This document discusses the negative impacts of legalized gambling, especially lotteries, on low-income individuals. It notes that low-income people spend a disproportionate amount of their income on gambling and lotteries. While states often turn to gambling to address budget shortfalls, gambling revenues are an unreliable source that do not grow consistently. Jobs in the gambling industry also tend to be low-paying. Lottery funds often do not support social services that benefit the poor. The document concludes that legalizing gambling would likely exacerbate social and economic problems for disadvantaged populations in Hawaii.
There is debate around whether gambling is good for state economies. While gambling does not create new goods or wealth, proponents argue that it provides utility to consumers. Gambling can foster economic development by providing jobs and tax revenue, as seen in Las Vegas. However, the social costs of problem gambling may offset economic benefits. Additionally, casinos owned by out-of-state interests may lead to wealth leaving the state. Overall, gambling has mixed economic impacts, though short-term job creation could offset long-term effects if revenue is reinvested locally.
Impact of Expanded Gambling in New HampshireSteven Clift
Impact of Expanded Gambling in New Hampshire
Understanding Markets, Revenues, Social Costs and Economic Impact
What’s At Stake
Discussion Guide Materials
See: http://whatsatstake.unh.edu
Over fifty years ago, the Beatles instructed America’s youth in financial matters of the heart, singing “Money Can’t Buy Me Love.” Years later, then Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, while addressing graduates of the University of South Carolina, gave the optimistic students a similar message, perhaps one that they were not prepared to hear; money can’t buy you happiness, Bernanke instructed the Columbia, S.C. crowd and said:
This document discusses commonalities and distinctions between casino gaming and gentlemen's clubs as libertarian hospitality businesses. Key points include:
1) Both industries are experiential and difficult to replicate due to their visceral nature, though they are expanding online.
2) The businesses geographically disperse locations but also cluster them, and target specific customer segments.
3) As "vice" industries, they sometimes face opposition from local communities through NIMBYism.
The document provides an overview of the similarities and differences in business models between casinos and gentlemen's clubs.
This document provides demographic and economic data about low-income households in the United States. Some key points:
- Approximately 44.5 million households, or 42% of all US households, earn less than $35,000 per year. 9.5% of these households, around 8.4-9.6 million, do not have a bank account.
- Those without bank accounts tend to have annual incomes under $25,000, be headed by someone with less than a high school education, and are disproportionately African American or Hispanic.
- These unbanked households use alternative financial services like check cashers and payday lenders, despite their high fees, because mainstream banks' products do not meet
This document discusses the negative effects of alcohol consumption from both a health and societal perspective. It summarizes research showing that even moderate alcohol usage impairs physical and mental efficiency. Laboratory experiments demonstrate losses in coordination, judgement and perception after small doses of alcohol. The document also argues that states do not truly benefit financially from taxing the liquor industry, as revenues are offset by losses to productivity and health care costs. Both beer and wine are said to negatively impact health, with beer specifically linked to diseases of the stomach, kidneys, heart and blood vessels by medical experts. Overall, the document portrays alcohol as detrimental to both individuals and societies.
The document is a contribution form for the UN Global Compact initiative. It requests contact and organization information from contributors and provides suggested annual contribution amounts based on company annual sales/revenue. Payment can be made via credit card online, check, ACH, money order, or wire transfer. Subscribing to the monthly bulletin is also an option.
The document discusses potential funding sources for a proposed Philadelphia Public Bank by examining the city's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). The CAFR reveals billions in largely untapped liquid assets and the sizable pension funds, which could provide start-up capital and long-term deposits for the bank. Redirecting a small portion of pension investments and reallocating some city funds and assets could sufficiently capitalize the bank. The public bank could offer safer, more stable returns than some current pension investments while also promoting local jobs and businesses.
There is debate around whether gambling is good for state economies. While gambling does not create new goods or wealth, proponents argue that it provides utility to consumers. Gambling can foster economic development by providing jobs and tax revenue, as seen in Las Vegas. However, the social costs of problem gambling may offset economic benefits. Additionally, casinos owned by out-of-state interests may lead to wealth leaving the state. Overall, gambling has mixed economic impacts, though short-term job creation could offset long-term effects if revenue is reinvested locally.
Impact of Expanded Gambling in New HampshireSteven Clift
Impact of Expanded Gambling in New Hampshire
Understanding Markets, Revenues, Social Costs and Economic Impact
What’s At Stake
Discussion Guide Materials
See: http://whatsatstake.unh.edu
Over fifty years ago, the Beatles instructed America’s youth in financial matters of the heart, singing “Money Can’t Buy Me Love.” Years later, then Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, while addressing graduates of the University of South Carolina, gave the optimistic students a similar message, perhaps one that they were not prepared to hear; money can’t buy you happiness, Bernanke instructed the Columbia, S.C. crowd and said:
This document discusses commonalities and distinctions between casino gaming and gentlemen's clubs as libertarian hospitality businesses. Key points include:
1) Both industries are experiential and difficult to replicate due to their visceral nature, though they are expanding online.
2) The businesses geographically disperse locations but also cluster them, and target specific customer segments.
3) As "vice" industries, they sometimes face opposition from local communities through NIMBYism.
The document provides an overview of the similarities and differences in business models between casinos and gentlemen's clubs.
This document provides demographic and economic data about low-income households in the United States. Some key points:
- Approximately 44.5 million households, or 42% of all US households, earn less than $35,000 per year. 9.5% of these households, around 8.4-9.6 million, do not have a bank account.
- Those without bank accounts tend to have annual incomes under $25,000, be headed by someone with less than a high school education, and are disproportionately African American or Hispanic.
- These unbanked households use alternative financial services like check cashers and payday lenders, despite their high fees, because mainstream banks' products do not meet
This document discusses the negative effects of alcohol consumption from both a health and societal perspective. It summarizes research showing that even moderate alcohol usage impairs physical and mental efficiency. Laboratory experiments demonstrate losses in coordination, judgement and perception after small doses of alcohol. The document also argues that states do not truly benefit financially from taxing the liquor industry, as revenues are offset by losses to productivity and health care costs. Both beer and wine are said to negatively impact health, with beer specifically linked to diseases of the stomach, kidneys, heart and blood vessels by medical experts. Overall, the document portrays alcohol as detrimental to both individuals and societies.
The document is a contribution form for the UN Global Compact initiative. It requests contact and organization information from contributors and provides suggested annual contribution amounts based on company annual sales/revenue. Payment can be made via credit card online, check, ACH, money order, or wire transfer. Subscribing to the monthly bulletin is also an option.
The document discusses potential funding sources for a proposed Philadelphia Public Bank by examining the city's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). The CAFR reveals billions in largely untapped liquid assets and the sizable pension funds, which could provide start-up capital and long-term deposits for the bank. Redirecting a small portion of pension investments and reallocating some city funds and assets could sufficiently capitalize the bank. The public bank could offer safer, more stable returns than some current pension investments while also promoting local jobs and businesses.
Hawaii's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate fell to 6.4% in February 2012, down from 6.5% in January and the lowest level in three years. Initial claims for unemployment benefits were down 7% from a year ago while total weeks claimed declined 5%. Job gains occurred in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, construction, and trade, transportation, and utilities over the month. Total nonfarm jobs have increased by 2,900 or 0.5% compared to February 2011, with the largest gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, and financial activities.
D yanich, local tv & shared services agreements, honoluluHonolulu Civil Beat
This document summarizes a research study analyzing the impact of a Shared Services Agreement (SSA) among three television stations in Honolulu, Hawaii. The SSA combined the news operations of stations KIVE, KHNL and KGMB into a single entity called Hawaii News Now. The study examines any differences in the content and distribution of stories between the SSA stations and non-SSA stations before and after the SSA took effect through a content analysis of newscasts. The goal is to test claims that the SSA would negatively impact news diversity and competition in the market.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document is a court order denying a motion from defendants Alec and Mike Sou for attorneys' fees and expenses under the Hyde Amendment. It provides background on the criminal case against the Sous, including that they initially pled guilty but later withdrew their pleas after the court rejected their plea agreements. It then describes how the government dismissed all charges against the Sous after a witness testified inaccurately during trial about the legality of recruiting fees. The court applies the legal standard under the Hyde Amendment and denies the Sous' motion, finding that their arguments do not establish that the government's position was vexatious, frivolous, or in bad faith.
The document provides information about an upcoming vote by members of the Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) on whether to approve the KIUC board's decision to hire the consulting firm Free Flow Power Corp. to help develop hydroelectric power projects. Voters have three options to cast their ballot - online, by telephone, or by mail. The KIUC board encourages members to vote yes to support the board's leadership and continued efforts to develop more renewable energy like hydroelectric power, which would be owned by KIUC members. A no vote would terminate contracts with Free Flow Power and make future hydroelectric development on Kauai more difficult and expensive.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document summarizes the key points from Sanjeev Bhagowalia's presentation on transforming Hawaii's state government IT and information resource management (IRM). It discusses conducting an assessment that found aging technology and processes, resource shortages, and disconnected efforts across departments. The presentation recommends focusing first on 4 areas: enterprise focus, governance, reengineering business processes, and strengthening technical infrastructure. It identifies candidates for early cross-cutting enterprise solutions and lays out a notional transformation framework and schedule. The goal is providing access to the right information securely and reliably across the state.
This report provides an Asia-Pacific economic forecast and analysis of key issues that will influence regional economies and Hawaii over the coming decade. In the near-term, slowing growth is expected in most Asia-Pacific economies due to challenges in Western economies. Longer-term trends discussed include Japan's recovery from the 2011 earthquake, population aging in Korea and other Asian countries, emerging economies' exposure to Western economic shocks through global supply chains, and China's transition to a consumer economy. The report also examines implications for Hawaii tourism and broader economic policy in an Asia-Pacific century.
Gambling involves wagering money or goods on events with uncertain outcomes in order to win more money or goods. There are three types of gambling: recreational gambling which is for fun and has no negative impacts; problem gambling which negatively impacts individuals, families, and work; and pathological gambling which involves compulsive behavior and can destroy lives. While gambling provides benefits like tourism, employment, and tax revenue, it also poses risks such as financial strain, depression, criminal activity, and negative impacts on children.
Gambling and its different types of gamblingVadivelM9
This document discusses types of gambling and the pros and cons of gambling. It outlines three types of gambling: recreational gambling which has no negative impacts; problem gambling which negatively impacts individuals and families; and pathological gambling which can destroy lives and lead to financial ruin and crime. The document also lists various types of gambling games and activities. Some pros of gambling discussed include benefits to tourism, employment, health, charity fundraising, entertainment, and tax revenue. However, the cons outlined are financial strain, depression, criminal activity, and negative impacts on children.
Casino gambling in Albania, economic growth, social costs and its relationshi...Menada Petro
This document summarizes a study on the psychosocial effects of gambling in Albania. It addresses the economic growth and social costs of casino gambling, as well as its relationship to crime. The study examines these issues in three regions of Albania through questionnaires, interviews, and analysis of literature and official data. While gambling has economic benefits, it also imposes social and economic costs through problems like addiction, bankruptcy, and criminal behavior driven by financial losses. The study faces difficulties due to a lack of prior research and official gambling statistics in Albania. It recommends policies like licensing casinos in less populated areas and providing counseling services to address gambling issues.
“A lot of people go through life thinking that they don't have any control, that life is just happening to them. But that's not true.” - Jason Silva
“Another way to lose control is to ignore something when you should address it.” - Jim Evans
A study commissioned by Danville Regional Foundation in Danville, VA to review the potential impacts of a proposed casino entertainment complex by Fourth Economy Consulting.
Gambling provides significant economic benefits. It increases tourism as casinos draw visitors who boost local economies. Gambling also creates many jobs directly through casinos and indirectly through related businesses. Gambling generates substantial tax revenue for states and communities. However, gambling also has social costs like problem gambling and bankruptcy that affect individuals and families. Overall, the economic benefits of gambling through increased tourism, employment, and tax revenue outweigh these costs.
This document discusses the issue of whether gambling should be legalized. It outlines different types of gambling, including recreational, problem, and compulsive gambling. The document lists potential pros of legalizing gambling such as increased tourism, employment, and tax revenue. However, it also discusses cons such as financial strain, depression, criminal activity, and negative impacts on children. It concludes by saying that while gambling may provide extra tax revenue, it also brings social costs. The document suggests solutions such as establishing a gambling regulatory authority and locating casinos in remote areas.
The gambling industry generates livelihood for around 1 million Americans and job satisfaction of around 90% of those employees, higher than many other industries. While physical casinos in California have seen reduced attendance, online gambling has increased and gambling laws are being adjusted accordingly. Las Vegas remains the top gambling destination in the US, with gambling as Nevada's highest revenue generator through activities like casinos, sports betting, and more. Even traditionally conservative investors are allocating funds to the profitable gambling industry. India's gambling market is also growing despite conservative laws.
Us economy goldilocks- 4th oct 2007 published in singapore timessatya saurabh khosla
The author's article that appeared in Business Times, Singapore on Oct 4, 2007 stated that USA Housing, low interest rates and derivatives will lead the global economy into a recession
This document summarizes the key findings of the 2008 National Gambling Report on consumer attitudes and behaviors in Canada. It finds that while most Canadians gamble responsibly, participation in gambling such as lotteries and casinos remains widespread. Nearly half of Canadians report knowing someone with a potential gambling problem. The report also examines views on new forms of gambling and government regulation of the industry.
Pwc Report "Global Gaming Outlook 2015"Oliver Grave
This document provides an executive summary of key trends in the global casino gaming and online gaming industries from 2010 to 2015. It finds that while global casino gaming revenues grew 9.6% in 2010, regions varied significantly with EMEA declining 7.2% and North America growing only 0.2%. In stark contrast, Asia Pacific revenues leapt 49.7% in 2010 driven by new capacity in Macau and Singapore. The document also notes that Asia Pacific is projected to surpass North America as the largest casino market by 2013. Online gaming is discussed but no revenue projections are provided due to legal and regulatory uncertainties.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Legalizing Casino Gambling in Virginia
MGT 5064Cost and Economic Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Modern legalized gambling in the United States has been on the rise in states and tribal
lands since the passing of Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988. It spread from tribal origins to
the riverboats of the Mississippi Delta to land-based facilities in states. This spread of legalized
gambling has created numerous concerns exist about legalizing gambling such as the potential
for increased crime, reduced productivity, and domestic and personal problems among other ills.
Conceptually, many issues in regional public economics and cost benefit analysis are illustrated
by an analysis of gambling; among them the role of government revenue, social costs based on
the actions of non-normal gamblers, employment benefits, and uncertainty about quantitative
measures. However, any decision which results in a major policy change such as legalizing
gambling should be supported or refuted with a well thought out cost benefit analysis so policy
decision makers have the right information from which to decide.
This paper will explore implementing legalized casino gambling in Virginia by providing
a cost benefit analysis of the data leading to a conclusion that is based on quantitative measures.
The proposed site for this establishment is the Eastern Shore of Virginia where a primarily
agricultural economy has been in a down turn and unemployment is higher than the state
average. The proposed facility will have both Video Lottery Terminals (slot machines) and table
games which together have proven to have the most revenue. The method used to produce the
cost benefit analysis will be the nine major steps outlined by Boardman et al. (2011) in Cost-
Benefit Analysis Concepts and Practice. The theory is the revenue and other benefits generated
for the state and public would outweigh the cost to society.
BACKGROUND
The state of Maryland currently has five operating casinos and one under construction.
Data from these operations will be used as a market analogy method to determine the costs and
benefits of this proposed policy change. According to the Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control
Agency, Maryland’s casinos contribute hundreds of millions of dollars annually to state
programs. Casinos in Maryland have contributed more than $1 billion in profit to the Education
Trust Fund, which supports pre-K through 12 public education, public school and higher-
education construction and capital improvements including community colleges. (Maryland
Lottery and Gaming Control Agency, 2015) Casino profits also support local impact grants,
racing industry purses and small, minority and women-owned businesses. The casinos created
thousands of new jobs and made the communities in which they are located more attractive to
new businesses. (Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency, 2015) With t.
Hawaii's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate fell to 6.4% in February 2012, down from 6.5% in January and the lowest level in three years. Initial claims for unemployment benefits were down 7% from a year ago while total weeks claimed declined 5%. Job gains occurred in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, construction, and trade, transportation, and utilities over the month. Total nonfarm jobs have increased by 2,900 or 0.5% compared to February 2011, with the largest gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, and financial activities.
D yanich, local tv & shared services agreements, honoluluHonolulu Civil Beat
This document summarizes a research study analyzing the impact of a Shared Services Agreement (SSA) among three television stations in Honolulu, Hawaii. The SSA combined the news operations of stations KIVE, KHNL and KGMB into a single entity called Hawaii News Now. The study examines any differences in the content and distribution of stories between the SSA stations and non-SSA stations before and after the SSA took effect through a content analysis of newscasts. The goal is to test claims that the SSA would negatively impact news diversity and competition in the market.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document is a court order denying a motion from defendants Alec and Mike Sou for attorneys' fees and expenses under the Hyde Amendment. It provides background on the criminal case against the Sous, including that they initially pled guilty but later withdrew their pleas after the court rejected their plea agreements. It then describes how the government dismissed all charges against the Sous after a witness testified inaccurately during trial about the legality of recruiting fees. The court applies the legal standard under the Hyde Amendment and denies the Sous' motion, finding that their arguments do not establish that the government's position was vexatious, frivolous, or in bad faith.
The document provides information about an upcoming vote by members of the Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) on whether to approve the KIUC board's decision to hire the consulting firm Free Flow Power Corp. to help develop hydroelectric power projects. Voters have three options to cast their ballot - online, by telephone, or by mail. The KIUC board encourages members to vote yes to support the board's leadership and continued efforts to develop more renewable energy like hydroelectric power, which would be owned by KIUC members. A no vote would terminate contracts with Free Flow Power and make future hydroelectric development on Kauai more difficult and expensive.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document summarizes the key points from Sanjeev Bhagowalia's presentation on transforming Hawaii's state government IT and information resource management (IRM). It discusses conducting an assessment that found aging technology and processes, resource shortages, and disconnected efforts across departments. The presentation recommends focusing first on 4 areas: enterprise focus, governance, reengineering business processes, and strengthening technical infrastructure. It identifies candidates for early cross-cutting enterprise solutions and lays out a notional transformation framework and schedule. The goal is providing access to the right information securely and reliably across the state.
This report provides an Asia-Pacific economic forecast and analysis of key issues that will influence regional economies and Hawaii over the coming decade. In the near-term, slowing growth is expected in most Asia-Pacific economies due to challenges in Western economies. Longer-term trends discussed include Japan's recovery from the 2011 earthquake, population aging in Korea and other Asian countries, emerging economies' exposure to Western economic shocks through global supply chains, and China's transition to a consumer economy. The report also examines implications for Hawaii tourism and broader economic policy in an Asia-Pacific century.
Gambling involves wagering money or goods on events with uncertain outcomes in order to win more money or goods. There are three types of gambling: recreational gambling which is for fun and has no negative impacts; problem gambling which negatively impacts individuals, families, and work; and pathological gambling which involves compulsive behavior and can destroy lives. While gambling provides benefits like tourism, employment, and tax revenue, it also poses risks such as financial strain, depression, criminal activity, and negative impacts on children.
Gambling and its different types of gamblingVadivelM9
This document discusses types of gambling and the pros and cons of gambling. It outlines three types of gambling: recreational gambling which has no negative impacts; problem gambling which negatively impacts individuals and families; and pathological gambling which can destroy lives and lead to financial ruin and crime. The document also lists various types of gambling games and activities. Some pros of gambling discussed include benefits to tourism, employment, health, charity fundraising, entertainment, and tax revenue. However, the cons outlined are financial strain, depression, criminal activity, and negative impacts on children.
Casino gambling in Albania, economic growth, social costs and its relationshi...Menada Petro
This document summarizes a study on the psychosocial effects of gambling in Albania. It addresses the economic growth and social costs of casino gambling, as well as its relationship to crime. The study examines these issues in three regions of Albania through questionnaires, interviews, and analysis of literature and official data. While gambling has economic benefits, it also imposes social and economic costs through problems like addiction, bankruptcy, and criminal behavior driven by financial losses. The study faces difficulties due to a lack of prior research and official gambling statistics in Albania. It recommends policies like licensing casinos in less populated areas and providing counseling services to address gambling issues.
“A lot of people go through life thinking that they don't have any control, that life is just happening to them. But that's not true.” - Jason Silva
“Another way to lose control is to ignore something when you should address it.” - Jim Evans
A study commissioned by Danville Regional Foundation in Danville, VA to review the potential impacts of a proposed casino entertainment complex by Fourth Economy Consulting.
Gambling provides significant economic benefits. It increases tourism as casinos draw visitors who boost local economies. Gambling also creates many jobs directly through casinos and indirectly through related businesses. Gambling generates substantial tax revenue for states and communities. However, gambling also has social costs like problem gambling and bankruptcy that affect individuals and families. Overall, the economic benefits of gambling through increased tourism, employment, and tax revenue outweigh these costs.
This document discusses the issue of whether gambling should be legalized. It outlines different types of gambling, including recreational, problem, and compulsive gambling. The document lists potential pros of legalizing gambling such as increased tourism, employment, and tax revenue. However, it also discusses cons such as financial strain, depression, criminal activity, and negative impacts on children. It concludes by saying that while gambling may provide extra tax revenue, it also brings social costs. The document suggests solutions such as establishing a gambling regulatory authority and locating casinos in remote areas.
The gambling industry generates livelihood for around 1 million Americans and job satisfaction of around 90% of those employees, higher than many other industries. While physical casinos in California have seen reduced attendance, online gambling has increased and gambling laws are being adjusted accordingly. Las Vegas remains the top gambling destination in the US, with gambling as Nevada's highest revenue generator through activities like casinos, sports betting, and more. Even traditionally conservative investors are allocating funds to the profitable gambling industry. India's gambling market is also growing despite conservative laws.
Us economy goldilocks- 4th oct 2007 published in singapore timessatya saurabh khosla
The author's article that appeared in Business Times, Singapore on Oct 4, 2007 stated that USA Housing, low interest rates and derivatives will lead the global economy into a recession
This document summarizes the key findings of the 2008 National Gambling Report on consumer attitudes and behaviors in Canada. It finds that while most Canadians gamble responsibly, participation in gambling such as lotteries and casinos remains widespread. Nearly half of Canadians report knowing someone with a potential gambling problem. The report also examines views on new forms of gambling and government regulation of the industry.
Pwc Report "Global Gaming Outlook 2015"Oliver Grave
This document provides an executive summary of key trends in the global casino gaming and online gaming industries from 2010 to 2015. It finds that while global casino gaming revenues grew 9.6% in 2010, regions varied significantly with EMEA declining 7.2% and North America growing only 0.2%. In stark contrast, Asia Pacific revenues leapt 49.7% in 2010 driven by new capacity in Macau and Singapore. The document also notes that Asia Pacific is projected to surpass North America as the largest casino market by 2013. Online gaming is discussed but no revenue projections are provided due to legal and regulatory uncertainties.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Legalizing Casino Gambling in Virginia
MGT 5064Cost and Economic Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Modern legalized gambling in the United States has been on the rise in states and tribal
lands since the passing of Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988. It spread from tribal origins to
the riverboats of the Mississippi Delta to land-based facilities in states. This spread of legalized
gambling has created numerous concerns exist about legalizing gambling such as the potential
for increased crime, reduced productivity, and domestic and personal problems among other ills.
Conceptually, many issues in regional public economics and cost benefit analysis are illustrated
by an analysis of gambling; among them the role of government revenue, social costs based on
the actions of non-normal gamblers, employment benefits, and uncertainty about quantitative
measures. However, any decision which results in a major policy change such as legalizing
gambling should be supported or refuted with a well thought out cost benefit analysis so policy
decision makers have the right information from which to decide.
This paper will explore implementing legalized casino gambling in Virginia by providing
a cost benefit analysis of the data leading to a conclusion that is based on quantitative measures.
The proposed site for this establishment is the Eastern Shore of Virginia where a primarily
agricultural economy has been in a down turn and unemployment is higher than the state
average. The proposed facility will have both Video Lottery Terminals (slot machines) and table
games which together have proven to have the most revenue. The method used to produce the
cost benefit analysis will be the nine major steps outlined by Boardman et al. (2011) in Cost-
Benefit Analysis Concepts and Practice. The theory is the revenue and other benefits generated
for the state and public would outweigh the cost to society.
BACKGROUND
The state of Maryland currently has five operating casinos and one under construction.
Data from these operations will be used as a market analogy method to determine the costs and
benefits of this proposed policy change. According to the Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control
Agency, Maryland’s casinos contribute hundreds of millions of dollars annually to state
programs. Casinos in Maryland have contributed more than $1 billion in profit to the Education
Trust Fund, which supports pre-K through 12 public education, public school and higher-
education construction and capital improvements including community colleges. (Maryland
Lottery and Gaming Control Agency, 2015) Casino profits also support local impact grants,
racing industry purses and small, minority and women-owned businesses. The casinos created
thousands of new jobs and made the communities in which they are located more attractive to
new businesses. (Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency, 2015) With t.
Netherland Antilles, Dutch Antilles, these islands banking systems seem under...SantaCruzSaint
The document discusses the economic and social costs of corruption. It states that corruption corrodes institutions, undermines legitimacy and credibility of the state, discourages investment, and raises costs of doing business. As a result, corruption obstructs economic growth and development, disproportionately impacting the poor. From development agencies' perspectives, corruption reduces impact of international assistance. The document argues that corruption signifies broader governance problems and weaknesses in the rule of law. It notes that solutions must also be broad and will take a long time, as the rule of law is fostered by democratic and accountability reforms brought by society, not just governments.
The South African gambling industry and its regulation were reviewed by a Gambling Review Commission. The Commission assessed the social and economic impacts of the industry since 1996. Key findings included that gambling participation increases with income, problem gambling has stabilized at 4.8%, and youth gambling is a concern. The regulatory framework was found to have inconsistencies across provinces and regulators struggled to fulfill mandates. Recommendations included continuing the existing regulatory approaches, introducing new limits on certain gambling activities, addressing inconsistencies in regulation, and regulating emerging forms of gambling like online gambling.
- The document is an open letter discussing investment strategies and critiquing conventional financial models.
- It summarizes the performance of several of the author's investment portfolios over various time periods, showing returns from 16.91% to 23.34% per year.
- The author argues that conventional economic models and the financial industry more broadly do not adequately account for key factors like credit availability that drive business performance, and instead rely on ineffective strategies like "coin tossing."
Establishment of casinos by First Nations - MKing - 2014Myron King
This document provides an overview of casinos established by First Nations groups in Canada as a means to boost economic security and independence. It discusses both the positive perspectives and risks associated with this approach. Positively, casinos can generate substantial revenues for communities and funding for programs and infrastructure, mirroring successful examples from Native American tribes in the US. However, casinos also bring social risks like higher rates of problem gambling in indigenous communities. The document explores both sides of this complex issue around First Nations pursuing casinos as an economic development strategy.
Financial scams targeting seniors are on the rise, with annual losses from elder financial fraud jumping 12% to $2.9 billion between 2008 and 2010. Common scams include grandparent scams where scammers pretend to be a grandchild in need of money, free lunch investment seminars that peddle unsuitable high-fee investments, and Medicare fraud where scammers steal seniors' personal information to bill Medicare. Experts warn seniors to be wary of sweepstakes that require payment of fees to claim prizes, suspicious phone calls seeking financial information, and charity scams that emerge after disasters.
The document summarizes a parable told by Charles Munger about a fictional island nation called Basicland that comes to financial ruin due to widespread casino gambling and unsustainable debt levels. Over time, casino gambling grows to consume 25% of the nation's GDP. When economic shocks hit, Basicland is unable to adjust and falls into crisis as politicians and economists ignore warnings about the dangers of rampant speculation. Basicland serves as a cautionary tale about the risks of excessive gambling and debt.
THE EFFECTS OF GAMING TAXATION ON CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN GAMING BUSINESSES Jeremy Pollock
This document is a literature review for a professional paper examining the effects of gaming taxation on capital investment in gaming businesses. It discusses several key topics from the relevant literature, including how tax rates can impact capital investment levels, the importance of jurisdiction size, differences in tax rate negotiations, economic theory related to casino operations, broader societal impacts of tax rates, and specific case studies of different jurisdictions. The goal of the paper is to analyze how gaming tax rates influence capital investment decisions and the resulting economic effects.
Gov. Ige sent a letter to California Congresswoman Anna Eshoo in response to her August 2020 request for information about Hawaii's pandemic response.
https://www.civilbeat.org/2020/08/california-congresswoman-wants-answers-on-hawaiis-virus-response-effort/
Audit of the Department of the Honolulu Prosecuting Attorney’s Policies, Proc...Honolulu Civil Beat
This audit was conducted pursuant to Resolution 19-255,
requesting the city auditor to conduct a performance audit of the Honolulu Police Department and the Department of the Prosecuting Attorney’s policies and procedures related to employee misconduct.
Audit of the Honolulu Police Department’s Policies, Procedures, and ControlsHonolulu Civil Beat
The audit objectives were to:
1. Evaluate the effectiveness of HPD’s existing policies, procedures, and controls to identify and respond to complaints or incidents concerning misconduct, retaliation, favoritism, and abuses of power by its management and employees;
2. Evaluate the effectiveness of HPD's management control environment and practices to correct errors and prevent any misconduct, retaliation, favoritism, and abuses of power by its
management and employees; and
3. Make recommendations to improve HPD’s policies, procedures, and controls to minimize and avoid future managerial and operational breakdowns caused by similar misconduct.
The report summarizes use of force incidents by the Honolulu Police Department in 2019. There were 2,354 reported incidents, an increase from 2018. Physical confrontation techniques were used most often (53% of applications). The most common types of incidents requiring force were simple assault (13.4%), mental health cases (13.2%), and miscellaneous public cases (6.7%). Most incidents occurred on Mondays and Saturdays between midnight and 1:59am and involved males aged 34 on average, with the largest proportion being Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (34.5%).
The Office of Health Equity aims to eliminate health disparities in Hawaii. Its vision is for policies and programs to improve the health of underserved groups. Its mission is to increase the capacity of Hawaii's health department and providers to eliminate disparities and improve quality of life. The office identifies disparities, recommends actions to the health director, and coordinates related activities and programs. It works to establish partnerships, identify health needs, develop culturally appropriate interventions, and promote national health objectives. The office's strategic goals are to increase awareness of disparities, strengthen leadership, improve outcomes through social determinants, improve cultural competency, and improve research coordination.
The document calls for unity and collaboration between Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities in Hawaii to address COVID-19. It summarizes that government leaders have failed citizens by being slow to respond to the crisis, not working together effectively, and one in three COVID cases impacting Pacific Islanders. It calls on officials to take stronger, transparent leadership and get resources like contact tracers deployed quickly from Pacific Islander communities. Each day without action will lead to more cases, hospitalizations and deaths. It establishes a response team to improve COVID data and policies for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities.
This letter from the ACLU of Hawaii to the Honolulu Police Department raises concerns about racial disparities in HPD's enforcement of COVID-19 orders and use of force. It cites data showing Micronesians, Black people, Samoans and those experiencing homelessness were disproportionately arrested. It recommends HPD end aggressive enforcement of minor offenses, racial profiling, and using arrest statistics to measure performance. It also calls for implicit bias training, data collection and transparency regarding police stops, searches and arrests.
This letter from the ACLU of Hawaii to the Honolulu Police Department raises concerns about racial disparities in HPD's enforcement of COVID-19 orders and use of force. It cites data showing Micronesians, Black people, Samoans and those experiencing homelessness were disproportionately arrested. It recommends HPD end aggressive enforcement of minor offenses, racial profiling, and using arrest statistics to measure performance. It also calls for implicit bias training, data collection and transparency regarding police stops, searches and arrests.
This document is a complaint filed in circuit court by Jane Doe against The Rehabilitation Hospital of the Pacific and several individuals. Jane Doe alleges she has experienced discrimination and harassment at her job as a physical therapist at Rehab Hospital based on her sexual orientation. She lists several causes of action against the defendants and is seeking damages for the harm to her career and emotional distress caused by the defendants' actions.
This document provides guidance for large or extended families living together during the COVID-19 pandemic. It recommends designating one or two household members who are not at high risk to run necessary errands. When leaving the house, those individuals should avoid crowds, maintain social distancing, frequently wash hands, avoid touching surfaces, and wear cloth face coverings. The document also provides tips for protecting high-risk household members, children, caring for sick members, isolating the sick, and eating meals together while feeding a sick person.
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) requests that the State of Hawaii prioritize collecting and reporting disaggregated data on Native Hawaiians relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, OHA asks for disaggregated data from the Departments of Health, Labor and Industrial Relations, and Human Services on topics like COVID-19 cases, unemployment claims, and applications for assistance programs. Disaggregated data is critical to understand how the pandemic is impacting Native Hawaiians and to direct resources most effectively. OHA also requests information on how race data is currently collected by these agencies.
The CLA audit of OHA from 2012-2016 found significant issues in OHA's procurement processes and identified $7.8 million across 32 transactions as potentially fraudulent, wasteful, or abusive. The audit found 85% of transactions reviewed contained issues of noncompliance with policies and laws, while 17% (32 transactions) were flagged as "red flags". Common issues included missing procurement documents, lack of evidence that contractors delivered on obligations, and contracts incorrectly classified as exempt from competitive bidding. The audit provides a roadmap for OHA to investigate potential wrongdoing and implement reforms to address deficiencies.
This document provides a list of pro bono legal service providers for immigration courts in Honolulu, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, as of the January 2018 revision date, there are no registered pro bono legal organizations for the immigration courts in Honolulu, Hawaii, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands. The document also notes that the Executive Office for Immigration Review maintains this list of qualified pro bono legal service providers as required by regulation, but that it does not endorse or participate in the work of the listed organizations.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Mayor Kirk Caldwell issued a statement regarding the construction of a multi-purpose field at Waimānalo Bay Beach Park. City Council member Ikaika Anderson had requested halting all grubbing work until September 15 out of concern for the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat. However, the environmental assessment states grubbing of woody plants over 15 feet tall should not occur after June 1 to protect young bats. The city contractor will finish grubbing by the end of May as required. Canceling the contract would cost $300,000 in taxpayer money. Therefore, the city will proceed with completing Phase 1, including a multi-purpose field, play area, and parking lot, for $1.43 million, and will review additional
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1. GAMBLING
WITH PARADISE
Why Casinos and Lotteries Are Bad Bets for Hawai‘i
A Hawai‘i Appleseed Center Inside:
for Law and Economic Justice Gambling isn’t a state budget cure-all 3
Policy Brief: Lottery revenues are regressive 5
Gambling can exacerbate social evils 8
Legalized Gambling’s Effects Casinos often target Asian Americans 11
On Low-Income Individuals Conclusion: Legalization is harmful 12
February 2012
2. Legalized Gambling’s Effects
on Low-Income Individuals
W
HILE MANY STATES HAVE LOOKED TO LEGALIZED
gambling, lotteries and casinos to bolster their budgets, the
effects of gambling on low-income and disadvantaged
individuals have received inadequate consideration.
Empirical evidence from around the country demonstrates the disproportionate
negative impacts that legalized gambling and lotteries have on low-income
individuals.
First, legalized gambling and lotteries are unlikely to solve Hawai‘i’s
economic problems. Gambling is not a sustainable source of revenue,
and in Hawai’i's unique tourism economy, money spent on gambling is
money not being spent on other forms of recreation and entertainment.
Based on other states’ models, even if the state were to realize economic
gains, gambling revenue is unlikely to fund services for the poor.
Promises of job creation are also overblown, given that most gaming-
related work is in the service sector. Nationally, the average hourly
wages for jobs in the casino industry are $11.25, not even matching the
$11.59 needed to meet the self-sufficiency standard for a single adult.
Second, not only do low-income people fail to receive many benefits
from gambling revenues, but they bear the brunt of gambling’s economic
harms. Gaming and lotteries function as a regressive “tax” on low income
people who ultimately pay higher percentages of their income toward
the fees and taxes levied on gambling. Lotteries are a major concern
because they are readily accessible throughout the state, and low-
income people have consistently been shown to spend a larger share of
their money on lottery tickets than do higher earners.
Finally, the presence of casinos tends to increase problem or
pathological gambling, particularly for residents of disadvantaged, low-
income neighborhoods. Excessive gambling is associated with a variety
of social problems, including job loss, substance abuse, crime, divorce,
child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, and homelessness, all of
Cover photo: Is
which worsen the plight of people in poverty. Moreover, Casinos have
this a scene from
also been shown to increase crime in the surrounding area.
the Waikiki of
the future? No, It is important to acknowledge that Hawai‘i’s unique tourism economy and
Casino Hawai‘i is population may result in very different outcomes than those on the mainland.
actually located However, the negative effects on low-income people and other disadvantaged
in the center of populations still do not support the introduction of legalized gambling or a
Sofia, Bulgaria. lottery.
2
3. Legalized gambling will not solve state budget shortfalls
The long-term growth of gambling revenues is uncertain
While states’ revenue from gambling grew rapidly from 1998 to 2008, growth
has slowed. A revenue drop in 2008 and 2009 was followed by a small increase
in 2010.1 Gambling revenue is a significant but small part of state budgets,
constituting from 2.1 to 2.5 percent of state own-source general revenues, which
include taxes and charges;2 lotteries remain the primary source of gambling
revenue among the states.3
States frequently expand gambling to cover budget shortfalls or fund new
programs, implicitly assuming that gambling revenues are similar to other
sources of revenue such as taxes. Much of the growth in gambling revenue from
1998 to 2010 is actually a result of governments expanding gambling activity.4
However, gambling revenues have grown at a significantly slower pace than
other forms of state revenue.5 At the same time, the rate of spending increases on
government programs, such as education, will generally outpace any increases in
gambling revenues.6 Ultimately, it is an unreliable source of revenue that
represents only a quick fix for the state.
Substitution effect may result in ancillary harm to businesses
Given the size of Hawai‘i’s tourism industry, the substitution or “cannibalization”
effect of legalized gambling may be particularly problematic. The potential
economic impact of a casino depends on whether or not the casino is likely to
attract tourists to the area.7 Assessing these effects is challenging: they vary
greatly by region and there are many concerns on the mainland that are unlikely
to apply to Hawai‘i.
Since Hawai‘i already has a well-established tourism industry with many
attractions, models or case studies from other states are unlikely to be entirely
1 Back in the Black: States’ Gambling Revenues Rose in 2010. Lucy Dadayan and Robert B.
Ward. The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government. June 23, 2011 at 1. Available at
http://www.rockinst.org/pdf/government_finance/2011-06-23-Back_in_the_Black.pdf.
2 Id. at 4.
3 Id. at 7.
4 Id. at 2.
5 “For The First Time, A Smaller Jackpot: Trends in State Revenue from Gambling. Lucy Dadayan and
Robert B. Ward. The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, Sept. 21, 2009 at 18. Available at
http://www.rockinst.org/pdf/government_finance/2009-09-21-No_More_Jackpot.pdf.
6 Id. at 19.
7 Memorandum. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Sept. 14, 2006 at 3. Available at
http://www.bos.frb.org/economic/neppc/memos/2006/brome091406.pdf.
3
4. analogous. Regardless, it appears likely that legalized gambling will likely result
in tourists’ spending money on gambling rather than other forms of
entertainment.
For example, in Hartford, Connecticut, the number of pop and rock music shows
at the performing arts center took a significant dive after casinos opened 50
miles away; the center is now operating at a $1 million deficit.8 Restaurants and
bars often suffer, too, since casinos typically include such amenities on-site,
making it more convenient for tourist to spend money inside the casinos.
In a state such as Hawai‘i with a very large number of tourists, gambling seems
less likely to actually attract new visitors. Given the cost of travel to Hawai‘i for
mainlanders, it is an unlikely alternative to a gambling hotspot like Las Vegas.
Thus, the cannibalization effect appears even more probable than in other states,
since gambling is unlikely to lure additional tourists, but rather would be an
alternative to spending on other forms of entertainment.
A similar displacement effect may result in reduced general excise tax revenues
and taxes on other items such as alcohol, tobacco and fuel.9 While studies have
determined different rates of displacement, they have consistently found that
sales and “sin tax” revenues fall as gambling or lottery spending rises.
Gambling does not create high-paying jobs
The national median wage in the gambling industry is $11.25,10
while the self-sufficiency income standard for a single adult
requires a wage of $11.59, and a single adult with one child must
earn $18.41 to be considered self-sufficient.11 So while legalizing
gambling can be expected to create jobs, the incomes workers
receive may fail to meet the self-sufficiency standard.
8 With casinos, theaters fear competition for big acts. Priyanak Dayal. Worcester Telegram &
Gazette, Sept. 15, 2011. Available at
http://www.telegram.com/article/20110915/NEWS/109159480.
9 Gambling in the Golden State 1998 Forward. Charlene Wear Simmons. California Research
Bureau, California State Library, May 2006 at 92-3.Available at
http://ag.ca.gov/gambling/pdfs/GS98.pdf.
10 This includes all occupations, including “white collar” positions, within the gambling
industry, not just service workers. May 2010 National Industry-Specific Occupational
Employment and Wage Estimates: Gambling Industries. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Available
at http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_713200.htm.
11 Economic self-sufficiency is defined as the amount of money that individuals and families
require to meet their basic needs without government and/or other subsidies. Self-
Sufficiency Income Standard: Estimates for Hawaii 2008. Department of Business, Economic
Development and Tourism. December 2010. Available at
http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/main/about/annual/2010-reports/self-sufficiency-2010.pdf.
4
5. Lotteries are highly regressive revenue sources
Low-income people spend more on lotteries than the affluent
Many low-income people see the lottery as their best hope of enriching
themselves, given the difficulty of surviving on low wages alone. The potential
payoff, combined with the modest price of an individual lottery ticket, is alluring.
Of course, excessive spending on the lottery can sink the poor further into
poverty. Not only does the lottery drain income, but it also promotes spending
instead of saving – what a household spends on lottery tickets could have been
invested.12
Lotteries have often been described as a “tax” because revenue from ticket sales
is higher than the prize money and the government’s expenses to run them. In
states with lotteries, people with lower incomes spend both more and larger
shares of their income on the lottery. A household making less than $12,400
spends 5 percent of its gross income playing the lottery, while a household
earning ten times as much ($124,000) spends just 0.33 percent of its income on
the lottery.13 In North Carolina, for example, the poorest counties in the state
have the highest per capita gambling rates.14
Studies around the country have demonstrated that low-income people make up
a large percentage of lottery players. A South Carolina study showed the
disparities between disadvantaged and privileged socioeconomic groups:15
People in households earning less than $40,000 are 28 percent of the state’s
population, but constitute 31.3 percent of lottery players and 53.4 percent of
frequent players.
People without a high school diploma are 8.9 percent of the population, 10.5
percent of lottery players, and 20.8 percent of frequent players.
The 25.1 percent of South Carolinians whose highest level of education is a
high school diploma or a GED are 24.3 percent of lottery players but 33.3
percent of frequent players.
Black individuals make up 19.7 percent of the population but 23.2 percent of
lottery players and 38.4 percent of frequent players.
12 A Nation in Debt: How we killed thrift, enthroned loan sharks and undermined American
prosperity. Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, 9. Available at http://stoppredatorygambling.org/wp-
content/uploads/Whitehead-A-Nation-in-Debt.pdf.
13 A Nation in Debt at 9.
14 Hope and Hard Luck. Sarah Ovaska, NC Policy Watch. Dec. 17, 2010. Available at
http://www.ncpolicywatch.com/2010/12/17/hope-and-hard-luck/.
15 S.C. studies show poor, black most likely to play lottery often. John Lyon. Arkansas News
Bureau, July 26, 2009. Available at http://arkansasnews.com/2009/07/26/sc-studies-show-
poor-blacks-most-likely-to-play-lottery-often/print/.
5
6. Serious financial issues often do not deter individuals
from purchasing lottery tickets. Given the higher
participation rates of low-income individuals, it is
unsurprising that a portion of government benefits
appears to be spent on the lottery. State lottery ticket
sales have been shown to increase during the same
week that government transfer payments for benefits
like Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and
Social Security are distributed.16 In addition, surveys from around the country
have found that about 20 percent of homeless individuals have gambling
problems, some of whom even consider gambling to be a cause of their
homelessness.17
On a broader scale, lottery revenues have historically increased in bad
economies; many state economies experienced record revenues even in 2008.18
By 2010, despite the economy remaining in poor health, gambling revenues
started to rise again.19 These seemingly incongruous figures suggest that large
segments of the population are still spending on the lottery in spite of their
financial struggles.
Lottery revenues generally do not fund social services for the poor
Despite the collateral harms of gambling, lotteries generally do not support
causes such as substance abuse treatment, services for people with disabilities,
reentry programs, or domestic violence organizations – programs that are
particularly important to low-income people due to their lack of access to
resources. Instead, lotteries often fund causes such as education that are
generally supported by all income groups, even though some have actually
resulted in disproportionate benefits for the more privileged households that
spend less on the lottery.20
16 Running the Numbers on Lotteries and the Poor: An Empirical Analysis of Transfer
Payment Distribution and Subsequent Lottery Sales. Andrew P. Weinbach and Rodney J. Paul.
International Atlantic Economic Society, 2008. 333-344 at 334. Available at
http://stoppredatorygambling.org/wp-content/uploads/Running-the-Numbers-on-
Lotteries-and-the-Poor-An-Empirical-Analysis-of-Transfer-Payment-Distribution-and-
Subsequent-Lottery-Sales.pdf.
17 Poverty and Casino Gambling in Buffalo. Sam Magavern and Elaina Mulé. Partnership for
the Public Good, Jan. 19, 2011 at 6. http://www.ppgbuffalo.org/wp-
content/uploads/2010/06/Poverty-and-Casino-Gambling1.pdf. This policy brief provides a
particularly helpful overview of the impact of gambling on low income individuals.
18 Sweet Dreams in Hard Times Add to Lottery Sales. Katie Zezima, New York Times. Sept. 12,
2008. Available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/13/us/13lottery.html?_r=1&scp=2&sq=Emily%20Haisle
y&st=cse.
19 Back in the Black: States’ Gambling Revenues Rose in 2010 at 1.
20 A Nation in Debt: How we killed thrift, enthroned loan sharks and undermined American
prosperity at 10.
6
7. For example, lottery-funded merit scholarships in Florida disproportionately
benefit students from higher-earning families. Households with lower
socioeconomic status tend to pay more in lottery “taxes” yet receive less of the
scholarship benefits, effectively redistributing funds from lower-income
households to wealthier ones.21
Even programs that are supported by lotteries may see their funding reduced as
lawmakers put more money into payoffs in an effort increase revenue.22 Funds
may also be used to cover shortfalls in already-existing programs rather than the
new ones that they promised to fund.23
In states that used lottery revenues to fund schools, only 1 to 5 percent of their
funding came from the lottery in the mid-2000s.24 In some states, lottery
revenues replaced other state monies in education funding. Others have
increased the size of the lottery payouts to compete for players, further reducing
the amount of money going toward schools.
21 Some Futures Are Brighter Than Others: The Net Benefits Received By Florida Bright
Futures Scholarship Recipients at 122. Harriet A. Stranahan and Mary O. Borg. Public Finance
Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, January 2004.
22 Hope and Hard Luck. Sarah Ovaska, NC Policy Watch. Dec. 17, 2010. Available at
http://www.ncpolicywatch.com/2010/12/17/hope-and-hard-luck/.
23 Id.
24 For Schools, Lottery Payoffs Fall Short of Promises. Ron Stodghill and Ron Nixon. New York
Times, Oct. 7, 2007. Available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/business/07lotto.html?sq=lottery%20payoffs%20fal
l%20short%20of%20promises&st=cse&scp=1&pagewanted=all#&wtoeid=growl1_r1_v4/
7
8. Legalized gambling can exacerbate social problems,
often at the expense of disadvantaged people
Poverty, proximity and variety aggravate problem gambling rates
Geographic proximity and a neighborhood’s disadvantage have serious effects
on the rates of problem and pathological gambling.25 Living close to a casino
significantly increases the risk of problem or pathological gambling; while there
may be confounding variables, there is a strong argument for the theory that the
proximity of a casino could lead to higher rates of problem gambling.
Socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods also have much higher rates of
pathological or problem gambling.26
A casino within ten miles of a home is associated with a 90 percent increase
in the odds of being a pathological or problem gambler.27
Individuals who live within 10 miles of a casino have more than twice the
rate of pathological or problem gambling as those who live further away.28
Individuals who lived in the 10 percent most disadvantaged neighborhoods
had 12 times the rate of pathological or problem gambling (10 percent)
compared to those who lived in the ten percent most advantaged
neighborhoods (0.8 percent).29
For every one standard deviation in neighborhood disadvantage, the odds
of being a problem gambler increase by 69 percent.30
The prevalence of gambling in the 10 percent most disadvantaged
neighborhoods (72 times per year) was twice as much as in the 10 percent
least disadvantaged neighborhoods (29 times per year).31
For states with zero or one form of legal gambling, the prevalence of
gambling is 66 percent, versus 77 to 87 percent in the states with two to six
forms of legal gambling.32
25 The Relationship of Ecological and Geographic Factors to Gambling Behavior. John W.
Welte et al. Journal of Gambling Studies, Volume 20, Number 4, Winter 2008. 405-423.
Available at http://www.noslots.com/documents/Welte_Gambling_Demographics.pdf.
26 Id. at 413. “Neighborhood disadvantage,” measured by a method used in other social
sciences studies (percentage of households on public assistance, percentage of families
headed by a female, percentage of unemployed adults and poverty rate).
27 Id. at 418.
28 Id. at 421.
29 Id. at 418.
30 Id. at 417-8.
31 Id. at 418-9.
32 Id. at 419.
8
9. For every additional form of legal gambling, the likelihood of an individual
gambling in the past year increased by 17 percent.33
The average number of times an individual gambled is also lower in states
with zero or one form of legal gambling (23 times) versus states with two to
six forms of legal gambling (40 to 50 times).34
The most disadvantaged spend more on gambling and are more likely to be
problem gamblers. For example, in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 48 percent of
people earning less than $20,000 a year said they were “likely” or “very likely” to
gamble at a newly opened casino – the most likely of any income bracket.
Conversely, those with the most disposable income – those earning more than
$100,000 – were the least likely to gamble, with only 20 percent saying they
were likely or very likely to gamble.35
The costs of gambling are high for people already facing disadvantages.
Individuals in substance-abuse or psychiatric treatment are four to ten times as
likely to be problem or pathological gamblers.36 In addition, there are many
social and financial costs, such as bankruptcy or job loss, which push people
deeper into poverty.37
Casinos have been shown to increase crime rates
Not only do casinos increase problem or pathological
gambling in their areas, but casinos have been shown
empirically to increase the rates of serious crime. An
exhaustive study published in 2001 measured crime rates
from 1977 to 1996, a period when regions outside of
Nevada introduced gambling.38 The study found that new
casinos resulted in increased rates of six of the seven FBI
Index I crimes: rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary,
larceny and auto theft. Only the murder rate was not
obviously impacted.
33 Id. at 418.
34 Id. at 419.
35 Gambling Behaviors and Perceptions of the Effects of Gambling in Lehigh Valley: 2009
Survey of Residents. Michael Moser Deegan et al. Lehigh Valley Research Consortium, Feb.
2010 at 7. Available at
http://www.lehighvalleyresearch.org/files/articles/GAMBLING_REPORT_2009_final.pdf.
36 “Pathological Gambling,” Marc N. Potenz, et al. Journal of the American Medical
Association, July 11, 2001, p. 141.
37 Gambling in the Golden State, supra at 135-6.
38 Casinos, Crime, and Community Costs. Earl L. Grinols and David B. Mustard. The Review of
Economics and Statistics, 88, 1, February 2006, 28-45. Available at
http://www.maine.com/editions/2006-05-15/images/20060531000107C.pdf. Page
numbers cited are from the version posted at this URL.
9
10. When casinos were introduced, crime was
initially low, but increased over time.39 In
counties with casinos, 8.6 percent of property
crimes and 12.6 percent of violent crimes were
attributable to them, resulting in an average
annual cost of $75 per adult per year in 1996.40
These costs do not include related social costs,
such as the direct expenses for regulating casinos,
costs related to employment and lost
productivity, and increased social service and
welfare expenses.41
Unsurprisingly, some gamblers will turn to theft
and financial crimes as a result of addiction.42 The
introduction of casinos has also been associated with increased alcohol-related
fatal traffic accidents, presumably because casinos often serve alcohol to their
customers.43
39 Id. at 1.
40 Id. at 17.
41 Id. at 17.
42 Gambling addiction leads many down criminal road. Jeremy Boren, Pittsburgh Tribune-
Review. June 19, 2011. Available at
http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/s_742867.html.
43 The impact of casinos on fatal alcohol-related traffic accidents in the United States. Chad D.
Cotti and Douglas M. Walker. Journal of Health Economics, 2010. Available at
http://stoppredatorygambling.org/wp-content/uploads/Journal-of-Health-Economics-
Impact-of-Casinos-on-Fatal-Alcohol-related-Traffic-Accidents.pdf.
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11. Casino marketers often target Asian Americans
Gambling could impact local Asian American community more
Another source of concern is that the mainland gambling industry has engaged
in predatory practices toward Asian Americans and Asian immigrants through
significant outreach and marketing efforts.
Some of the methods used include targeted
advertising and presence at cultural events, free
transportation or meals, Asian performers and
adding Asian-style games to the casino floors.44
Many Asian Americans and Asians have grown
up viewing gambling as socially acceptable or as a
part of their culture, making them more vulnerable
to casinos’ marketing tactics.45
It seems likely that, in addition to targeting the
tourist market (many of whom are Asians), the
gaming industry will target the local Asian American
community as mainland casinos have done, leading to a disproportionately
negative effect on low-income Asian Americans.46
44 “Asian Americans and Problem Gambling.” Michael Liao. Problem Gambling Prevention, at
4. Available at
http://www.napafasa.org/pgp/PGP.Asian%20Americans%20and%20Problem%20Gambling
%20Rev.11.0321.pdf.
45 Id. at 2.
46 See “Dept. of Miserable Jobs: Sugarhouse’s Asian Marketing Executive” on Young Philly
Politics for more examples of how the gambling industry targets Asian Americans, including
targeting Asian American seniors, providing transportation from Asian American
neighborhoods to casinos, and advertising in Asian languages. Available at
http://youngphillypolitics.com/dept_miserable_jobs_sugarhouse039s_asian_marketing_exec
utive. More analysis is available at Gambling in the Golden State, supra, 130-1. Available at
http://ag.ca.gov/gambling/pdfs/GS98.pdf.
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12. Conclusion: Legalizing gambling is harmful
L
EGALIZED GAMBLING, INCLUDING CASINOS AND
lotteries, has negative impacts on the entire community, but
does even greater harm to those living in poverty. People with
the least to lose tend to spend the most, yet they generally
receive the fewest benefits and face the greatest harm. Areas
already experiencing socioeconomic disadvantages, including
higher crime rates, may have such problems exacerbated by
the presence of casinos.
Casinos and lotteries also engage in predatory tactics that disproportionately
draw in low-income individuals. While lottery practices are not identical to those
in casinos, the evidence gathered on casino gambling indicates that there may be
analogous risks. Moreover, the purported economic benefits are far from certain.
Gambling is not a habit that an individual simply picks up – the initial choice to
gamble can be heavily influenced by the individual’s environment. Gaming can
damage gamblers’ families, children and the entire community. Even if some
gambling revenue goes to fund social services, it will never mitigate completely
the financial and intangible costs to individuals and their families.
Permitting gambling will hurt the poor by worsening the problems they already
face. The National Gambling Impact Study Commission in 1999 found that the
litany of gambling-related harms is woefully long: job loss, substance abuse,
crime, divorce, child abuse and neglect, domestic violence and homelessness.47
Besides harming families that are already poor, these tragedies can drive others
P.O. Box 37952
into poverty.
Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96837
(808) 587-7605 Research shows that the risks to low-income people are serious and that we
www.lejhawaii.org should not turn to legalized gambling and lotteries as a quick-fix solution to
address budget gaps. Introducing to Hawai‘i an industry that often exploits and
harms the poor would exacerbate the crisis people in poverty face today.
Board of Directors
David Derauf, M.D.
Marc Fleischaker, Esq.
Naomi C. Fujimoto, Esq.
Patrick Gardner, Esq.
47See Chapter 7 (“Gambling’s Impact on People and Places”) of the National Gambling Impact
Francis T. O’Brien, Esq. Study Commission Final Report. Available at
David J. Reber, Esq. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/ngisc/reports/7.pdf. See also the Gambling Impact and
Behavior Study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission, prepared by the
Executive Director National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Available at
Victor Geminiani, Esq. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/ngisc/reports/gibstdy.pdf.
12