In this presentation we introduce the Generalized Virtual Networking (GVN) concept. GVN provides a framework to influence the routing of packets based on service level information that is carried in the packets. It is based on a protocol header inserted between the Network and Transport layers, therefore it can be seen as a layer 3.5 solution. Technically, GVN is proposed as a new transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. An IP router that is not GVN capable will simply process the IP destination address as usual. Similar concepts have been proposed in other works, and referred to as Service Oriented Networking, Service Centric Networking, Application Delivery Networking, but they are now generalized in the proposed GVN framework. In this respect, the GVN header is a generic container that can be adapted to serve the needs of arbitrary service level routing solutions. The GVN header can be managed by GVN capable end-hosts and applications or can be pushed/popped at the edge of a GVN capable network (like a VLAN tag). In this position paper, we show that Generalized Virtual Networking is a powerful enabler for SCN (Service Centric Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) and how it couples with the SDN (Software Defined Networking) paradigm.

1. Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and
Network Function Virtualization
Stefano Salsano(1), Nicola Blefari-Melazzi(1), Francesco Lo Presti(1),
Giuseppe Siracusano(1), Pier Luigi Ventre(2)
(1) Univ. of Rome Tor Vergata, (2) Consortium GARR
stefano.salsano@uniroma2.it

2. A position paper…
2
 Introduce Generic Virtual Networking (GVN)
 GVN : a concept and a framework
 Influence the routing of (IP) packets based on service
level information that is carried in the packets
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

3. Outline
3
1. Rationale and state of the art
2. Generalized Virtual Networking (GVN)
3. GVN details & deployment scenarios
4. GVN as universal enabler
5. GVN, NFV and SDN
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

4. Rationale for the work (1/2)
4
 A more and more pervasive cloud computing
environment, end-user mobility, service mobility…
 Service-Centric / Service-Oriented Networking:
 services should be accessed independently from the
IP network address (and transport port) of the
service nodes
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

5. Rationale for the work (2/2)
5
 The IP layer does not offer too much room for
innovation
 Several “clean slate” approaches have been proposed
to re-design the Network Level (…no success so far)
 On the other hand, Overlay Networking (CDNs…) and
Cross-Layer Networking (NATs, Firewall, Layer-7
balancers) are the norm
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

6. GVN basics
6
 GVN is based on a protocol header inserted between
the Network and Transport layers
 It can be defined as a “layer 3.5” solution
 Backward compatibility: legacy nodes which do not
know GVN simply forward using IP or layer 2 info
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

7. Existing work (GVN roots…)
7
 Service Centric Networking (Serval)
 Service Oriented Networking (FUSION)
 Application Delivery Networking (OpenADN)
 Information Centric Networking in general
GVN:
• a generalization of the above proposals
• a framework that can support all of them
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

8. State of the art: FUSION
8
 The the EU project FUSION has developed the
concept of Service Oriented Networking
 Networked software functions are dynamically
deployed, replicated and invoked, as is proposed for
static content in Information Centric Networking
 Services are identified by a serviceID
 An overlay routing solution is proposed
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

9. State of the art: Serval
9
 For “… current online services, running on multiple
servers in different locations and serving clients that
are often mobile and multi-homed…”
 a Service Access Layer (SAL) sits above unmodified IP
and enables applications to communicate directly on
service names using serviceIDs
 The Serval protocol header is introduced between the
IP and the transport layer headers
 The socket abstraction between applications and
transport/network layers is redefined by Serval
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

10. State of the art: OpenADN (1/2)
10
 “The service-centric delivery semantics of modern
Internet-scale applications and services does not fit
naturally into the Internet’s host-centric design”
 OpenADN provides a general architectural support for
service-centric Internet, with an application-neutral,
standardized, session-layer overlay over IP
 Two new layers in the protocol stack:
1. between the network and the transport layer
2. on top of the transport layer, offering the API
towards the applications
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

11. State of the art: OpenADN (2/2)
11
 A layer 3.5 header in introduced between the IP
header and the transport headers.
 The OpenADN data plane implements an MPLS
inspired label switching and stacking mechanism
called APLS (APplication Label Switching)
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

12. State of the art: ICN
12
 Information Centric Networking (ICN) concept: a
paradigm shift from host-to-host communication
model to a model that focuses on information objects
 If implemented in IP, ICN info can be carried:
 within UDP or TCP (overlay approach)
 as a new transport protocol
 extending the IP layer
 A general framework could be helpful…
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

13. Two successful technologies
13
 VLANs and MPLS !
 An additional header can be inserted in a pre-existing
packet when needed and then removed
 Commonly referred to as “tagging” and “un-tagging”
(e.g. VLAN tagging)
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

14. GVN 3.5 Header
Ethernet VLAN IP TCP/UDP Application
Ethernet VLAN IP 3.5 GVN TCP/UDP Application
Service Identification,
Name Based information, …
Generalized Virtual Networking: 14
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

15. How to make GVN generic?
15
 We want a common framework, and a potentially
unlimited set of different “Processing Logic”
(GVN-PLs)
 Serval, OpenADN, the different ICN proposals can be
seen as “GVN-Processing Logics” on top of the
common GVN framework
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

16. GVN Header format
Generalized Virtual Networking: 16
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization
GVN
length
Next Hdr
GVN Code
(identifies a specific GVN-PL,
GVN-Processing Logic)
Processing Logic -Specific Header Data
(optional and variable length)
Flags

17. Open to innovation
17
 If a node does not understand GVN,
it operates at IP or layer 2 level
 If a node understands GVN, but does not understand
the GVN code (e.g. the GVN processing logic) again it
operates at IP or layer 2 level
 If a node understands GVN and the GVN code, it will
operate according to the specific GVN Processing Logic
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

18. End Nodes GVN scenario
IP IP IP
Generalized Virtual Networking: 18
PPLLss
PLs
GVN
IP
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization
GVN
End Node
GVN Node
GVN
End Node
Legacy
IP router
IP
Legacy
IP router
PPLLss
GVN
IP
PLs
GVN Node
PPLLss
GVN
PLs
IP
Legacy
IP router
PPLLss
GVN
PLs

19. Edge Nodes GVN scenario
IP IP IP
Generalized Virtual Networking: 19
PPLLss
PLs
GVN
IP
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization
Legacy
End Node
GVN
Edge Node
PPLLss
GVN
IP
PLs
GVN
Edge Node
Legacy
End Node
Legacy
IP router
IP
Legacy
IP router
PPLLss
GVN
IP
PLs
GVN Node
GVN enabled
domain

20. GVN as universal enabler
Mapping of Serval into GVN protocol header
Mapping of OpenADN into GVN protocol header
EntityID
Generalized Virtual Networking: 20
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization
GVN
length
Next Hdr Flags GVN code assigned to Serval
Source
Flow ID
Dest
Flow ID
Transport
Protocol
Flags
Seq
No
Ack
No
Nonce ServiceID
Serval Service Access Serval Service Access Extension
GVN
length
Next Hdr Flags GVN code assigned to OpenADN
Flag Bits
Segment ID,
Stream ID
Handoff
Locator
OpenADN APLS 3.5 Label

21. GVN and NFV
21
 The Network Function Virtualization (NFV) concept
virtualizes the network functions in building blocks
that can be executed in distributed environments
(e.g. data centers) and that can be chained
 Routing of packets through the chain needs to be
controlled by NFV service logic
 A Network Service Header (NSH) to control the
routing has been recently proposed… that would
perfectly fit into the GVN framework 
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

22. GVN and SDN
22
 A Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach can
be used to control a GVN enabled network
 Forwarding rules based would be based on the GVN
header
 It does not come for free… current SDN enabled
nodes and OpenFlow protocol are not GVN capable!
 Our position is that a structured approach like GVN
will ease the introduction of SDN in Service Centric
Networking solutions
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

23. Next steps
18
 Implementation…
 Standardization…
… quite a long way to go,
but we look for travel buddies 
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

24. Thank you! (questions)
19 Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

25. DREAMER Project
http://netgroup.uniroma2.it/DREAMER
25
Distributed REsilient sdn Architecture
MEeting carrier grade Requirements
 Partners:
The DREAMER Project is one of the beneficiary projects of the GÉANT Open
Call research initiative running from October 2013 to March 2015, see
www.geant.net
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization

26. 19
UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA
Department of Electronics Engineering
Via del Politecnico, 1 - 00133 Rome - Italy
Stefano Salsano, Ph. D.
Assistant professor
e-mail: stefano.salsano@uniroma2.it
http://netgroup.uniroma2.it/Stefano_Salsano
Phone: +39 06 7259 7770
Fax: +39 06 7259 7435
Generalized Virtual Networking:
an enabler for Service Centric Networking and Network Function Virtualization