It's about genetic engineering it's history and elements

1. DNA in Genetic Engineering
• • DNA is the genetic blueprint of life.
• • In genetic engineering, DNA is modified or
inserted into organisms.
• Example: Inserting human insulin gene into
bacteria to produce insulin.

2. Restriction Enzymes
• • Also known as molecular scissors.
• • Cut DNA at specific sequences.
• Example: EcoRI cuts DNA at GAATTC.
• • Used to isolate or remove specific genes.

3. DNA Ligases
• • Act like molecular glue.
• • Join DNA fragments together by forming
bonds.
• Example: Ligase joins a human gene into a
bacterial plasmid.
• • Essential for forming recombinant DNA.

4. Transgenic Organisms
• • Organisms with genes from another species.
• Example: Bt corn has a gene from a bacterium
to resist pests.
• • Used in agriculture, research, and medicine.

5. Gene Therapy
• • Technique to treat or cure genetic disorders.
• • Healthy genes are inserted into patient cells.
• Example: Using a virus vector to deliver a
functional gene in cystic fibrosis patients.
• • Still under research but has promising
results.

6. Conclusion
• • Genetic engineering involves manipulating
DNA using various tools.
• • Restriction enzymes and ligases are essential
for gene editing.
• • Applications include transgenic organisms
and gene therapy for disease treatment.