GEOG8260.10, Eliminating chartjunk

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1 like•1,329 views

The document discusses eliminating unnecessary or distracting elements, known as "chartjunk", from data visualizations and graphs. It provides several examples of chartjunk such as 3D charts, unnecessary gridlines, and pie charts. Experts argue that visualizations should clearly show the data and relationships without extra elements that do not add information or distract the viewer. The key is focusing on the meaningful representation of data through techniques like minimizing ink usage and removing non-data elements.

Education

“ Above all else, show the data.
Edward Tu e
”

Source: Kouchoukos et al., The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994

“ You can't possibly communicate big data accurately

”
if you can't handle small data ﬁrst.

Naomi Robbins

“ [Piecharts] have no place in the world of grownups,
and occupy the same semiotic space as short pants,

”
a runny nose, and chocolate smeared on one’s face.
Coda Hale

Oil Hydro

Percentage of the USA’s power supply
Other

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

Bar charts are better,
but still can be tricky.

50

37.5
Percentage of the USA’s power supply

25

12.5

0

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

“ 3-D is a waste of a perfectly good dimension.

Roger Ebert
”

TURN A BORING BAR GRAPH
INTO A 3D MASTERPIECE!

Renewable water resources, by country
Brazil

Russia

Canada

USA

China

India

Columbia

Peru

Zaire

0 2,000 4,000 6,000
Source: Shiklomanov and Rodda, 2003
km3/y

Renewable water resources, by country
0
2,000
4,000
6,000 km3/y
Brazil

Russia

Canada

USA

China
India
Columbia
Peru
Zaire

Source: Shiklomanov and Rodda, 2003

Chartjunk refers to all visual elements in charts
and graphs that are not necessary to comprehend
the information represented on the graph,
or that distract the viewer from this information

“ Data-ink is the non-erasable core of a graphic,
the non-redundant ink arranged in response
to variation in the numbers represented.
Edward Tu e ”

Installed wind capacity in the United States
10000

9,403
Wind energy capacity (MW)

7500

5000

3,604
2500
2,798
1,849 1,810 1,758 1,557 1,274 1,244 1,203
0
as

a

a

n

ta

n

ois

ork

ado

ta
Iow

rni

gto

ego
eso

ko
Tex

Illin

wY

lor
lifo

Da
n

Or
nn
shi

Co
Ne
Ca

Mi

rth
Wa

No
State

Art of Scientiﬁc Presentations, March 31, 2011

Installed wind capacity (megawa s)
10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

0 Texas Iowa California Washington Minnesota Oregon Illinois New York Colorado North Dakota

Source: American Wind Energy Association

“ Dark grid lines are chartjunk. They carry no information,
clu er up the graphic, and generate graphic activity
unrelated to data information.
” Edward Tu e

“ Furthermore, of all methods for analyzing and communicating
statistical information, well-designed data graphics are usually

”
the simplest and at the same time the most powerful.

Edward Tu e

April 6
Prepare 5 slides that you intend to use in
your Pecha Kucha presentation, and bring them
to class for informal discussion.

April 6
Jeﬀrey Falk
Assistant Director, University News Service

April 20
Have dra versions of your Pecha Kucha
presentations ready to deliver in practice runs
(to an audience of one or two partners).

This document summarizes a study on valuing social media technologies for internal business activities. It provides an introduction to social media and its adoption in businesses. It then discusses using an organizational semiotics approach to analyze how social media tools could be used internally and the potential challenges of using social media for internal communication, collaboration, knowledge sharing and management. The aim is to understand stakeholders' perceptions of the benefits and shortcomings of social media for internal business activities and objectives.

Furn vet

rgater

Stop Making Pie Charts!

Open Data Manchester

Don’t let Excel’s default settings ruin your data analysis! Learn insights from research into visual perception and interpretation. Robin Gower will present some great ideas stolen from the likes of Edward Tufte, Leland Wilkinson, and Stephen Few. You don’t need to be a technical user to enjoy the talk but you should be prepared never to look at a pie chart quite the same way again! Robin is a freelance data engineer http://infonomics.ltd.uk/ and long-term mitherer at ODM

Avoiding Chartjunk

CesToronto

This document provides principles for effective visual presentation of data and findings. It discusses avoiding "chartjunk" and "slideuments" by focusing presentations on conveying the presenter's ideas through reinforcement with visual slides rather than distraction. Simple, succinct slides with big ideas, clear thoughts, and relief for the audience are advocated over wordy slides meant as teleprompters or documents. Questions from the audience are invited.

Data Visualisation Design Workshop #UXbne

Cam Taylor

The seasonality of moisture-sensitive tree-ring records

Scott St. George

The document discusses the seasonality of moisture-sensitive tree-ring records across North America. It finds that tree-ring records are more sensitive to winter precipitation and climate patterns in northern areas, while they are more sensitive to summer precipitation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in southern areas. Additionally, tree-ring analysis methods may overestimate correlations when applied to large datasets, so alternative statistical approaches are needed to accurately assess relationships to climate across the continent.

Why aren't Evaluators using Digital Media Analytics?

CesToronto

This document discusses how evaluators are not taking full advantage of digital media analytics to inform program evaluations. It outlines how social media and online data can provide insights into public perceptions, behaviors, and opinions. Specifically, digital analytics can help measure outcomes, gather hard to reach stakeholder views, establish baselines, and provide context. However, there are also challenges like misinformation and privacy concerns. The document argues digital analytics could strengthen evaluations by supplementing traditional methods and calls for further exploring opportunities for its use.

Colman McMahon, DIT School of Computing: Getting Started with Data Visualisation

Dublinked .

Graduating with a BA from UCD in 1995, Colman emigrated to America to pursue a career that combined creativity, commerce and computers. Heading west to California, Colman worked for 11 years in Hollywood's visual effects (VFX) industry. During this time he worked mainly at The Walt Disney Co. and also as a. In 2006, Colman returned home to Ireland to undertake a . A short time after the conclusion of the course, while starting up his own , Colman was invited back to DIT as a part-time lecturer. In 2011, Colman was offered a PhD Fellowship at modeling and simulating the relationship between innovation and profit. This full-time study is under the direction of Prof. Petra Ahrweiler, Director UCD Innovation Research Unit and Professor of Technology and Innovation Management, Smurfit School of Business. In 2012, Colman designed and delivered the first iteration of a new Visualisation module as part of DIT's . Details of Colman's research activities can be found at . -Dubinked- Drawing from a new module at DIT, Colman's presentation at Dublinked will be an introduction to the domain of visualisation and a demonstration of powerful yet "do-able" data visualisations. The ethos of the presentation is for people who have little or no visualisation experience but have an aptitude and appetite for using technical tools to surface meaning from data. The tools used will be R, R Studio and Inkscape.

A good talk can open the doors to new collaborations, increase your chances of funding success, and make it more likely other people will respond to your ideas. But scientific presentations are too often confusing, boring, and overstuffed. Here are some suggestions, based on our experience as speakers, audience members, and presentation trainers, that we hope will make your next conference talk or seminar more enjoyable, engaging and effective.

Ringing true: The scientific and societal relevance of dendrochronology at th...

Scott St. George

How long do trees remember?

Scott St. George

Much of what we know regarding variations in Earth's climate during the past millennium comes from tree rings. But tree rings, like other proxies, attenuate some climate signals but amplify others, and their fidelity at longer timescales is difficult to gage. Even though dendroclimatology is well-established, questions remain about the climate clues encoded in tree rings — particularly at decadal-to-centennial timescales.

Don’t call it a comeback: Studying ancient floods to prepare for future hazards

Scott St. George

How long do we need to watch a river before its behavior holds no more surprises? In this country, instrumental measurements of river stage and discharge stretch back a century or more, but this observed history still provides only a rough guide to the risks of future extreme floods. In this lecture, I’ll outline how paleoflood hydrology expands our perspective on river history by combining historical, botanical, and geological evidence of earlier (and ofttimes unknown) floods. And I’ll explain how we can interpret those physical clues left behind by ancient floods to improve hazard assessments for at-risk communities, support decisions about flood infrastructure, and investigate the long-term effects of climate or land-use changes on flooding. Because what has happened before can happen again, most everyone near a river would profit by keeping a longer memory of old floods.

Flood rings: Paleoflood evidence in tree-ring anatomy

Scott St. George

Historic accounts of extreme floods on the Red River of the North

Scott St. George

Disentangling the decadal ‘knot’ in high-resolution paleoclimatology

Scott St. George

Even after more than a century of coordinated monitoring, instrumental weather observations are still too short to adequately constrain decadal or multidecadal behavior in the Earth’s climate system. Leading climatologists and climate modelers have called for the wider application of high-resolution proxy records to decadal variability and prediction studies, and our community has responded by producing new paleoclimate products that specifically target this type of ‘intermediate-term’ behavior. But we now also know our medium changes that message: the biological and geological systems that encode climate information into natural archives often also alter the original ‘input’, usually due to either seasonal filtering or non-climatic persistence. In this talk, we’ll discuss some of the challenges inherent to the use of high-resolution proxies to study decadal or multi-decadal climate variability, and suggest strategies that might clarify how climate acts on those timescales. And we’ll also present a new theoretical framework that could help paleo-scientists evaluate competing ideas about the causes of decadal- or multi-decadal events known to have occurred during the past one or two millennia.

A new framework to test the origins of western American megadrought

Scott St. George

We know from tree rings and other natural drought records that the western United States has been affected by several 'megadroughts' during the past millennium. But are these exceptionally long-lasting droughts due to unusual external forcings, or are they inevitable given a sufficiently long period of time? Here we present a statistical model that combines sea surface temperature records and drought severity statistics from the western USA, and use that tool to set out an expectation for megadrought, given no other changes in the climate system. Even though this model was trained using only modern climate data (and incorporates no information from tree rings or other proxies), it still produced megadroughts. Moreover, those simulated megadroughts were just as long-lasting, covered as large an area, and were just as severe as real megadroughts estimated from tree rings. That result means that megadroughts can occur in the western United States even if nothing else changes in the climate -- they really are just a matter of time. On the other hand, the only aspect of real-world megadroughts that the model cannot duplicate was the high number of these events during the so-called Medieval Climate Anomaly (800 to 1300 CE). So that cluster of megadroughts may have been caused by some sort of unusual climate circumstances that have not been observed by us during the past few decades. The proxy record tells us that many different kinds of exceptional or unusual climate events happened in the past. But it is often difficult to determine what caused those exceptional events because even, within a period of a thousand years, we still have very few cases. So besides being an aid to understand the causes of past megadroughts, we hope this approach can be applied to other paleoclimate records to distinguish between real interrelations between separate components of the climate system and simple coincidences.

The need for new theory in global dendroclimatology

Scott St. George

This document summarizes an interdisciplinary tree-ring research conference. It discusses the need for new theory in dendroclimatology, presentations on temperature and river flow reconstructions from tree rings, and principles of tree ring research site selection and replication. It also questions how to evaluate rare signals in tree growth and climate relationships and where remote teleconnections may be most evident in tree rings.

The societal value of historical and paleoflood research in Manitoba, Canada

Scott St. George

1) Shared knowledge of past natural disasters has a major impact on preparation for future hazards. The document discusses the historical floods along the Red River in Manitoba, Canada. 2) Winnipeg built a large flood diversion channel in the 1960s after experiencing major floods, including in 1826 and 1950, to protect the city from future flooding of the Red River. 3) American communities like Grand Forks and Fargo were more vulnerable to Red River flooding until recently because they did not have the same long historical memory of floods that informed Winnipeg's early investment in flood protection infrastructure.

Solar ghosts: Weighing the evidence for sunspot cycles in fossil trees

Scott St. George

In their study of tree rings from the Chemnitz Fossil Forest (Germany), Luthardt and Rößler (2017) claim to identify a regular near-11-yr cyclicity in growth, and present that pattern as evidence of the influence of the Schwabe solar cycle (Usokin and Mursula, 2003) on climate and forest productivity during the early Permian. If correctly interpreted, these fossil tree rings would indicate the sunspot cycle was the dominant influence on interannual variability in Earth’s climate during this period and that it has been a consistent aspect of our Sun’s behavior for at least the past 300 m.y. We argue the fossil tree-ring record from Chemnitz does not constitute reliable evidence of solar activity during the Permian because the individual tree-ring sequences are not correctly aligned (dendrochronologically dated) and, as a result, the mean ring-width composite is not a meaningful estimate of year-to-year variations in tree growth in this ancient forest.

Long droughts: Using natural climate archives to gage the risks of future “me...

Scott St. George

In the Biblical story of Joseph, following seven years of abundance, the Kingdom of Egypt was confronted by seven years of drought and famine. In the parlance of modern climate science, intervals with several consecutive extremely dry years are described as ‘“megadroughts”. In this short talk, I’ll describe how climate scientists combine clues from natural weather archives (including corals, tree rings, lake sediments, and many other sources) to reveal the history of ancient megadroughts across our planet. And I’ll highlight new research that combines these surrogate drought records with simulations from state-of-the-art climate models to help us better anticipate the risks of unusually persistent droughts during the coming century.

Expecting the unexpected: The relevance of old floods to modern hydrology

Scott St. George

This document discusses the importance of understanding past floods to properly assess modern flood risks. It provides examples of paleoflood research along rivers like the Red River of the North, which uncovered major floods in 1826 and around 700 years ago that exceeded any floods measured by modern instrumentation. Understanding a river's full history through both recorded data and geological evidence of past floods is essential for floodplain management, development planning, and infrastructure design to mitigate future flood risks.

What to expect when you’re expecting decadal variability in hydroclimatic pro...

Scott St. George

Decadal variability in tree rings

Scott St. George

Strong variance at decadal and multidecadal timescales is a common feature of most tree-ring width records. But does this aspect of tree growth exhibit such long-memory behavior due to biology, climate, or some combination of the two factors? Understanding the origins of this behavior is crucial for efforts to evaluate the causes of decadal variability in the climate system. Presentation at Johann Gutenburg University (Mainz) on February 16, 2017.

Five Things You Can Do Right Now To Make Your Research Presentations Just A L...

Scott St. George

The ability to deliver effective and engaging oral presentations is a critical skill for all researchers. Unfortunately, despite the importance of clear communication, too many scientific presentations at conferences and workshops are confusing, abstract, and boring. In this short workshop, participants learn several key strategies and tips that will make their professional presentations just a little bit better than the rest. We discuss strategies for presentation planning, show how basic design principles can create more memorable slides, and point towards an outstanding set online tools and resources. Become a presentation superstar! Scott St. George is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, Environment and Society at the University of Minnesota and a Resident Fellow at UMN's Institute on the Environment. Prior to joining the faculty at Minnesota, he was a research scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada. Scott shares some of his experiences ‘doing presentations differently’ at conferences, outreach opportunities, and the classroom.

Trees as flood sensors

Scott St. George

In many settings, trees growing on floodplains provide an important source of indirect evidence that may be used to infer the occurrence, extent, and magnitude of floods prior to direct observations. That evidence may take several forms, including external scars caused by abrasion or impact from floating debris, anatomical changes within the annual growth increment following prolonged stem or root inundation, or tilting or uprooting due to the hydraulic pressure of floodwaters. Likely the most useful characteristic of paleoflood studies based on floodplain trees is their relatively high temporal resolution and dating accuracy compared to most other methods. Dendrochronological methods can routinely date past floods to the year of their occurrence and, in rare cases, can estimate the timing of floods that occur during the growing season to within two weeks. This high degree of chronological control, which is surpassed only by that provided by direct observation or instrumentation, can be used to determine whether floods in separate watersheds were synchronous or offset by several years and test hypotheses that suppose linkages between extreme floods and specific forcing mechanisms. Furthermore, the wide geographic distribution of tree species with dateable rings combined with the broad suite of methods available to examine interconnections between floods and tree growth allow this style of paleoflood hydrology to be applied to many settings that are not suitable for techniques that depend on geological evidence. Future paleoflood research involving tree rings will need to strike a balance between improving our understanding of the biological and fluvial processes that link tree growth to past events, and providing answers to questions about flood dynamics and hazards that are needed to safeguard people and property from future floods.

Expanding the window - the past, present, and future of Minnesota's water

Scott St. George

Nearly all decisions about water in Minnesota relate either directly or indirectly to data collected by the state’s hydrological observing network. Because most gauges were installed in early 20th century, as a whole the network provides us with roughly a 100-year ‘window’ to estimate flood risks, develop worst-case scenarios for drought, and set maximum allowable withdrawals for aquifers. But when we rely exclusively on observations made during this relatively brief interval, we may inadvertently increase our exposure to hydrological ‘surprises’. In order to make sound decisions about water in Minnesota, we need to expand this window: into the past, drawing upon historical accounts and natural archives; and into the future, via projections from climate and hydrological models. By cultivating a broader perspective on hydrological variability and extremes across the state, we will be better prepared to ensure adequate water supplies and mitigate the impacts of future floods and droughts.

Making Climate Data Sing

Scott St. George

These visuals were prepared to support a string quartet performance and panel on climate change at Northwestern University in February 2106. A well-designed graphic can help audiences to quickly understand the main message embedded within a complex set of climate data and to retain those ideas longer than they would have if they were conveyed by words alone. But the visual aids used regularly by climate scientists also have their limitations: they are most easily understood by people who are already fluent in technical illustrations; they're usually static and sometimes do not tell an obvious story; and for many, they don't elicit a strong emotional response. Music, by contrast, is inherently narrative and is known to exert a powerful influence on human emotions. Because of this, sonification — the transformation of data into acoustic signals — may have considerable promise as a tool to enhance the communication of climate science. Daniel Crawford and Scott St. George report on a collaboration between scientists and artists that uses music to transmit the evidence of climate change in an engaging and visceral way.

Large-scale dendrochronology and low-frequency climate variability

Scott St. George

Large-scale low-frequency variability has emerged as a priority for climate research, but instrumental observations are not long enough to characterize this behavior or gage its impacts on dependent geophysical or ecological systems. As the leading source of high-resolution paleoclimate information in the middle- and high-latitudes, tree rings are essential to understand low-frequency variability prior to the instrumental period. But even though tree rings possess several advantages as climate proxies, like other natural archives they also have their own particular impediments. In this lecture, Dr. St. George will describe the structure and characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere tree-ring width network, and outline how the fingerprint of decadal and multidecadal climate variability encoded within ancient trees varies across the hemisphere.

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GEOG8260.10, Eliminating chartjunk

1. ELIMINATING CHARTJUNK

3. “ Above all else, show the data. Edward Tu e ”

4. Photograph: Buzz Anderson

6. Source: Kouchoukos et al., The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994

8. “ You can't possibly communicate big data accurately ” if you can't handle small data ﬁrst. Naomi Robbins

9. Never, ever use pie charts.

10.

11. “ [Piecharts] have no place in the world of grownups, and occupy the same semiotic space as short pants, ” a runny nose, and chocolate smeared on one’s face. Coda Hale

12. Oil Hydro Percentage of the USA’s power supply Other Natural gas Coal Nuclear Source: U.S. Department of Energy

13. Bar charts are better, but still can be tricky.

14. 50 37.5 Percentage of the USA’s power supply 25 12.5 0 Source: U.S. Department of Energy

15. 3-D charts are irredeemably terrible.

16. “ 3-D is a waste of a perfectly good dimension. Roger Ebert ”

17. TURN A BORING BAR GRAPH INTO A 3D MASTERPIECE!

18. Renewable water resources, by country Brazil Russia Canada USA China India Columbia Peru Zaire 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 Source: Shiklomanov and Rodda, 2003 km3/y

19. Renewable water resources, by country 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 km3/y Brazil Russia Canada USA China India Columbia Peru Zaire Source: Shiklomanov and Rodda, 2003

20.

21. Chartjunk refers to all visual elements in charts and graphs that are not necessary to comprehend the information represented on the graph, or that distract the viewer from this information

22.

23.

24. data : ink

25. “ Data-ink is the non-erasable core of a graphic, the non-redundant ink arranged in response to variation in the numbers represented. Edward Tu e ”

26. Installed wind capacity in the United States 10000 9,403 Wind energy capacity (MW) 7500 5000 3,604 2500 2,798 1,849 1,810 1,758 1,557 1,274 1,244 1,203 0 as a a n ta n ois ork ado ta Iow rni gto ego eso ko Tex Illin wY lor lifo Da n Or nn shi Co Ne Ca Mi rth Wa No State Art of Scientiﬁc Presentations, March 31, 2011

27. Installed wind capacity (megawa s) 10,000 7,500 5,000 2,500 0 Texas Iowa California Washington Minnesota Oregon Illinois New York Colorado North Dakota Source: American Wind Energy Association

28. “ Dark grid lines are chartjunk. They carry no information, clu er up the graphic, and generate graphic activity unrelated to data information. ” Edward Tu e

29.

30.

31.

32.

33. “ Furthermore, of all methods for analyzing and communicating statistical information, well-designed data graphics are usually ” the simplest and at the same time the most powerful. Edward Tu e

34.

35.

36. April 6 Prepare 5 slides that you intend to use in your Pecha Kucha presentation, and bring them to class for informal discussion.

37. April 6 Jeﬀrey Falk Assistant Director, University News Service

38.

39. April 20 Have dra versions of your Pecha Kucha presentations ready to deliver in practice runs (to an audience of one or two partners).

GEOG8260.10, Eliminating chartjunk

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