General Chemistry 1 Lesson 5; Mass Relationships in Chemical reactions
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This document provides an overview of stoichiometry concepts including: identifying mole ratios from balanced equations, performing stoichiometric calculations, defining theoretical, actual and percent yields, calculating theoretical and percent yields, identifying limiting and excess reagents, and calculating reaction yield with a limiting reagent. The key topics are stoichiometry, limiting reagent, theoretical yield, actual yield and percent yield. Stoichiometry allows determining amounts of products from reactants or vice versa using mole ratios from balanced equations. The limiting reagent is the first reactant used up in a reaction.
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1. Reactants and products are separated by an arrow.
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mercury(II) oxide mercury + oxygenΔ
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- There are specific steps to solve mole-to-mole, mole-to-mass, and mass-to-mass stoichiometry problems.
- Limiting reactants determine the amount of product formed in a reaction. Excess reactants remain after the reaction completes.
- Percent yield calculations compare the actual and theoretical yields of a chemical reaction.
Cmcchapter16 100613134218-phpapp01
This document discusses reaction rates and factors that affect them. It is divided into 4 sections:
1) A model for reaction rates which introduces collision theory and the activated complex.
2) Factors affecting reaction rates such as concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts/inhibitors. Catalysts lower activation energy.
3) Reaction rate laws and determining reaction order using the method of initial rates. Rate laws relate reaction rate and reactant concentrations.
4) Instantaneous reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. Complex reactions occur in steps with intermediates. The slowest step is rate-determining.
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- 2. • a. Identify mole ratios of reactants and products from balanced chemical equations • b. Perform stoichiometric calculations related to chemical equations • c. Define theoretical, actual, and percent yield of reactions • d. Calculate theoretical and percent yield of a reaction • e. Identify the limiting and excess reagent(s) of a reaction • f. Calculate reaction yield in the presence of a limiting reagent
- 3. Keywords for the Concept: • a. Stoichiometry • b. Limiting reagent • c. Theoretical yield • d. Actual yield • e. Percent yield
- 4. Amounts of Reactants and Products • Stoichiometry is the study of the quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical reactions. From the balanced chemical equation, we will be able to: ⚬ a. Determine how much products will be produced from a specific amount of reactants ⚬ b. Determine the amount of reactants needed to produce a specific amount of products
- 10. Amounts of Reactants and Products Limiting Reagents • The reactant used up first in the chemical reaction is called the limiting reagent. Excess reagentsare reactants present in quantities greater than what is needed by the reaction.