General Construction Safety Training.ppt

Course Objectives
Upon completion of the training, participants will able to:-
Di akhir sesi, peserta mampu untuk:
To prepare with the knowledge to company personnel to able to
understand general safety activities with effectively during
working.
Explain the legal requirements related to general
construction safety
Understand what is requirement when working in the
construction area.
Explain duty as employers or employees.
Know how to wear suitable PPE
Explain the load securing and transportation safety.
2

3
In
case
of
EMERGENCY
Please use nearest exit to the
assembly area
Please do not run
Please do not use the elevator
Use the nearest staircase
Safety Briefing

4
NAME : Razak Bin Majid
POSITION : Trainer
EDUCATION : Executive Master SHE from UNISEL
H/P : 019-4944324
Competency:
SHO Registered Person (8408)
Train The Trainer (NIOSH & HRDF)
ISO 45001-2018 Lead Auditor
Authorize Gas Tester (DOSH)
Scaffolder (DOSH)
Traffic Management Supervisor
Lifting Supervisor
Trained Ergonomic
Trainer Profile

Facilities
Tandas/Bilik Air
Surau
Tempat Makan/Cafeteria
Kawasan Merokok/Smoking Area
Reminder
Silence hand-phone during training session
Perkara Penting

Objektif
Di akhir sesi, peserta mampu untuk:
To prepare with the knowledge to company personnel to able
to handle lifting activities with effectively during working.
Upon completion of the training, participants will able to:-
i. Explain the legal requirements related to lifting operation.
ii. Practice as rigger and signaler.
iii. Explain the load securing and transportation safety.

Perundangan
Akta Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994
Akta Kilang Dan Jentera 1967
Akta 520 (CIDB)

Akta Keselamatan
Dan Kesihatan
Pekerjaan, 1994
Seksyen 15 (1)
Tanggungjawab Am
Majikan
memastikan setakat yang praktik keselamatan,
kesihatan dan kebajikan semasa bekerja semua
pekerjanya.

AKTA KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN 1994
Objects of the Act /Tujuan OSHA .
•To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work /Menjamin
keselamatan,kesihatan dan kebajikan Pekerja
•To protect persons at a place of work other than persons at work against
risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work/
Melindungi orang-orang lain selain daripada pekerja terhadap risiko
keselamatan dan kesihatan
•To promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is
adapted to their physiological and psychological needs./ Mengalakkan
persekitaran pekerjaan bersesuaian dengan keperluan fisiologi dan psikologi
•To provide the means whereby the associated occupational safety and
health legislations may be progressively replaced by a system of regulations
and approved industry codes of practice/ Mengekalkan atau memperbaiki
piawaian keselamatan dan kesihatan dengan pengadaan peraturan dan tata
amalan Industri.

AKTA KESELAMATAN DAN
KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN 1994
Sec 15:General duties of employers and self-employed persons to their employees./
Seksyen 15 Akta Keselamatan & Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994.
(1) It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to ensure, so
far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his
employees/Memastikan keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan semua pekerjanya.
Question
1) What means so far as is practicable / Apakah yang dimaksud setakat yang pratik?

“practicable” means practicable having regard to/ "boleh dipraktikkan" ertinya boleh dipraktikkan
dengan mengambil kira
(a) the severity of the hazard or risk in question/teruknya bahaya atau risiko yang terlibat
(b) the state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or mitigating the
hazard or risk/keadaan pengetahuan mengenai bahaya atau risiko itu dan apa-apa cara untuk
menghapuskan atau mengurangkan bahaya atau risiko itu.
(c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk/ada tidaknya dan
kesesuaian cara untuk menghapuskan atau mengurangkan bahaya dan risiko tersebut.
(d) the cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk/kos untuk menghapuskan atau
mengurangkan bahaya atau risiko itu

Sek 15 (2) It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to
ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his
employees/Adalah menjadi kewajipan tiap-tiap majikan dan tiap-tiap orang yang bekerja
sendiri untuk memastikan, setakat yang praktik, keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan
semasa bekerja semua pekerjanya.
a)The provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are, so far as is
practicable, safe and without risks to health/pengadaan dan penyenggaraan loji dan
sistem kerja yang, setakat yang praktik, selamat dan tanpa risiko kepada kesihatan ;
- Providing SOP/OPL (Standard Operating Procedure/ONE POINT LESSON)
- Work instruction
- Manual
- Form & Checklist
- Golden Rules

b)The making of arrangements for ensuring, so far as is practicable, safety and absence of
risks to health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and transport of
plant and substances. Pembuatan perkiraan bagi menjamin, setakat yang praktik,
keselamatan dan ketiadaan risiko kepada kesihatan berkaitan dengan penggunaan atau
pengendalian, penanganan, penyimpanan dan pengangkutan loji dan bahan
-Risk Assessment
-Determine the control measure
-Identified the exiting control measure
-Verified the implementation at first and second level management

semasa bekerja semua pekerjanya
C)The provision of such information, instruction training and supervision as is necessary to
ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety and health at work of his employees/ pengadaan
maklumat, arahan, latihan dan penyeliaan sebagaimana yang perlu untuk memastikan
setakat yang praktik, keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjanya yang sedang bekerja.
-Training requirement, TNA (Training need analysis), training matrix
-Instruction clearly understood by employee ?
-Supervision .. Daily??. Hourly??. Weekly? Once a while ?
-Communication series, tool box , UC UA , Site inspection

Sek 15 (2) It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to ensure, so
far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees/Adalah menjadi
kewajipan tiap-tiap majikan dan tiap-tiap orang yang bekerja sendiri untuk memastikan, setakat
yang praktik, keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan semasa bekerja semua pekerjanya
D)so far as is practicable, as regards any place of work under the control of the employer or self-
employed person, the maintenance of it in a condition that is safe and without risks to health
and the provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it that are safe
and without such risks/setakat yang praktik, berkenaan dengan mana-mana tempat kerja di
bawah kawalan majikan atau orang yang bekerja sendiri, penyenggaraannya dalam keadaan
yang selamat dan tanpa risiko kepada kesihatan dan pengadaan dan penyenggaraan cara masuk
ke dalamnya dan keluar darinya yang selamat dan tanpa risiko sedemikian
- Exit Door
- Entrance remark identified
- Assembly point
- Escape route
- Designated area

e)The provision and maintenance of a working environment for his employees that is, so far
as is practicable, safe, without risks to health, and adequate as regards facilities for their
welfare at work/Pengadaan dan penyenggaraan persekitaran pekerjaan bagi pekerja-
pekerjanya yang, setakat yang praktik, selamat, tanpa risiko kepada kesihatan, dan
memadai berkenaan dengan kemudahan bagi kebajikan mereka yang sedang bekerja.
-Facilities (drinking water, cooling station, rest area, toilet, first aid, fire prevention,
Emergency facilities)
-Space
-PPE

PENALTI/PENALTY
DENDA TIDAK MELEBIHI RM50,000
atau
PENJARA TIDAK MELEBIHI DUA (2) TAHUN
atau
KEDUA-DUANYA SEKALI
FINE NOT EXCEEDING FIFTY THOUSAND RINGGIT OR
TO IMPRISONMENT FOR
A TERM NOT EXCEEDING TWO YEARS OR TO BOTH.

Sec 24 General duties of employees at work./ Sek 24:Kewajipan am pekerja yang sedang
bekerja.
(1) It shall be the duty of every employee while at work/Adalah menjadi kewajipan tiap-
tiap pekerja yang sedang bekerja:
(a)to take reasonable care for the safety and health of himself and of other persons who
may be affected by his acts or omissions at work/untuk memberikan perhatian yang
munasabah bagi keselamatan dan kesihatan dirinya dan orang lain yang mungkin terjejas
oleh tindakan atau peninggalannya semasa bekerja
-Not blocking emergency door
-Not parking forklift at prohibited area
-Make a modification without get approval
-Create risk to other

bekerja.
(b) to co-operate with his employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty or
requirement imposed on the employer or that other person by this Act or any regulation
made there under/untuk bekerjasama dengan majikannya atau mana-mana orang lain
dalam menunaikan apa-apa kewajipan atau kehendak yang dikenakan ke atas majikan atau
orang lain itu melalui Akta ini atau mana-mana peraturan yang dibuat di bawahnya
-Attend program
-Give cooperation during audit and inspection
-Give feedback when ask by employer

bekerja.
(c) to wear or use at all times any protective equipment or clothing provided by the
employer for the purpose of preventing risks to his safety and health./untuk memakai
atau menggunakan pada sepanjang masa apa-apa kelengkapan atau pakaian perlindungan
yang diadakan oleh majikan bagi maksud mengegah apa-apa risiko kepada keselamatan
dan kesihatannya.
-Comply on PPE requirement
-Change if not in good condition
-Ask if not sure
-For forklift minimum safety helmet and safety shoe required .

bekerja.
(d) to comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health instituted
by his employer or any other person by or under this Act or any regulation made there
under/untuk mematuhi apa-apa arahan atau langkah tentang keselamatan dan kesihatan
pekerjaan yang diperkenalkan oleh majikannya atau mana-mana orang lain melalui atau di
bawah Akta ini atau mana-mana peraturan yang dibuat di bawahnya.
-Guideline
-ICOP
-Order

bekerja
(2) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence
and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not-exceeding one thousand ringgit or to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both./ Seseorang yang
melanggar peruntukan seksyen ini adalah melakukan suatu kesalahan dan, apabila
disabitkan, boleh didenda tidak melebihi satu ribu ringgit atau dipenjarakan selama
tempoh tidak melebihi tiga bulan atau kedua-duanya

What Is HAZARD?
A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of
human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the
environment or a combination of these or
Something that could potentially cause harm.
What Is RISK?
Risk: the degree of likelihood and severity that harm will be
caused.
Apakah itu HAZARD?
Sumber atau situasi yang berpotensi membahayakan dari segi kecederaan manusia
atau keuzuran, kerosakan harta benda, kerosakan kepada alam sekitar atau
gabungan ini atau Sesuatu yang berpotensi menyebabkan kemudaratan.
Apakah RISIKO? .
Risiko: tahap kebarangkalian dan keterukan bahaya yang akan timbul.
24

What Is Accident?
An occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned
occurrence arising out of or in connection with work, which
results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury,
disease or death.
Apakah Kemalangan?
Kemalangan pekerjaan ialah kejadian yang tidak dijangka
dan tidak dirancang yang timbul daripada atau berkaitan
dengan kerja, yang mengakibatkan seorang atau lebih
pekerja mengalami kecederaan peribadi, penyakit atau
kematian.
25

What Is JSA?
A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps
integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices
into a particular task or job operation.
In a JSA, each basic step of the job is to identify potential
hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job.
26
Apakah JSA?
Analisis keselamatan kerja (JSA) ialah prosedur yang membantu
menyepadukan prinsip dan amalan keselamatan dan kesihatan yang
diterima ke dalam tugas atau operasi kerja tertentu.
Dalam JSA, setiap langkah asas kerja adalah untuk mengenal pasti
potensi bahaya dan mengesyorkan cara paling selamat untuk melakukan
kerja.

Major hazards of construction
Falls
Electrocution
Being struck by falling objects
Trapped during excavation
What wrong with these pictures?

Hazard signs
Your workplace has signs to remind you to
be careful.
What does this sign
mean?

Hazard signs
What does this sign
mean?

Understand what is requirement when
working in the construction area.

SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Every employee should be trained to understand safety requirements in workplace .
No employee should be given new assignment without proper explanation of
hazards with his fellow employees.
Adequate fire fighting equipment's should be provided at crucial locations.
Setiap pekerja harus dilatih untuk memahami keperluan keselamatan di
tempat kerja.
Tiada pekerja harus diberi tugasan baru tanpa penjelasan yang betul
tentang bahaya dengan rakan sekerjanya.
Peralatan memadam kebakaran yang mencukupi harus disediakan di
lokasi yang penting.

First aiders and first aid kits that need to be held to provide initial treatment to
injured people before being taken to a treatment center.
Any workers under influence of intoxicating beverage should not be permitted.
First aider and peti pertolongan cemas yang mencukupi hendaklah
diadakan untuk memberi rawatan awal pada orang yang cedera
sebelum di bawa ke pusat rawatan.
Mana-mana pekerja di bawah pengaruh minuman yang memabukkan
tidak boleh dibenarkan.

Employees working around moving machinery should not be
permitted to wear loose garments, torn.
Employees must use standard protection equipment for each job.
All materials in bags, containers or bundles stored in tries should be
stacked, blocked and interlocked and limited in height so that it is
stable and secure against sliding or collapse.
Pekerja yang bekerja di sekitar jentera bergerak tidak boleh dibenarkan memakai
pakaian longgar, koyak.
Pekerja mesti menggunakan peralatan perlindungan standard untuk setiap
pekerjaan.
Semua bahan dalam beg, bekas atau berkas yang disimpan hendaklah disusun,
disekat dan berkunci serta dihadkan ketinggiannya supaya ia stabil dan selamat
daripada gelongsor atau runtuh.

Adequate ventilation should be provided at working place.
No person should be allowed to enter the wearing space
if there is poisonous atmosphere without wearing suitable
breathing apparatus and equipping with a life line.
Pengudaraan yang mencukupi hendaklah disediakan di tempat kerja.
Tiada sesiapa pun boleh dibenarkan memasuki ruang memakai jika
terdapat suasana beracun tanpa memakai alat pernafasan yang
sesuai dan dilengkapi dengan talian hayat.

To prevent drowning on sites adjacent to water suitable
rescue equipment should be provided.
Workers employed on mixing asphaltic materials and
stone breakers should be provided with protective foot
wear.
Untuk mengelakkan lemas di tapak bersebelahan dengan air
peralatan menyelamat yang sesuai perlu disediakan.
Pekerja yang bekerja untuk mencampurkan bahan asfaltik dan
pemecah batu hendaklah dibekalkan dengan memakai pelindung
kaki.

Source of Photos: OSHA
PPE Requires worker to wear something
• Examples

Personal Protective Equipment
To keep you safe at work you must wear safety
equipment.

HeadProtection
Hard hats must be worn in areas around or where there is
a potential for falling objects.
Hard hats must also be worn where there are low-hanging
obstructions.
Helmets designed to reduce electrical shock hazards must
be worn when your head is exposed to electricity
Some tasks require both head & face protection.

Eye and face protection:
Sourceof images: OSHA

Eye and face protection must be provided whenever
necessary to protect against chemical,
environmental, radiological or mechanical irritants
and hazards in the workplace, such as dirt dust and
sparking.
Perlindungan mata dan muka mesti disediakan apabila
perlu untuk melindungi daripada bahan kimia, alam
sekitar, radiologi atau mekanikal perengsa dan
bahaya di tempat kerja, seperti habuk kotoran dan
percikan api.
42
When would you wear these?

TYPE OF HEARING PROTECTION
• Required when employees are in areas where there is exposure
to excessive noise levels (8 hour TWA > 85 dbA)
• Recommended for use in high noise areas and operations
• Must have appropriate NR
• Diperlukan apabila pekerja berada di kawasan yang terdedah
kepada tahap hingar yang berlebihan (8 jam TWA > 85 dbA)
• Disyorkan untuk digunakan di kawasan bunyi bising dan
kawasan operasi
• Mesti mempunyai NR yang sesuai.

Sourceof photos:
OSHA
• Types of respirators
Air-Purifying (APR) – remove contaminants from air
•Particulate respirators
•Chemical cartridge/ gas mask respirator
•Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)
Types of PPE
Jenis alat pernafasan
Pembersihan Udara (APR) – membuang bahan cemar dari udara
Alat pernafasan zarah
Respirator kartrij kimia/ topeng gas
Respirator Penulen Udara Berkuasa (PAPR)

Types of PPE
Body protection – Protective clothing:
Source of photos: OSHA

TypeOfHandProtection
Gloves
Metal mesh gloves
resist sharp edges and prevent cuts
Leather gloves
shield your hands from rough surfaces
Vinyl and neoprene gloves
protect your hands against toxic chemicals
Rubber gloves
protect you when working around electricity

Foot Protection
Types of Foot PPE
Safety Shoes and Boots
Steel toe footwear
protects your toes from falling objects and from being
crushed
Metatarsal footwear
special guards that run from your ankle to your toes
and protect your entire foot
Reinforced sole footwear
metal reinforcement that protects your foot from
punctures
Latex/Rubber footwear
resists chemicals and provides extra traction on
slippery surfaces

Is this person wearing
the right safety
equipment?

Knowing about the
safety signs

What should you do when you see
this sign?
Wear safety glasses

Wear ear muffs or ear plugs.
this sign?

Wear safety gloves.
this sign?

Accident Prevention
How to Prevent Construction Accidents: 10 Site Safety
Rules
Wear PPE at All Times. ...
Enforce Breaks. ...
Feature Clear Safety Signage. ...
Maintain Construction Equipment. ...
Hold Regular Safety Meetings. ...
Perform Safety Inspections. ...
Train Your Team. ...
Protect Workers' Mental Health.
57

There are three aspects to the
prevention of accidents at work.
•The creation of a safe place of work.
•The development and operation of safe working practices.
•Ensuring the personal safety of all employees.
58

Safety precaution during working at height
Ensure equipment is suitable, stable and strong enough for
the job, maintained and checked regularly; take
precautions when working on or near fragile surfaces;
provide protection from falling objects; consider emergency
evacuation and rescue procedures.
60

What are the precautions one can take
to stop falling from height?
Preventing a fall can be achieved by double guard rails,
floor coverings, safety harnesses coupled to lanyards
that prevent workers from reaching unprotected edges
(fall restraint), etc… The addition of a toe board prevents
objects falling from the working platform onto workers below.
61

Introduce Basic Concepts and
Techniques of Machine Safeguarding.
Prevent contact: The safeguard must prevent hands,
arms, and any other part of a worker's body from
making contact with dangerous moving parts. A good
safeguarding system eliminates the possibility of the
operator or another worker placing parts of their bodies
near hazardous moving parts. secured to the machine.
62

What are basic machine safeguards?
These can be presence-sensing devices, pullback or restraint
straps, safety trip controls, two-hand controls, or gates.
Automated Feeding and Ejection Mechanisms – These eliminate the
operator's exposure to the point of operation while handling stock
(materials).
63

What Is HAZARD?
What Is RISK?
What Is Accident?
What Is JSA?
64
QUIZ

Hazards -Example
Construction Project-
What if workers have to access drains? Are drains a possible confined space?
What about the power lines? Will equipment be operating near power lines?
What about worker/public injury from traffic accidents? Do trucks have enough
turning space? Is there signage/barriers to re-direct pedestrians?
Will construction vehicles have enough shoulder space to stop on road
What if worker attempts to manually pick up drain covers? Are they
lightweight? Do they have handles?
65

Hierarchy of Controls
66
Ref: Peterson JE , 1973. Principles for controlling the occupational environment. The industrial
environment—its evaluation and control. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, DHHS (NIOSH), p 117.

ANALISA KERJA SELAMAT (JSA)
Aktiviti: Kerja mengangkat (lifting
operation) – guna kren bergerak
(mobile crane)
67

Floor Openings/Open-Sided
Floors
71
Consider imbedded steel plates that
can be used for temporary guardrails
and later used for permanent wall
systems.
So that this does not happen

Falls Through Roof Surface
72
Consider adding a safe
catwalk to your plans so that
workers and future
maintenance personnel with
have a structurally sound
and safe surface to walk on
when on the roof.

Falls from Open Sided Floors
Specifying holes in
columns at 42 inches
plus or minus 3 inches
and 21 inches above
each floor slab make it
easy to install cable or
wire perimeter cables.
73

1926.52 Noise Exposure
Specify quiet equipment such as pumps,
generators, and compressors that don’t
require hearing protection when working
around them.
74

1926.52 Noise Exposure
75
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS:
 Design cast crack inducers in concrete to avoid the
need to saw cut joints
 Design cast-in anchors instead of drill and fix
 Avoid vibro compacting
 Detail mesh reinforcement to suit bay sizes, rather
than cutting to fit on site
 Specify non standard blocks to be cut off site under
controlled conditions

Excavations
76
Design underground utilities
to be placed using
trenchless technology

1926.652 Excavations
Why take the
chance of a
trench collapse?
77

Course Summary
During this session, you have been introduced to:
Factors which contribute to construction injuries and
fatalities
How to analyze work sites for hazards
Hierarchy of controls for construction hazards
Methodology and examples of how appropriate
design features can eliminate or reduce the risk of an
injury
83

Thanks for Your Participation
84

General Construction Safety Training.ppt

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