Based on the above information it may be concluded that gastro retentive drug delivery offers various potential advantages for drug with poor bioavailability due their absorption is restricted to the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and they canbe delivered efficiently thereby maximizing their absorption and enhancing absolute bioavailability.Due to complexity of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters, in vivo studies are required to establish the optional dosage form for a specific drug.
This presentation includes introduction, physiology of GIT, factors affecting GRDDS, Advantages and disadvantages, approaches to GRDDS and their mechanism, some of the marketed products using GRDDS mechanism.
Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to
prolong gastric residence time, thereby
targeting site-specific drug release in the upper
gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or
systemic effects. The various approaches are discussed with advantages like sustained drug delivery, increased bioavailability and site specific drug delivery.
This presentation includes introduction, physiology of GIT, factors affecting GRDDS, Advantages and disadvantages, approaches to GRDDS and their mechanism, some of the marketed products using GRDDS mechanism.
Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to
prolong gastric residence time, thereby
targeting site-specific drug release in the upper
gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or
systemic effects. The various approaches are discussed with advantages like sustained drug delivery, increased bioavailability and site specific drug delivery.
Contents:- Introduction, Need for GRDDS, Criteria for selection of drug for GRDDS, Advantages and Disadvantages, Factor affecting gastric retention time of a drug.
The term bioadhesive describes materials that bind to biological substrates, such as mucosal membranes and in bioadhesive drug delivery systems, the term bioadhesion is used to describe the bonding or adhesion between a synthetic or natural polymer and soft tissues such as epithelial cells. The bioadhesive drug delivery formulation highlights the fact that readily accessible sites are utilized with the eye, oral cavity and vegina being targeted. The GI tract and the nasal cavity have also been extensively examined as a site for bioadhesive drug delivery The prospect of writing this review article is to present comprehensive information related to mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The article has highlighted all the aspects of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems which will be helpful for researches and academics. The article includes detailed information about mucosa the anatomy and physiology, the mechanisms and theories related to mucoadhesion, evaluation parameters of mucoadhesive dosage forms, mucoadhesive polymers and novel approaches related to mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The potential merits and demerits of mucoadhesive drug delivery as well as that of the polymers are also discussed. Vanitha G B | Mrs. S. Shyamla | Mr. S. Jeevanandham "Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49267.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/49267/mucoadhesive-drug-delivery-system/vanitha-g-b
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (gastro retentive drug delivery system)
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System A Reviewijtsrd
The purpose of writing this review on gastroretentive drug delivery systems was to compile the recent literature with special focus on various gastroretentive approaches that have recently become leading methodologies in the field of site specific orally administered controlled release drug delivery. In order to understand various physiological difficulties to achieve gastric retention, we have summarized important factors controlling gastric retention. Afterwards, we have reviewed various gastroretentive approaches designed and developed until now, i.e. high density sinking , floating, bio or mucoadhesive, expandable, unfoldable, super porous hydrogel and magnetic systems. Finally, advantages of gastroretentive drug delivery systems were covered in detail. Chetan Varade | Smita Aher | Rushikesh Bachhav "Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52341.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/52341/gastroretentive-drug-delivery-system-a-review/chetan-varade
Contents:- Introduction, Need for GRDDS, Criteria for selection of drug for GRDDS, Advantages and Disadvantages, Factor affecting gastric retention time of a drug.
The term bioadhesive describes materials that bind to biological substrates, such as mucosal membranes and in bioadhesive drug delivery systems, the term bioadhesion is used to describe the bonding or adhesion between a synthetic or natural polymer and soft tissues such as epithelial cells. The bioadhesive drug delivery formulation highlights the fact that readily accessible sites are utilized with the eye, oral cavity and vegina being targeted. The GI tract and the nasal cavity have also been extensively examined as a site for bioadhesive drug delivery The prospect of writing this review article is to present comprehensive information related to mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The article has highlighted all the aspects of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems which will be helpful for researches and academics. The article includes detailed information about mucosa the anatomy and physiology, the mechanisms and theories related to mucoadhesion, evaluation parameters of mucoadhesive dosage forms, mucoadhesive polymers and novel approaches related to mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The potential merits and demerits of mucoadhesive drug delivery as well as that of the polymers are also discussed. Vanitha G B | Mrs. S. Shyamla | Mr. S. Jeevanandham "Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49267.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/49267/mucoadhesive-drug-delivery-system/vanitha-g-b
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (gastro retentive drug delivery system)
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System A Reviewijtsrd
The purpose of writing this review on gastroretentive drug delivery systems was to compile the recent literature with special focus on various gastroretentive approaches that have recently become leading methodologies in the field of site specific orally administered controlled release drug delivery. In order to understand various physiological difficulties to achieve gastric retention, we have summarized important factors controlling gastric retention. Afterwards, we have reviewed various gastroretentive approaches designed and developed until now, i.e. high density sinking , floating, bio or mucoadhesive, expandable, unfoldable, super porous hydrogel and magnetic systems. Finally, advantages of gastroretentive drug delivery systems were covered in detail. Chetan Varade | Smita Aher | Rushikesh Bachhav "Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52341.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/52341/gastroretentive-drug-delivery-system-a-review/chetan-varade
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. COURSE STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS FOR
PRACTICE SCHOOL (BP507PS)
B. PHARMACY FINAL YEAR (SEM VII)
DOMAIN – 5
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT
GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
(REVIEW)
3. A REVIEW ARTICLE BY :
GHUGE KRISHNA TUKARAM
CLASS : FINAL YEAR B. PHARMACY
PRN : 1952811823048
ROLL NO. : 44
IN GUIDANCE OF :
PROF. MOHINI SHINDE (MADAM)
4. INDEX
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Approaches of GRDDs
• Appropriate drug candidates for GRDDs
• Factors affecting GRDDs
• Advantages Of GRDDs
• Disadvantages Of GRDDs
• Marketed preparations of GRDDs
• Conclusion
• References
5. GRDDSs can improve the controlled delivery of drugs
that have an absorption window by continuously releasing the
drug for a prolonged period of time before it reaches its
absorption site. The purpose of this project was to
investigate, compile and present the recent as
well as past information in more concise way
with special focus on approaches which are currently utilized
in the prolongation of gastric residence time.
Abstract :
6. • Gastro retentive delivery systems are designed to be retained in the
stomach for a prolonged time and release their active ingredients and
thereby enable sustained and prolonged input of the drug to the upper
part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Introduction :
• Depends upon fluid and food intake.
• GRDDS are designed to delay gastric emptying .
• GRDDS obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing
in controlled manner.
7. Approaches Of Gastric Retention :
• Floating System
• Swelling & Expandable System
• Mucoadhesive/Bioadhesive
System
• High-density System
8.
9. Floating System :
One of the most essential techniques to achieving stomach
retention and appropriate drug bioavailability.
Dosage form should have less bulk density than that of the
gastric fluids (1.004–1.001 gm/cm3),
so that it can float on gastric fluid for entire duration of
therapy,
and the medicine is released slowly with a controlled rate.
10. Swellable & Expandable system:
In swellable and expandable type of system,
the dosage form is designed in such a way that its size is
small enough to administer through oral route but once it
reaches the stomach.
It goes in gastric fluid and swells; thus its size is expanded
and will be difficult to move on through the pyloric sphincter.
This improves the residence time of formulation in stomach.
11. Mucoadhesive System :
MDDSs are non-floating systems formulated to achieve gastric retention of
drugs, these are prepared with various mucoadhesive polymers to get attach
inside the lumen of the stomach wall and survive the gastrointestinal motility
for a longer period, these are also beneficial as site specific
drug absorption in infected area.
Examples of some mucoadhesive excipients are polycarbophil, lectins,
carbopol, chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), pectin etc.
There are various types of mucoadhesion like:
• Hydration-Mediated Adhesion.
• Bonding-Mediated Adhesion.
• Receptor-Mediated Adhesion.
12. • Gastric contents have a density close to water.
• A density close to 2.5g/cm³ is necessary for
significant prolongation of gastricresidence time.
• The commonly used excipients in high density system includes barium
sulphate, zinc oxide, iron powder, and titanium dioxide.
• The major drawback with such systems is that it is technically difficult to
manufacture them with a large amount of drug (>50%) and to achieve the
required density.
High-density System :
13. • Drugs that acting locally in the stomach. E.g. Antacids.
• Drugs that primarily absorbed in the stomach.E.g. Amoxicillin.
• Drugs that poorly soluble at alkaline pH.E.g. Furosamide, Diazepam,
Verapamil, etc.
• Drugs with a narrow absorption window. E.g. Cyclosporine,, Levodopa,
Methotrexate etc.
• Drugs that absorbed rapidly from the GI tract.E.g. Metronidazole,
tetracycline.
• Drugs that degrade in the colon.E.g. Ranitidine, Metformin.
Appropriate Candidate Drugs For
GRDDS :
14. Advantages :
• Enhanced bioavailability.
• Reduced fluctuations of drug concentration.
• Improved selectivity in receptor activation.
• Reduced counter-activity of the body.
• Extended effective concentration.
• Minimized adverse activity at the colon.
15. Disadvantages :
• Retention in the stomach is not desirable for drugs that cause gastric
lesions (e.g. Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs).
• Can’t use drugs that are degraded in acidic environment of stomach
(e.g. Insulin).
• Can’t use drugs that undergo a significant first-pass metabolism (e.g.
Nifedipine).
• Can’t use drugs that have very limited acid solubility (e.g. Phenytoin).
16. Factors Affecting GRDDS :
• Gender
• Size and Shape of the dosage form
• Single or Multi unit formulation
• Age
• Density
• Body posture
• Frequency of intake
• Diseased state of an individual
17. Brand Name Active Ingredient(s)
Cifran OD ® Ciprofloxacin
Madopar ® L-DOPA and Benserazide
Valrelease ® Diazepam
Topalkan ® Aluminum –magnesium antacid
Almagate FlatCoat ® Aluminum –magnesium antacid
Liquid Gavison ® Ferrous sulfate
Conviron Ferrous sulfate
Cytotec® Misoprostal
Some Marketed Preparations
Of GRDDs :
18. BASED ON THE ABOVE INFORMATION IT MAY BE
CONCLUDED THAT GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY
OFFERS
VARIOUS POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES FOR DRUG WITH POOR
BIOAVAILABILITY DUE THEIR ABSORPTION IS RESTRICTED
TO
THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT) AND THEY
CAN
BE DELIVERED EFFICIENTLY THEREBY MAXIMIZING THEIR
ABSORPTION AND ENHANCING ABSOLUTE
BIOAVAILABILITY.
DUE TO COMPLEXITY OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND
PHARMACODYNAMICS PARAMETERS, IN VIVO STUDIES ARE
REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH THE OPTIONAL DOSAGE FORM
FOR A
SPECIFIC DRUG.
Conclusion :
19. Article of Amit Kumar Nayak,
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: a review,
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research,
March 2010, Page No. : 8.
Article Of Shivram Shinde, Imran Tadwee And Sadhana Shahi,
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: a review, International Journal
of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, J
anuary 2011, Page No. : 10.
Article of Meenakshi Jassal, Ujjwal Nautiyal, Jyotsana Kundlas,
A review : Gastroretentive drug delivery systems,
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR),
March 2015, Page No. : 1.
References :
Floating Capsules
Diazepam, Furosemide, Misoprostol, L-Dopa and Benserazide, Pepstatin, Verapamil HCl and Nicardipine
Parameters
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System
Conventional Drug Delivery System
Risk of toxicity
Lower
Higher
Patient compliance
High compliance level
Less compliance level
Dose dumping
High risk
No risk
Drugs
Beneficial for drugs:
Not beneficial for drugs:
That have rapid GI absorption
That have low GI absorption
Degrade in colon
Degrade in colon
That show local action in the stomach
That show local action in the stomach