously and dynamically coming into being.
- Models also have a past, and they too do not come from nowhere or suddenly appear. As discussed, Prime2 is an element of a large and complex socio-technological system – part of an assemblage – which interconnects with & enables other constellations of assemblages. This model has a history, and has evolved, it is based on real things and how those things fit into the world, a model of it and them, and all of those things are understood, mapped and modelled in a cohesive reality, of ‘real’ objects, and these are socially constructed by real people, with their views of the world, their knowledge about it, and their applied skill and expertise.
- Models also have a past, and they too do not come from nowhere or suddenly appear. As discussed, Prime2 is an element of a large and complex socio-technological system – part of an assemblage – which interconnects with & enables other constellations of assemblages. This model has a history, and has evolved, it is based on real things and how those things fit into the world, a model of it and them, and all of those things are understood, mapped and modelled in a cohesive reality, of ‘real’ objects, and these are socially constructed by real people, with their views of the world, their knowledge about it, and their applied skill and expertise.
- Models also have a past, and they too do not come from nowhere or suddenly appear. As discussed, Prime2 is an element of a large and complex socio-technological system – part of an assemblage – which interconnects with & enables other constellations of assemblages. This model has a history, and has evolved, it is based on real things and how those things fit into the world, a model of it and them, and all of those things are understood, mapped and modelled in a cohesive reality, of ‘real’ objects, and these are socially constructed by real people, with their views of the world, their knowledge about it, and their applied skill and expertise.
- Genealogies are a technique used to examine the related elements of socio-technological assemblages. The above is an early illustration of the genealogy of the Prime2 data model.
- As discussed at the beginning of this talk, data have social shaping qualities. The work between the OSi and the Programmable City Project, is an example of an empirical study to follow how taken for granted technologies, classifications, databases and data, which eventually normalize into routine work, whose roots eventually get forgotten, and eventually seem like natural things, infrastructure that have a technological momentum of their own, shape how the world is viewed, shape the world of work, shape the tools and techniques applied, shape the structure of an organization, and shape how an organization interconnects with others. Prime2 is augmenting space, will continue to augment Ireland. Models, it needs to be remembered are socially constructed by people. In this case a dedicated group of people at the OSi.
- As discussed at the beginning of this talk, data have social shaping qualities. The work between the OSi and the Programmable City Project, is an example of an empirical study to follow how taken for granted technologies, classifications, databases and data, which eventually normalize into routine work, whose roots eventually get forgotten, and eventually seem like natural things, infrastructure that have a technological momentum of their own, shape how the world is viewed, shape the world of work, shape the tools and techniques applied, shape the structure of an organization, and shape how an organization interconnects with others. Prime2 is augmenting space, will continue to augment Ireland. Models, it needs to be remembered are socially constructed by people. In this case a dedicated group of people at the OSi.
- As discussed at the beginning of this talk, data have social shaping qualities. The work between the OSi and the Programmable City Project, is an example of an empirical study to follow how taken for granted technologies, classifications, databases and data, which eventually normalize into routine work, whose roots eventually get forgotten, and eventually seem like natural things, infrastructure that have a technological momentum of their own, shape how the world is viewed, shape the world of work, shape the tools and techniques applied, shape the structure of an organization, and shape how an organization interconnects with others. Prime2 is augmenting space, will continue to augment Ireland. Models, it needs to be remembered are socially constructed by people. In this case a dedicated group of people at the OSi.
- Information about the Case Study between the OSi and the Programmable City Project but undertaken by Tracey Lauriault under the Directorship of Professor Rob Kitchin.
- Data collection and approaches include: Model creation, cartography, production, photogrammetry, map preservation, data re-engineering, budget, procurement and contracting, licencing and law, marketing, CTO, SDI managers, surveyors and gate keeper One full day interview with data modeling & data re-engineering team, including consultants & project managers As discussed in the data assemblage: contract, requirements, specifications, modeling descriptions, flow lines, budgets, org charts, strategy documents, working wiki, historical records, code, instruction manuals, guidebooks, photos of machinery, screen captures of systems Places in Dublin as understood in the old and the new model, and as seen or captured in the new and the old technological systems