2. Context
What is Crude oil | Gasoline | Usage of Gasoline
Crude oil
01
Exploring Ingredients | Getting samples | Analyzing
Exploration
02
Drilling process
Drilling
03
Recovery
04 Recovery process
3. Crude oil
The gasoline manufacturing process begins with its main ingredient: crude oil.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon
deposits and other organic materials
Crude oil is comprised of a mixture of Hydrocarbon molecules.
Light crude(Sweet)
-low impurities
-Can easily be refined to Gasoline
-Produced in Nigeria, U.S, Gulf states, Canada
Heavy crude(Sour)
-High S impurities
-Difficult to refine to gasoline
-Produced in Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Venezuela, Iraq
4. Crude oil fractions
o Petroleum gas
o Naphtha
o Gasoline
o Kerosene
o Diesel oil
o Heavy-gas
o Residuals
5. 1859
The first oil well in the United States
was struck by Edwin L. Drake near
Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859 at a
depth of almost 70 feet (21 m)
With the development of the four-
stroke internal combustion engine
by Nikolaus Otto in 1876, gasoline
became essential to the automotive
industry.
2019
The level of oil production is
currently at an all-time high, with
around 95.2 million barrels of oil
produced daily in 201
1994The United States is the world's
leading consumer of petroleum; in
1994, Americans used 7,587,000
barrels of oil per day
Gasoline Manufacturing
.
1876
6. Gasoline
Manufacturing
• To extract crude oil from the
ground, petroleum
companies
• dig deep well bores into the
oil reserves and pump it out.
• The crude oil is then taken to
a refinery
• for the next phase of the
gasoline manufacturing
process.
PETROLEUM
• Petroleum products, are primarily a mixture of hydrocarbons with
small amounts of other substances.
• Crude oil is comprised of different lengths of hydrocarbon chains,
with some short chains and some very long chains.
• Depending on how much the oil is broken down, or refined, it
may become any number of products.
• In general, the smaller the molecule, the lower the boiling
point.
• Therefore, gas, with very small chains of one to five carbons,
boils at a very low temperature.
• Gasoline, with 6-10 carbons, boils at a slightly higher
temperature. The heaviest oils may contain up to 25 carbon
atoms and not reach their boiling point until 761°F (405°C).
PROCESS
7. Exploration
Finding Ingredient
Location fixing
Getting samples
Analyzing sample
• The first step in the manufacture of gasoline is to find its
parent ingredient, petroleum Crude.
• Oil is trapped in areas of porous rock, or reservoir rock, after
it has migrated there from the area of its origin.
• Possible areas of oil concentration may be pinpointed by
looking for rock types that are commonly found in those
areas.
8. Exploration(continue)
• Explorers may examine the surface features of the land, analyze how sound waves bounces off
the rock.
• After a possible oil reservoir is found, the area must be test drilled.
• Core samples are taken from test wells to confirm rock formations, and the samples are
chemically analyzed in order to determine if more drilling is justified.
Although the methods used today are more advanced than any of the past, there is still no certainty in oil exploration..
9. Drilling process
Crude oil is recovered through wells that can reach over
1,000 feet (305 m) into the rock.
The holes are made by rotary drillers, which use a
bit to bore a hole in the ground as water is added.
The water and soil create a thick mud that helps
hold back the oil and prevent it from "gushing" due
to the internal pressure contained in the reservoir
rock.
When the reservoir is reached, the mud continues
to hold back the oil while the drill is removed and a
pipe is inserted.
10. Recovery
process
• To recover the oil, a complicated system of pipes
and valving is installed directly into the drilling
well.
• The natural pressure of the reservoir rock brings
the oil out of the well and into the pipes.
• These are connected to a recovery system, which
consists of a series of larger pipes taking the
crude oil to the refinery via an oil (liquid) and gas
(non-liquid) separator.
• This method allows the oil to be recovered with a
minimum of waste.
11. Recovery
(Continue)
• Eventually, the natural pressure of the well is
expended, though great quantities of oil may still
remain in the rock.
• Secondary recovery methods are now required
to obtain a greater percentage of the oil.
• The pressure is restored by either injecting gas
into the pocket above the oil or by flooding water
into the well, which is far more common.
• In this process, four holes are drilled around the
perimeter of the well and water is added.
• The petroleum will float on the water and come
to the surface.
12. Gasoline manufacturing
process
So far, we get to know the following topics in Gasoline manufacturing process
02
03
04
Petroleum
Gasoline is a volatile,
flammable liquid
obtained from the
refinement of
petroleum, or crude
oil..
Exploration
Exploring(searching)
for the present of
petroleum searches.
Drilling
Drilling to get the oil off
from ground.
01
Crude oil
Crude oil is a naturally
occurring liquid found
in rock
formations, often deep
in the ground
05
Recovery
Recovery is using
some procedures to
take the oil out of
ground.
