All the three methods of national income accounting are explained with mathematical questions and answers. It is very helpful for the NCERT and SCERT plus two commerce and humanities students who have to learn these methods in the second chapter of macroeconomics.
circular flow of income,
meaning of national income,
concepts of national income,
methods & problems in measuring national income
concepts of agregate demand & agregate supply
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture goes over the difference between real and nominal GDP.
All the three methods of national income accounting are explained with mathematical questions and answers. It is very helpful for the NCERT and SCERT plus two commerce and humanities students who have to learn these methods in the second chapter of macroeconomics.
circular flow of income,
meaning of national income,
concepts of national income,
methods & problems in measuring national income
concepts of agregate demand & agregate supply
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture goes over the difference between real and nominal GDP.
Concept of national income and comparison with pakistanAgamya Dixit
It discusses the various concepts of national income like GDP, GNP, circular flow of income , etc .. It also brings to light the data related to national income for past few years and the trends. It also presents a comparison with the national income trends of Pakistan.
GDP, GNP, NNP, NDP, REAL GDP, NOMINAL GDP, GDP DEFLATORSelf-employed
THIS SLIDES WILL WILL HELP YOU IN WHAT IS GDP WHICH THINGS NOT INCLUDE IN GDP FORMULA OF GDP AND ALSO DEFINE ITS EACH FACTOR AND WHAT IS GNP EXAMPLES OF GNP DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NDP AND NNP AND ALSO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REAL GDP AND NOMINAL GDP AND HOW TO CALCULATE GDP DEFLATOR EVERY TOPIC IS DEFINE IN THIS SLIDES VERY CLEAR AND WITH EXAMPLES.
A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product, gross national product, net national income, and adjusted national income
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
2. Concepts of National Income:
There are various concepts of national income.
These are explained below one by one:
(1) Gross National Product (GNP).
(2) Net National Product (NNP)/National Income.
(3) Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
(4) National Income at Factor Cost.
(5) Personal Income.
(6) Disposable Personal Income.
3. Gross National Product
(GNP)
"The total money value of all final goods and
services produced by the residents of a country
in one year period".
4. we should remember the following aspects about GNP.
(i) GNP is a flow concept:
(ii) GNP measures final output:
(iii) GNP is output produced by the
citizens of a country:
5. (i) GNP is a flow concept: GNP represents a flow. It is a quantity produced per unit of
time. It is the value of final goods and services I produced in a country during a given
time period.
(ii) GNP measures final output: While calculating GNP, the market value of only final
goods and services produced in a year are added up. Final goods are those goods which
are purchased for final use in I the market.
(iii) GNP is output produced by the citizens of a country: Gross national product is the
final output of goods and services produced by the citizens and businesses of a country
during a given time period which is usually a year. For example, the economic activity
carried out by the USA citizens and businesses outside the country is counted in GNP.
While the income of the residents who are not USA citizens is subtracted from GNP.
6. Components of Expenditures in GNP:
(i) Consumption Expenditure (C)
(ii) Investment (I)
(iii) Govt. expenditures (G)
(iv) Net Exports (X - M)
7. (i) Consumption Expenditure (C): It includes all personal expenditure incurred by the
citizens of a country on durable and non-durable goods in a period of one year.
(ii) Investment (I): It is the total expenditure incurred by firms or households on
capital goods.
(iii) Govt. expenditures (G): It includes all types of expenditure incurred by Federal,
Provincial, Local Councils on the purchases of goods and services such as national
defense, law and order, street lighting etc.
(iv) Net Exports (X - M): Net exports of goods and services are value of exports
minus the value of imports.
8. Formula For Gross National Profit:
GNP = C + I + G + (X – M)+Net factor income
earned from abroad
Where:
C = consumption, I = investment,
G = Govt. expenditure, X - M = Net exports
9. Gross Domestic Product
(GDP)
‘’The total market value at current prices of all final goods and services produced
within a year by the factors of production located within a country"
10. Formula For GDP:
GDP = GNP – (NFIFA)
There
GNP = C + I + G + (X – M)
NIFN=Net Foreign Income From Abroad
12. While calculating the gross domestic product (GDP), the value of only those goods
are added which have reached their final stage of production and are available for
consumption. The primary or intermediate goods are not counted in GDP. For
example, table made of wood is the final product. The wood used in making the
table is a primary good. While calculating GDP, if we include the value of wood as
a separate item and the value of table separate, it will be a case of double
counting and this leads to inflated rise in GDP.
(i) Stress on final output.
13. Stage of Production Form of the Product Price at Each Stage ($)
Value Added at Each
Process ($)
1st Jungle Wood 0.25 0.25
2nd
The price of wood after
transporting to the city
0.38 0.13
3rd Paper manufacturing 2.00 1.62
4th Printing of book 5.00 3.00
5th Binding and title, etc. 6.00 1.00
6th Sale price 10.00 4.00
$23.63 $10.00
(ii) Value added method.
14. (iii) Non-Productive transactions are excluded
from GDP.
There are two major types of non-productive transactions
a) Purely financial transactions
all public transfer payments which do not add
to the current flow of goods such as social
security payments, relief payments
(b) Second hand sales.
all private financial transactions such as
receipt of money by a student from his father
which make no contribution in current
production are all excluded from GDP.
(iv) Other transactions.
There are a few other transactions which are not included in GDP. For
example, persons working in their own houses without any payment
through the market.
15. GDP is the value of output produced by factors of production located within a
country. It excludes the output produced abroad by domestically owned factors
of production.
Exclusion of output production abroad.
Thank You
Editor's Notes
(i) GNP is a flow concept: GNP represents a flow. It is a quantity produced per unit of time. It is the value of final goods and services I produced in a country during a given time period.
(ii) GNP measures final output: While calculating GNP, the market value of only final goods and services produced in a year are added up. Final goods are those goods which are purchased for final use in I the market.
(iii) GNP is output produced by the citizens of a country: Gross national product is the final output of goods and services produced by the citizens and businesses of a country during a given time period which is usually a year. For example, the economic activity carried out by the USA citizens and businesses outside the country is counted in GNP. While the income of the residents who are not USA citizens is subtracted from GNP.
(i) Consumption Expenditure (C): It includes all personal expenditure incurred by the citizens of a country on durable and non-durable goods in a period of one year.
(ii) Investment (I): It is the total expenditure incurred by firms or households on capital goods.
(iii) Govt. expenditures (G): It includes all types of expenditure incurred by Federal, Provincial, Local Councils on the purchases of goods and services such as national defense, law and order, street lighting etc.
(iv) Net Exports (X - M): Net exports of goods and services are value of exports minus the value of imports.