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Genre Analysis – Theories and
Concepts
Chris Green
John Grierson
• He came up with the term ‘documentary’ in 1926.
• The purpose of documentaries is to document
something that has actually happened. The
footage can either be a reconstruction or literal
footage.
• A narrator’s voice can be used to anchor the
meaning of the documentary or rely on the
participants themselves with perhaps an
occasional interjection by the narrator.
• Documentaries are not just about facts, instead
facts can be used to create socially critical
arguments inviting the audience to draw their own
conclusions.
Features Of Documentaries
There are 5 central
elements of the
documentary according
to John Carner from the
University of Liverpool,
these are:
OBSERVATION
• This is a ‘fly on the wall’ type
documentary.
• This puts the audience in a role of
eyewitness where the camera appears to
be unseen.
• Indirect address to the audience i.e.
Speech overheard is a common factor of
this en-scene observation.
INTERVIEW:
• Interviews are used in television
documentaries to make a contrast between
observation sequences and are structured in 2
ways:
• either intercut fragments of observation
• or a completely uninterrupted sequence.
DRAMATISATION:
• Even though all documentaries use a sense of
drama.
• It is specifically used to portray people and
events the film maker cannot gain access to in
real life.
• These sequences are said to be based on fact.
Mise En Scene
• Literally what the directors and producers put
into the frame.
• For example:
• Lighting and props in interviews.
Exposition
• Simply means the line of argument in a
documentary which is what the documentary
is saying. Sequences that lead the audience to
make their own conclusions.

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Genre analysis – theories and

  • 1. Genre Analysis – Theories and Concepts Chris Green
  • 2. John Grierson • He came up with the term ‘documentary’ in 1926. • The purpose of documentaries is to document something that has actually happened. The footage can either be a reconstruction or literal footage. • A narrator’s voice can be used to anchor the meaning of the documentary or rely on the participants themselves with perhaps an occasional interjection by the narrator. • Documentaries are not just about facts, instead facts can be used to create socially critical arguments inviting the audience to draw their own conclusions.
  • 3. Features Of Documentaries There are 5 central elements of the documentary according to John Carner from the University of Liverpool, these are:
  • 4. OBSERVATION • This is a ‘fly on the wall’ type documentary. • This puts the audience in a role of eyewitness where the camera appears to be unseen. • Indirect address to the audience i.e. Speech overheard is a common factor of this en-scene observation.
  • 5. INTERVIEW: • Interviews are used in television documentaries to make a contrast between observation sequences and are structured in 2 ways: • either intercut fragments of observation • or a completely uninterrupted sequence.
  • 6. DRAMATISATION: • Even though all documentaries use a sense of drama. • It is specifically used to portray people and events the film maker cannot gain access to in real life. • These sequences are said to be based on fact.
  • 7. Mise En Scene • Literally what the directors and producers put into the frame. • For example: • Lighting and props in interviews.
  • 8. Exposition • Simply means the line of argument in a documentary which is what the documentary is saying. Sequences that lead the audience to make their own conclusions.