Morgan Aqua, S.L. specializes in managing biomass from greenhouse crops in Southeastern Spain, processing up to 2.5 million tons of vegetable waste annually into homogeneous biomass for large-scale consumers. The company's proprietary technology and expertise allow for the efficient conversion of crop residues into a sustainable biomass feedstock, providing consistent and viable energy sources. The document details various analyses, including higher heating values and elemental content of different biomass types, confirming the effectiveness of Morgan Aqua's methods in optimizing waste management.

1. MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

2. gcBIOMASS
GREENHOUSE CROP BIOMASS
THE SUSTAINANABLE AND FULL ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK
In Southeastern Spain, Morgan AQUA manage from
1,086,261 t year -1 (fresh weight) up to 2,5 million t year of
greenhouse crops Wastes (Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis sativus
L., Solanum melongena L., Solanum lycopersicum L.,
Phaseoulus vulgarisL., Capsicum annuum L., Citrillus vulgaris
Schrad. and Cucumis melo L.).
This document is shown gcBIOMASS (Vegetable Greenhouse
Waste) characterization. Reader must consider figures are
the minimum gcBIOMASS managed by Morgan AQUA.
Morgan AQUA is the only company that has developed a proprietary technology to fit out the
greenhouse crop wastes into an homogeneous biomass, able to be provided on large scale basis to
the big biomass consumers.
Economic viability of the greenhouse crop wastes like
Biomass is possible thanks to the Morgan AQUA’s
environmental technologies know-how; NO other
company was capable to perform it.
Korean, French, Spanish, German and some other
environmental expertise tech developers were trying to
find out a right model for this biomass on the last 30
years with no results.
All the analyses in this work involve the use of worldwide recognized standards and methods and
all variables were performed in quintuplicate for each species (more than the required by the
standards). The total potential energy for the gcBIOMASS, was determined by direct analysis using
International Standards.
Readers must take into account that the provided figures are MINIMUM results obtained, it means
that could be bigger/better at any case.
gcBIOMASS has not the higher values of HHV, but is a continued and safe source of biomass
feedstock; stocks and provision are fully granted month by month, year by year.
MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

3. CROP RESIDUE
AVERAGE VALUES OF PROXIMATE AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, AND HIGHER HEATING VALUE (HHV)
HHV CHLORIDE SULPHUR ASH
HUMIDITY
(HIGHER HEATING VALUE) (Cl) (S) CONTENT
KWh/Kg kcal/Kg Percentage (%DRY WEIGHT )
gcBIOMASS 4,7 4.073 0,007 0,001% 3,20 <8
CEREAL A 4,2 3.614 0,04 --- 2 ---
CEREAL B 4,8 4.130 0,17 --- 3 ---
WOODCHIPS PELLETS 4,0 3.442 0,15/0,45 --- 0,2/0,5 20%
STRAW PELLETS 3,6/4,0 3.097/3.441 0,003 --- --- ---
ASH METAL, CHLORIDE AND SULPHUR SPECIES (mg/kg)
ASH %
(DRY Al Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn Mo Na P S Cl
WEIGHT)
CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) 3,42 0,23 10,5 0,31 0,02 53 13 0,17 0,003 5 8 4,7 31,4
CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) 3,50 0,18 11,4 0,36 0,03 62 15 0,20 0,003 6 10 5,6 37,0
SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) 2,65 0,28 30,4 0,95 0,08 163 39 0,52 0,009 14 26 14,6 96,8
SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) 3,04 0,26 20,7 0,63 0,05 108 26 0,35 0,006 41 17 9,7 64,0
PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) 2,88 0,18 11,7 0,32 0,03 55 13 0,18 0,003 5 9 5,0 32,9
CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) 3,56 0,15 31,4 0,96 0,08 165 40 0,53 0,009 13 26 14,8 98,2
CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water
3,08 0,24 22,1 0,65 0,05 111 27 0,36 0,006 9 18 10,0 66,2
melon)
CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon) 3,21 0,21 31,6 0,88 0,07 151 37 0,48 0,008 37 24 13,6 89,9
BALANCED AVERAGE 3,20 0,22 23 0,7 0,1 116 28 0,37 0,01 26 18 10,4 68,8
HIGHER HEATING VALUE (HHV)
BEFORE MAQ TREATMENT AFTER MAQ TREATMENT
KWh/Kg kcal/Kg KWh/Kg Kcal/Kg
CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) 3,57 3.069,65 4,14 3.559,76
CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) 3,50 3.009,46 4,05 3.482,37
SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) 4,59 3.946,69 5,46 4.694,75
SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) 4,12 3.542,56 4,85 4.170,25
PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) 4,73 4.067,07 5,74 4.935,51
CAPSICUM ANNUM L..(pepper) 4,24 3.645,74 5,01 4.307,82
CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water melon) 3,96 3.404,99 4,64 3.989,68
CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon) 3,75 3.224,42 4,37 3.757,52
BALANCED AVERAGE 4,70 4.073,01
MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

4. MINIMUM CROP RESIDUE BIOMASS PRODUCED
MINIMUM AVAILABLE MINIMUM AVAILABLE
PLANT AREA
STUDIED SPECIES BIOMASS BIOMASS
REMAINS OCCUPIED
(TONES YEAR) (TONES YEAR)
(T Ha. Year) (ha)
FRESH WEIGHT DRY WEIGHT
CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) 20 4.492 89.840 17.968
CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. (pepper) 24 4.551 109,224 21.844,8
SOLANUM MELONGENA L.
(aubergine)
27 1.622 43.794 8.758,8
SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L.
(tomato)
49 10.250 502.250 100.450
PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) 23 1.259 28.957 5.791,4
CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) 28 7.057 197.596 39.519,2
CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD
(water melon)
24 4.775 114.600 22.920
CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon) 33 4,981 164,373 32.874,6
TOTAL 228 38.987* 1.086.261 250.126,8
* Total area occupied that could be managed up to 46.900 ha
BIOMASS ANALYSIS METHODS
PROPERTY ANALYTICAL METHOD
PROXIMATE ANALISYS
MOISTURE CONTENT UNE-CEN/TS 14780:2008 EX; UNE-CEN/TS 14774-1:2007 EX
ASH UNE-CEN/TS 14775:2007 EX
ELEMENTAL ANALISYS
SULPHUR (S) ASTM D4239-08
CHLORINE (Cl) ASTM E776-87
HIGHER HEATING VALUE (via direct analysis). UNE 164001:2005 EX
ASH ELEMENTAL METALS UNE-CEN/TS 14775 EX
ASH FUSIBILITY ASTM D1857-04 (Oxidising Atmosphere)
ASH FUSIBILITY OF THE STUDIED SPECIES
SPECIES SPECIES FUSIBILITY
IT (◦C) ST (◦C) HT (◦C) FT (◦C)
Cucurbita pepo L. 1.546,00 1.553,00 1.650,00 1.650,00
Cucumis sativus L. 993,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00
Solanum melongena L. 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00
Solanum lycopersicum L. 994,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00
Phaseoulus vulgaris L. 1.353,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00
Capsicum annuum L. 993,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00
Citrillus vulgaris Schrad. NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA
Cucumis melo L. NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA
IT: deformation temperature; ST: softening temperature; HT: hemisphere temperature; FT: fluidity temperature.
MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

5. POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE STUDIED GREENHOUSE WASTES
BEFORE MAQ TREATMENT
HHV
Biomass kWhkg−1 kWh
(kJ kg−1 kcal kg-1 kJ year−1 kcal year-1
(t year−1) dry weight year−1
dry weight) dry weight
Cucurbita pepo L.
17.968,0 12.849,37 3,57 3.071,07 230.877.480 64.133 55.181,04
- Calabacín-
Cucumis sativus L.
21.844,8 12.595,82 3,50 3.010,47 275.153.169 76.431 65.763,18
- Pepino -
Solanum melongena L.
8.758,8 16.529,71 4,59 3.950,70 144.780.424 40.217 34.603,35
- Berenjena -
Solanum lycopersicum
100.450,0 14.826,78 4,12 3.543,69 1.489.350.051 413.708 355.963,20
L.- Tomate -
Phaseoulus vulgaris L.
5.791,4 17.014,23 4,73 4.066,50 98.536.212 27.371 23.550,72
- Judías -
Capsicum annuum L.
39.519,2 15.264,44 4,24 3.648,29 603.238.457 167.566 144.177,45
- Pimiento-
Citrillus vulgaris
22.920,0 14.258,58 3,96 3.407,88 326.806.654 90.780 78.108,66
Schrad.- Sandía -
Cucumis melo L.
32.874,6 13.501,26 3,75 3.226,88 443.848.522 123.291 106.082,34
- Melón -
TOTAL 250.126,8 3.612.590.968 1.003.497 863.429.241
HHV: higher heating value.
AFTER MAQ TREATMENT
HHV
Biomass kWhkg−1 kcal kg-1
(kJ kg−1 kJ year−1 kWh year−1 kcal year-1
(t year−1) dry weight dry weight
dry weight)
CURCUBITA PEPO L.
(courgette)
17.968,0 14.904,00 4,14 3.559,76 267.795.072 74.388 63.961.768
CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.
(pepper)
21.844,8 14.580,00 4,05 3.482,37 318.497.184 88.471 76.071.676
SOLANUM MELONGENA L.
(aubergine)
8.758,8 19.656,00 5,46 4.694,75 172.162.973 47.823 41.120.376
SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM
L. (tomato)
100.450,0 17.460,00 4,85 4.170,25 1.753.857.000 487.183 418.901.613
PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L.
(bean)
5.791,4 20.664,00 5,74 4.935,51 119.673.490 33.243 28.583.513
CAPSICUM ANNUM L.
(pepper)
39.519,2 18.036,00 5,01 4.307,82 712.768.291 197.991 170.241.600
CITRILLUS VULGARIS
SCHARAD (water melon)
22.920,0 16.704,00 4,64 3.989,68 382.855.680 106.349 91.443.466
CUCUMIS MELO L.
(melon)
32.874,6 15.732,00 4,37 4.073,01 517.183.207 143.662 133.898.575
TOTAL 4.244.792.897 1.179.109 1.024.222.586
MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

6. VGW MANAGED BY MORGAN AQUA - PRODUCTION ANNUAL CALENDAR
FRESH WEIGHT DRY WEIGHT
MONTH VGW (%) VGW (m3) VGW (ton) VGW (ton)
January 19,2 654.190,66 208.562,11 48.024,35
February 10,5 460.616,21 114.057,41 26.263,31
March 5 221.682,73 54.313,05 12.506,34
April 6,4 282.496,89 69.520,70 16.008,12
May 23,6 1.029.793,97 256.357,60 59.029,92
June 18,6 812.546,77 202.044,55 46.523,58
July 9,3 408.481,28 101.022,27 23.261,79
August 0,9 49.640,12 9.776,35 2.251,14
September 0,4 26.333,74 4.345,04 1.000,51
October 1,2 59.083,05 13.035,13 3.001,52
November 1,7 83.215,38 18.466,44 4.252,16
December 3,2 143.110,89 34.760,35 8.004,06
TOTAL 100 4.231.191,69 1.086.261,00 250.126,80
VGW: Vegetable Greenhouse Wastes
250.126,80 Ton of gcBIOMASS produced yearly
MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

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MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

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MORGAN AQUA, S.L.
Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª
28046 Madrid. SPAIN
CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS