Armenia And Armenians Under Ottoman Dominion
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This document provides an overview of Armenians under Ottoman rule from 1500-1914, covering several topics: - The Millet system established religious communities like Armenians, Greeks, Jews with internal autonomy but as subordinate to Muslims - Armenian reorganization in 1863 established new governmental structures for the Armenian church and communities - Growing Armenian nationalist sentiment and desire for self-rule led to revolutionary movements in the late 1800s amid Russian advances and the Tanzimat reforms weakening Ottoman control - As the Ottoman Empire joined WWI, the Armenian genocide occurred from 1915-1923, eliminating the Ottoman Armenian population and communities.
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1914
Two (major) political entities in the region:
The Ottoman Empire (Egypt, Tunisia)Iran
Ten years later…
Turkey Egypt IraqTransjordan (later Jordan)SyriaLebanonSaudi ArabiaIran
The Ottoman Empire:
the balance among linguistic, regional, and religious groupings was disturbed by European interventions and the internal political changes.
The Ottoman decline:
By the turn of the 20th century the Ottoman state became unstable.
Keep in mind:
The religious foundations of Ottoman rule.
Legitimacy of the Ottoman Empire
As long as loyalty to the empire appeared consistent with loyalty to the best interests of Islam (the ties of the ummah were paramount) most Arab Muslims accepted the legitimacy of the Ottoman rule.
Modernism, Humanism, political liberalism, and the Enlightenment.
A transition from communities of faith to national communities;Secular (universal) citizenship;Loyalty to the state and its institutions rather than to communal (mostly tribal) identities. Constitutional government;Anti-monarchismReligious pluralism, freedom, individualism; Unified legal, judicial, educational system;The expansion of the state instituions (bureaucracy, surveillance).
The Ottoman swings in opposite direction:
Constitutionalism;
Religious restoration.
Young Ottomans (bureaucracy):
Secularization (legal, judicial, educational systems);Universal citizenship;The 1876 Constitution.
Religious restoration
(sultan Abdul Hamid II)
Technological and administrative modernization, railways, post offices, warships but:
Refurbished the long neglected title of caliph,Broadcasting pan-Islamic appeals, and Topped up the ranks of his administration with Arabs.
Religious restoration and identity
Pan-Islamisms
Rather than:
Ottomanism
1908
Widespread opposition to the sultan’s tyranny.
A military rising in Monastir and Salonika (Rumelia); The sultan forced to call elections;The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) won a majority across the empire.
The 1908 Young Turk “revolution”
Officers demand that Abdul Hamid II restore the constitution.
On July 24, 1908, the constitution was declared once again in effect.
The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) government
Overriding aim was the preservation of the empire, at whatever cost.
They weren’t liberals but nor were they purely anti-colonial.
The threats to the Ottoman Empire
came from European powers or their regional allies,
but the Young Turks did not reject the West culturally or politically.
The 1909 counterrevolution
Led by common soldiers and t.
The Ottoman Empire
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14 the ottoman empire
The Ottoman Empire rose to become a powerful world empire starting in the 15th century. It originated as a nomadic Turkish group from central Asia. The Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire and captured its capital, Constantinople, in 1453, marking the end of the Roman Empire which had lasted nearly 1,500 years. Under Sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire established a system of rule based on Islamic law and organized citizens into social classes of educated elites, military, merchants, and farmers.
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Some questions to consider:
Islamists are in power in both Iran and Turkey. Why is Turkey so different from Iran?
Why is the government in Egypt so different from the government in Saudi Arabia?
Why has the military played an important role in the politics of Turkey?
1914
Two (major) political entities in the region:
The Ottoman Empire (Egypt, Tunisia)Iran
Ten years later…
Turkey Egypt IraqTransjordan (later Jordan)SyriaLebanonSaudi ArabiaIran
The Ottoman Empire:
the balance among linguistic, regional, and religious groupings was disturbed by European interventions and the internal political changes.
The Ottoman decline:
By the turn of the 20th century the Ottoman state became unstable.
Keep in mind:
The religious foundations of Ottoman rule.
Legitimacy of the Ottoman Empire
As long as loyalty to the empire appeared consistent with loyalty to the best interests of Islam (the ties of the ummah were paramount) most Arab Muslims accepted the legitimacy of the Ottoman rule.
Modernism, Humanism, political liberalism, and the Enlightenment.
A transition from communities of faith to national communities;Secular (universal) citizenship;Loyalty to the state and its institutions rather than to communal (mostly tribal) identities. Constitutional government;Anti-monarchismReligious pluralism, freedom, individualism; Unified legal, judicial, educational system;The expansion of the state instituions (bureaucracy, surveillance).
The Ottoman swings in opposite direction:
Constitutionalism;
Religious restoration.
Young Ottomans (bureaucracy):
Secularization (legal, judicial, educational systems);Universal citizenship;The 1876 Constitution.
Religious restoration
(sultan Abdul Hamid II)
Technological and administrative modernization, railways, post offices, warships but:
Refurbished the long neglected title of caliph,Broadcasting pan-Islamic appeals, and Topped up the ranks of his administration with Arabs.
Religious restoration and identity
Pan-Islamisms
Rather than:
Ottomanism
1908
Widespread opposition to the sultan’s tyranny.
A military rising in Monastir and Salonika (Rumelia); The sultan forced to call elections;The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) won a majority across the empire.
The 1908 Young Turk “revolution”
Officers demand that Abdul Hamid II restore the constitution.
On July 24, 1908, the constitution was declared once again in effect.
The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) government
Overriding aim was the preservation of the empire, at whatever cost.
They weren’t liberals but nor were they purely anti-colonial.
The threats to the Ottoman Empire
came from European powers or their regional allies,
but the Young Turks did not reject the West culturally or politically.
The 1909 counterrevolution
Led by common soldiers and t.
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire originated as a nomadic Turkish group from Central Asia and rose to become a powerful world empire. Through military conquest, the Ottomans brought large territories under Islamic rule by the 15th century, including the capturing of Constantinople in 1453, marking the fall of the Byzantine Empire and expansion of Ottoman power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent's rule from 1520-1566, the empire established a strict social class system and saw advancements in areas like science, architecture, and literature.
14 the ottoman empire
The Ottoman Empire rose to become a powerful world empire starting in the 15th century. It originated as a nomadic Turkish group from central Asia. The Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire and captured its capital, Constantinople, in 1453, marking the end of the Roman Empire which had lasted nearly 1,500 years. Under Sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire established a system of rule based on Islamic law and organized citizens into social classes of educated elites, military, merchants, and farmers.
Armenian Turkish Relations
This document discusses Armenian-Turkish relations between 1895-1908 and the rise of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) movement in the Ottoman Empire. It questions whether the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) was to blame for souring relations and explores the non-separatist goals of Armenian revolutionary parties. Key figures and groups discussed include the Young Turks, Damad Mahmut Pasha, Prince Sabahattin, Behaeddin Shakir, and the ARF's alliance with the CUP in 1907 which paved the way for the 1908 coup.
The balkans
The document discusses key events and systems in the Balkans region from 1804-1999. It outlines Serbian uprisings, the unification of Wallachia and Moldavia into Romania, and the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also examines the millet system of organizing communities by religion in the Ottoman Empire, Tanzimat reforms to modernize the empire, and Ottomanism policies aimed at addressing social issues. Major events discussed include the Greek War of Independence, the 1848 Hungarian Revolution, and the First and Second Balkan Wars.
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The document summarizes the political and economic changes in Europe during the 15th-16th centuries. It focuses on the rise of powerful monarchies like Spain under the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella. It describes how the economies and populations of European states grew after the devastation of the 14th century's Black Death. Society became divided into estates rather than serfs and peasants. Kings centralized power by reducing the influence of nobles, the church, and parliaments. In Iberia, Castile and Aragon united through marriage and conquest, establishing Spain as a major power under Ferdinand and Isabella, who pursued policies of religious unity, territorial expansion, and strengthening royal authority.
Turkey: A Country in Denial
In this essay, I will discuss Turkey’s firm denial of the Armenian genocide as well as the consequences of this unfortunate phenomenon.
Armenian genocide 2016 Post Conflict
A review of the historical background of the Genocide, its features, the political debate which followed and why it is still a diplomatic 'hot potato' 100 years after the event.
The armenian genocide
The document summarizes the Armenian Genocide that occurred between 1915-1918 in Turkey. The Turkish government planned and administered the genocide, targeting Armenians and other Christian minorities. Over 1.5 million Armenians were killed through forced deportations and massacres as the Ottoman Empire collapsed during World War 1. While the events meet the UN definition of genocide, the Turkish government still denies that a genocide took place.
Turkish Armenian Story
The Story of Turks & Armenians - History Speaks
Documents, articles, photographs collected from;
-ERASEN Institude for Armenian Research
-TURKSAM Turkish Center for International Relations & Strategic Analysis
-FORSNET -ermenisorunu.gen.tr
-Turkish Historical Society
-General Staff of the Republic of Turkey
-National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
The armenian-genocide
The UK does not officially recognize the mass killings of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War 1 as a genocide. While acknowledging the immense suffering, the UK believes it is not for modern governments to make judgments on historical events and that the issue is one for Turkey and Armenia to resolve. The UK has close ties with Turkey as a trade partner and NATO ally, and believes its position supports reconciliation between Armenia and Turkey and regional stability. However, the UK condemns the atrocities and supports projects to promote normalization between the countries.
Revolutions and State Formation in Europe, 1st lecture
This document provides an overview of revolutions and state formation in Europe between 1789-1871. It discusses theories of revolution and state formation, including Marxist and Weberian perspectives. It also outlines the major historical developments in this period, including the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the Industrial Revolution, the rise of nationalism and nation-building, and the development of individual states like Britain, France, Austria and Russia.
His 2002 Ch 14
1) The Protestant Reformation divided Christianity into Catholic and Protestant groups in 16th century Europe. Martin Luther criticized the Catholic Church and started the Lutheran movement in Germany.
2) Absolute monarchies developed in the 17th century in response to religious wars and economic/social crises. Kings like Louis XIV of France consolidated power and centralized state authority.
3) Enlightenment ideas and developments in science and philosophy challenged traditional religious and political authorities in the 17th-18th centuries.
Ch 23 Ideologies and Upheavals
Post Napoleonic Europe and the plan by Metternich for a conservative European order. Also features characteristics of Romantic movement.
Origin of Nation State
The document traces the origin and development of the nation state system from the 16th century to present day. It discusses the rise of early nation states in Europe like Portugal, Spain, Britain and France. Key events and agreements that shaped the nation state system include the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), Utrecht Treaty (1713), Congress of Vienna (1815), and the two World Wars (1914-1918 and 1939-1945) which led to the dissolution of old empires and emergence of new nation states. The modern nation state is characterized by territoriality, a sense of nationality, sovereignty, and equal recognition under international law.
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire rose to power in the 15th century by conquering Constantinople in 1453 and making it their capital Istanbul. Over the next centuries, the Ottomans expanded their empire to control much of the Middle East, Egypt, the Balkans, and parts of Russia and Europe. Their military success was due to technologies like cannons and skilled soldiers. At its peak in the 16th century under Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire entered a Golden Age and established a government and legal system. However, problems later emerged such as poor leadership and corruption, and the empire declined as European powers industrialized while the Ottomans remained agricultural.
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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A Prime Location
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Leonardo DiCaprio House: Hollywood Hills Hideaway
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Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
Design and Amenities
The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
Environmental Initiatives
The Hollywood Hills house incorporates several green features that are in line with DiCaprio's environmental values. The home has solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and a rainwater harvesting system. Additionally, the landscaping designed to support local wildlife and promote
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The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
Introduction
The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
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