Genetic manipulation in pest management involves mass rearing target insect species males, sterilizing them using radiation or chemicals, and releasing large numbers to reduce successful mating in the wild population. Biological control uses living natural enemies like parasites, pathogens, and predators to control pests by manipulating antagonistic organisms to reduce animal or plant pest populations to non-economically important levels through natural associations that are dynamic and subject to environmental changes and adaptations of the organisms involved.

1. Genetic Manipulation in Pest
Management
• 3 Sterile insect technique / release method
• Mass rearing of the target insect species (males)
• Sterilizing the insects with ionizing radiation or
chemosterilants.
• Releasing in numbers large enough to reduce
the probability of successful matings in the wild
population.

2. Biological control
• a manifestation of the natural associations of
different kinds of living organisms: parasite and
pathogens with their hosts, predators with their
prey
• dynamic: subject to disturbances by various factors
• subject to changes in the environment
• subject to the adaptations, properties and limitations of
the organisms involved

3. Biological Control
• The use of living natural enemies to control
pests
• The active manipulation of antagonistic
organisms to reduce pest population
densities, either animal or plant, to
noneconomically important levels.