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Gender
Gender 
I. Demography, Health Issues 
A. Longevity Gap: difference in life expectancy between 
men & women 
1. Global norm, Women outlive men 
B. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): # of Women who 
die during childbirth per 100,000 live births 
1. Inadaquate medical services 
2. Malnutrition 
3. Illegal abortions 
C. Infanticide: killing a child before 1 year old 
1. Prenatal Gender Detection: find out gender before 
birth. 
2. Hindu Society: Males = Lineage + Lighting father’s 
funeral pyre. Females = Dowry payment 
3. Dowry Death = Bride killed if full dowry not paid 
4. One Child Policies
Gender 
C. Female Genitalia Mutilation (FGM) 
1. Cause: 
a. Ancient ritual 
b. Ensure virginity, suitability for marriage 
c. Control women’s attitude toward sex 
2. Problems 
a. Infection, infertility, child birth issues 
3. Who/Where 
a. Africa, SE Asia, Mid/Cen Asia 
b. 2 Million girls under 11 every year
Female Mortality Rate
Gender 
II. Culture & Society 
A. Gendered Spaces 
B. Job Discrimination & occupation Segregation 
C. Wage Inequalities 
D. Unequal Access/Rights in Courts 
1. Domestic Violence, Rape 
2. Divorce 
E. Sharia Law 
1. Controlling of women’s clothing 
2. No: music, celebrations, jobs, schooling, adultery 
F. Work & Education 
1. Africa, S/SE Asia: Domestic & Subsistant Ag 
2. Women produce 40% of world’s food 
3. 65-75% of Indian Women illiterate 
4. Work in Informal Markets
Gender 
III.Measuring Inequality 
A. GEM: Gender Empowerment Measurement 
1. Women’s ability to participate in econ/pol decisions 
B. GDI: Gender Development Index 
A. Measures gender gaps in the HDI index 
C. GII: Gender Inequality Index 
1. Reproductive health, empowerment, labor market
AP HuG- Gender
AP HuG- Gender
AP HuG- Gender

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AP HuG- Gender

  • 2. Gender I. Demography, Health Issues A. Longevity Gap: difference in life expectancy between men & women 1. Global norm, Women outlive men B. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): # of Women who die during childbirth per 100,000 live births 1. Inadaquate medical services 2. Malnutrition 3. Illegal abortions C. Infanticide: killing a child before 1 year old 1. Prenatal Gender Detection: find out gender before birth. 2. Hindu Society: Males = Lineage + Lighting father’s funeral pyre. Females = Dowry payment 3. Dowry Death = Bride killed if full dowry not paid 4. One Child Policies
  • 3. Gender C. Female Genitalia Mutilation (FGM) 1. Cause: a. Ancient ritual b. Ensure virginity, suitability for marriage c. Control women’s attitude toward sex 2. Problems a. Infection, infertility, child birth issues 3. Who/Where a. Africa, SE Asia, Mid/Cen Asia b. 2 Million girls under 11 every year
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 11.
  • 12. Gender II. Culture & Society A. Gendered Spaces B. Job Discrimination & occupation Segregation C. Wage Inequalities D. Unequal Access/Rights in Courts 1. Domestic Violence, Rape 2. Divorce E. Sharia Law 1. Controlling of women’s clothing 2. No: music, celebrations, jobs, schooling, adultery F. Work & Education 1. Africa, S/SE Asia: Domestic & Subsistant Ag 2. Women produce 40% of world’s food 3. 65-75% of Indian Women illiterate 4. Work in Informal Markets
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Gender III.Measuring Inequality A. GEM: Gender Empowerment Measurement 1. Women’s ability to participate in econ/pol decisions B. GDI: Gender Development Index A. Measures gender gaps in the HDI index C. GII: Gender Inequality Index 1. Reproductive health, empowerment, labor market