(...) Without spatial data and services, it would be impossible to manage space effectively, plan city development, monitor the situation on the ground, or carry out many other activities. This paper gives an overview of different initiatives and efforts in establishing SDI in Bosnia and Herzegovina. State bodies such as the government and the State Geodetic Administration have the main role in collaborating with the public and commercial sectors and also with the academic community. As the main factor in creating a future SDI, the State Geodetic Administration has launched several initiatives the goal of which is the installation of new technologies, equipment and procedures in map production and the establishment of digital topographic and cadastre databases. In the next few years Bosnia and Herzegovina must accomplish numerous tasks to arrange spatial records. These tasks must be accomplished very conscientiously and in a reasonable period of time. It is very important for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s prosperity and for the fulfillment of the conditions established for the process of entering European and international integrations. (...)
GSDI Liaison report on Earth Observation-related activities for the CEOS WGISSRemetey-Fülöpp Gábor
Introduction of EO-related activities in GSDI Association highlighting some relevant actions of its regional member EUROGI and national level member HUNAGI
Modern spatial data infrastructures as enablers of advanced geographic resear...Panos Lolonis
The rapid advancement in spatial data collection, storage, and management technologies in recent decades has resulted in the development of sizable spatial data infrastructures particularly in the Public Sector. Those infrastructures, due to initiatives, such as the NSDI in the US and the INSPIRE in the European Union, have become available to scientists and professionals at a very broad range of disciplines. Indeed, scientists and professionals, nowadays, find themselves with an abundance of geospatial data that they may use to answer important research questions and cope with everyday economic and societal problems. However, advancements in spatial data infrastructures have not been coupled with equivalent advancements in geographical methods and techniques. In fact, most methods and techniques used so far in geographical analysis are based on models and approaches that have been developed before the advent of detailed, comprehensive, and large scale spatial data sets. Those methods and techniques were based, most of the times, on gross approximations and spatial aggregations of geographical phenomena in order to conform, at the time of their development, to the scale and detail at which spatial data were available. The result of such approximations and generalizations, however, was that the outcomes of the relevant spatial analyses were not fine tuned to the problems they aimed to solve and lacked the realism that would make them useful in real world situations. Now, with the availability of detailed and comprehensive spatial data, new horizons in geographical analysis and research are opened. Phenomena can be recorded and represented at a very fine level of detail and be analyzed in a very comprehensive manner. Thus, precision of analyses and realism of outcomes could be increased, improving, thus, the usefulness and impact of geographical analyses in real world situations. However, in order for this to happen, it is necessary, first, to re-engineer the various existing spatial analyses methods and techniques in order to fine-tune them to the levels of detail and the characteristics of the available spatial data. In this presentation, we would elaborate on this issue and on how availability of detailed spatial data may be used to boost development of advanced geographical methods and techniques that would help us in explaining geographical phenomena and in solving spatial problems. Particular “use cases” would be analyzed based on the cadastral spatial data infrastructure that is, currently, under development by Hellenic Cadastre and which would become available to geographers and other scientists and professionals in the forthcoming future.
Integrating Web Services With Geospatial Data Mining Disaster Management for ...Waqas Tariq
Data Mining (DM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are complementary techniques for describing, transforming, analyzing and modeling data about real world system. GIS and DM are naturally synergistic technologies that can be joined to produce powerful market insight from a sea of disparate data. Web Services would greatly simplify the development of many kinds of data integration and knowledge management applications. This research aims to develop a Spatial DM web service. It integrates state of the art GIS and DM functionality in an open, highly extensible, web-based architecture. The Interoperability of geospatial data previously focus just on data formats and standards. The recent popularity and adoption of Web Services has provided new means of interoperability for geospatial information not just for exchanging data but for analyzing these data during exchange as well. An integrated, user friendly Spatial DM System available on the internet via a web service offers exciting new possibilities for geo-spatial analysis to be ready for decision making and geographical research to a wide range of potential users.
GSDI Liaison report on Earth Observation-related activities for the CEOS WGISSRemetey-Fülöpp Gábor
Introduction of EO-related activities in GSDI Association highlighting some relevant actions of its regional member EUROGI and national level member HUNAGI
Modern spatial data infrastructures as enablers of advanced geographic resear...Panos Lolonis
The rapid advancement in spatial data collection, storage, and management technologies in recent decades has resulted in the development of sizable spatial data infrastructures particularly in the Public Sector. Those infrastructures, due to initiatives, such as the NSDI in the US and the INSPIRE in the European Union, have become available to scientists and professionals at a very broad range of disciplines. Indeed, scientists and professionals, nowadays, find themselves with an abundance of geospatial data that they may use to answer important research questions and cope with everyday economic and societal problems. However, advancements in spatial data infrastructures have not been coupled with equivalent advancements in geographical methods and techniques. In fact, most methods and techniques used so far in geographical analysis are based on models and approaches that have been developed before the advent of detailed, comprehensive, and large scale spatial data sets. Those methods and techniques were based, most of the times, on gross approximations and spatial aggregations of geographical phenomena in order to conform, at the time of their development, to the scale and detail at which spatial data were available. The result of such approximations and generalizations, however, was that the outcomes of the relevant spatial analyses were not fine tuned to the problems they aimed to solve and lacked the realism that would make them useful in real world situations. Now, with the availability of detailed and comprehensive spatial data, new horizons in geographical analysis and research are opened. Phenomena can be recorded and represented at a very fine level of detail and be analyzed in a very comprehensive manner. Thus, precision of analyses and realism of outcomes could be increased, improving, thus, the usefulness and impact of geographical analyses in real world situations. However, in order for this to happen, it is necessary, first, to re-engineer the various existing spatial analyses methods and techniques in order to fine-tune them to the levels of detail and the characteristics of the available spatial data. In this presentation, we would elaborate on this issue and on how availability of detailed spatial data may be used to boost development of advanced geographical methods and techniques that would help us in explaining geographical phenomena and in solving spatial problems. Particular “use cases” would be analyzed based on the cadastral spatial data infrastructure that is, currently, under development by Hellenic Cadastre and which would become available to geographers and other scientists and professionals in the forthcoming future.
Integrating Web Services With Geospatial Data Mining Disaster Management for ...Waqas Tariq
Data Mining (DM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are complementary techniques for describing, transforming, analyzing and modeling data about real world system. GIS and DM are naturally synergistic technologies that can be joined to produce powerful market insight from a sea of disparate data. Web Services would greatly simplify the development of many kinds of data integration and knowledge management applications. This research aims to develop a Spatial DM web service. It integrates state of the art GIS and DM functionality in an open, highly extensible, web-based architecture. The Interoperability of geospatial data previously focus just on data formats and standards. The recent popularity and adoption of Web Services has provided new means of interoperability for geospatial information not just for exchanging data but for analyzing these data during exchange as well. An integrated, user friendly Spatial DM System available on the internet via a web service offers exciting new possibilities for geo-spatial analysis to be ready for decision making and geographical research to a wide range of potential users.
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
Linking EUDAT services to the EGI Fed-Cloud - EUDAT Summer School (Hans van P...EUDAT
The main goal of the EGI-EUDAT collaboration is to harmonise the two eInfrastructures, including technical interoperability, authentication, authorisation and identity management, policy and operations. As main objective, this work is to provide end-users with a seamless access to an integrated infrastructure offering both EGI and EUDAT services and then, pairing data and high-throughput computing resources together. Selected user communities are able to bring requirements and help assign the right priorities to each of them. In this way, the integration activity has been driven by the end users from the start. The use case permits a user of either e-infrastructure to instantiate a VM on the EGI Cloud Federation for the execution of a computational job consuming data preserved onto EUDAT resources. The results of such analysis can be staged back to EUDAT storages, and if needed, allocated with Persistent identifiers (PIDs) for future use. To implement all the steps of this use case the following integration activities between the two infrastructures has to be fulfilled: (1) harmonisation between the authentication and authorisation model, (2) definition and implementation of the interfaces between the involved EGI and EUDAT services.
Visit: https://www.eudat.eu/eudat-summer-school
Linked Data Mapping Cultures
An Evaluation of Metadata Usage and Distribution
in a Linked Data Environment
Konstantin Baierer, Evelyn Dröge, Vivien Petras, Violeta Trkulja
Berlin School of Library and Information Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Presentation at the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications
Austin, October 9, 2014
This presentation was presented during the second workshop of the International Network of Soil Information Institutions (INSII) that took place at FAO headquarters 24-25 november 2016. The presentation was made by Rainer Baritz from the GSP Secretariat
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm
cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly
describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka, Bangladesh in 201
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013.
Hydrospatial 21 [Policy] - Dr Bob Williams
My presentation at Hydrospatial 21 at Cairns in February 2022 was titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future". It referred to supplementary information in other presentations.
This supplementary presentation describes "Policy" and related topics.
POLICY is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as capability development.
Open aire2020 general_coimbra_20171004_assinenpassinen
Presentation about Data management and EU Open Science policies given in Coimbra Research Support Officers Working Group Meeting in Turku October 4th 2017. Presentation includes also description of OpenAIRE2020 project and services.
AAG Session
4204 Data-based living: peopling and placing ‘big data
Tampa, Florida, April 11 2014
Tracey P. Lauriault and Rob Kitchin
National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)
National University of Ireland at Maynooth (NUIM)
Synthesis on forest bio-economy research and innovation in EuropeBiotalous.fi
Synthesis on forest bio-economy research and innovation in Europe, Study carried out by European Forest Institute on the behest of SCAR SWG FOREST (Strategic Working Group on forests and forestry research and innovation)
https://ec.europa.eu/research/scar/index.cfm
The main objective of this report is to review and synthesize existing updated information about forest bio-economy research in different EU member states, including (1) mapping the most relevant research capacities and topics where activities are already ongoing at regional/national, transnational and European level using existing data, and (2) analysing gaps and draw conclusions about overlapping and missing activities, and trends and shifts in research focus. This report is first out of two reports contained within the study, where the second one will focus on mapping innovations in the field and providing best-practice guidelines for the uptake and increased success of innovations.
The term “Spatial Data Infrastructure” (SDI) is often used to denote the relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data. SDI describes the overall methodology, process, existing practice, terms, policies of Nepal.
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
Linking EUDAT services to the EGI Fed-Cloud - EUDAT Summer School (Hans van P...EUDAT
The main goal of the EGI-EUDAT collaboration is to harmonise the two eInfrastructures, including technical interoperability, authentication, authorisation and identity management, policy and operations. As main objective, this work is to provide end-users with a seamless access to an integrated infrastructure offering both EGI and EUDAT services and then, pairing data and high-throughput computing resources together. Selected user communities are able to bring requirements and help assign the right priorities to each of them. In this way, the integration activity has been driven by the end users from the start. The use case permits a user of either e-infrastructure to instantiate a VM on the EGI Cloud Federation for the execution of a computational job consuming data preserved onto EUDAT resources. The results of such analysis can be staged back to EUDAT storages, and if needed, allocated with Persistent identifiers (PIDs) for future use. To implement all the steps of this use case the following integration activities between the two infrastructures has to be fulfilled: (1) harmonisation between the authentication and authorisation model, (2) definition and implementation of the interfaces between the involved EGI and EUDAT services.
Visit: https://www.eudat.eu/eudat-summer-school
Linked Data Mapping Cultures
An Evaluation of Metadata Usage and Distribution
in a Linked Data Environment
Konstantin Baierer, Evelyn Dröge, Vivien Petras, Violeta Trkulja
Berlin School of Library and Information Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Presentation at the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications
Austin, October 9, 2014
This presentation was presented during the second workshop of the International Network of Soil Information Institutions (INSII) that took place at FAO headquarters 24-25 november 2016. The presentation was made by Rainer Baritz from the GSP Secretariat
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm
cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly
describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka, Bangladesh in 201
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013.
Hydrospatial 21 [Policy] - Dr Bob Williams
My presentation at Hydrospatial 21 at Cairns in February 2022 was titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future". It referred to supplementary information in other presentations.
This supplementary presentation describes "Policy" and related topics.
POLICY is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as capability development.
Open aire2020 general_coimbra_20171004_assinenpassinen
Presentation about Data management and EU Open Science policies given in Coimbra Research Support Officers Working Group Meeting in Turku October 4th 2017. Presentation includes also description of OpenAIRE2020 project and services.
AAG Session
4204 Data-based living: peopling and placing ‘big data
Tampa, Florida, April 11 2014
Tracey P. Lauriault and Rob Kitchin
National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)
National University of Ireland at Maynooth (NUIM)
Synthesis on forest bio-economy research and innovation in EuropeBiotalous.fi
Synthesis on forest bio-economy research and innovation in Europe, Study carried out by European Forest Institute on the behest of SCAR SWG FOREST (Strategic Working Group on forests and forestry research and innovation)
https://ec.europa.eu/research/scar/index.cfm
The main objective of this report is to review and synthesize existing updated information about forest bio-economy research in different EU member states, including (1) mapping the most relevant research capacities and topics where activities are already ongoing at regional/national, transnational and European level using existing data, and (2) analysing gaps and draw conclusions about overlapping and missing activities, and trends and shifts in research focus. This report is first out of two reports contained within the study, where the second one will focus on mapping innovations in the field and providing best-practice guidelines for the uptake and increased success of innovations.
The term “Spatial Data Infrastructure” (SDI) is often used to denote the relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data. SDI describes the overall methodology, process, existing practice, terms, policies of Nepal.
OpenTransportNet: Stimulating Innovation with Open Geographic Information21cConsultancy_2012
The increasing availability of open Geographic Information (GI) presents a new opportunity for European Private and Public stakeholders, especially SMEs, to extract extra value from Open Data due to the fact that a vast amount of information has direct or indirect spatial references that open up new ways of interpreting it.
INSPIRE Data Specification - Utility and Governamental Services v3.0Maksim Sestic
The INSPIRE Directive came into force on 15 May 2007 and will be implemented in various stages, with full implementation required by 2019. It aims to create a spatial data infrastructure which enables the sharing of spatial information among public sector organisations and facilitates public access to spatial information across Europe.
UN Integrated Geospatial Information Framework towards achieving the 2030 Age...ExternalEvents
UN Integrated Geospatial Information Framework: Guyana experience
In August 2018, the UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management endorsed an Integrated Geospatial Information Framework (IGIF), which is anchored by nine strategic pathways within three main areas of influence: governance; technology; and people. The Framework aims to assist countries to move towards e-economies, improve services to citizens, build capacity for using geospatial technology, enhance informed government decision making processes and to bridge the geospatial digital divide in the implementation of national strategic priorities and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The Cooperative Republic of Guyana is one of the first countries in the world, which is taking action to align its national policy and business drivers on geospatial information management to the IGIF. This work is part of a four year project “Mainstreaming Sustainable Land Development and Management”, which started in April 2018 with the objective to promote sustainable land use and the reclamation of degraded lands, which is essential to Guyana’s Green State Development Strategy, the national development plan that guides the country’s green economic and socio-cultural development over the next 15 years. The work is funded by the Guyana REDD+ Investment Fund. The Guyana Action plan was presented in March 2019 at the World Bank Land and Poverty Conference and in April 2019 at the FIG working week in Hanoi, as an example to other countries and regions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Land Consumption, Ecosystem Services and Urban Planning Policies: Preliminary...IEREK Press
In the contemporaneity, the issues of land or soil consumption and of the protection of areas that, within the urban areas, provide ecosystem services (ESs) is becoming increasingly important also in relationof the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The concept of "Ecosystem Service" appears, in this respect, a fruitful support to define the land consumption effects on the loss of functionality and of settlement quality. Following this considerations the paper presents the first results of a research developed in Tuscany and commissioned by the Regional Government. The research aims to measure the loss of ESs in connection with land use / land cover transformations, and to verify the contribution of soil consumption to these variations. The research use methodologies for elaborating of the geographical data required for territorial governance, LUCL 2010/2016 and Land Cover Flow (LCF) model and the theoretical model of the “Capacity matrix” to provide ecosystem services.
Presentation on INSPIRE and Higher Education (1 of 2)JISC GECO
Presentation designed to explain the relationship between academic data and the EU INSPIRE Directive. Produced by staff from EDINA and the Digital Curation Centre.
CLEARINGHOUSE FOR GEO-SPATIAL DATA FOR AN EMERGENCY PERSPECTIVEAshim Sharma
During an emergency perspective, spatial data plays an important role for analyzing the current
situation and make the decisions accordingly. While this spatial data facilitates all the emergency
forces during such situations, effective management and assessment of all this geospatial data in
a single place is often a problem. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is a critical aspect for planning,
discovery and exchange of information for support of disaster management. For addressing such
problems, spatial data clearing houses were established to bring together geo-data suppliers and
geo-data users. With the establishment of national clearinghouses in 83 countries by April 2005,
database and metadata information can be accessible via internet but in terms of management and
use, declining trends were found. Due to insufficient standardization of process and protocols for
data exchange, the variety of issues arises that delay their use for emergency management. In this
paper, the concept for an appropriate spatial data infrastructures clearinghouse which serves as a
generic platform for crisis management event and advises for changes are presented.
Similar to Future Development of NSDI Based on the European INSPIRE Directive – a Case Study of a Bosnian and Herzegovinian Geoportal (20)
INOVA GIS Platform represents a centralized Enterprise GIS (Geographical Information System) that enables seamless data access for any number of different departments within business organization and beyond – more specifically telecommunications companies that among their assets have networks of: fiber-optic cables, copper cables, coaxial cables and conduits.
Data can be accessed for viewing, analyzing and editing. Apart from that, data can be presented to wider audience with the possibility to control: what type of data and to what extent it will be presented. Thanks to the IGS (INOVA GIS Server), platform enables virtually unlimited number of concurrent users. It is scalable so it can be adjusted to meet the needs of companies that vary in sizes. This makes it affordable for companies ranging from small to very large. It also allows gradual expansion of the system over time. Platform is open in its nature and as such can be easily integrated with other OSS/BSS (operation/business support systems).
Methods, Systems, and Products for Surveying Facilities (Pat: US 8,484,059 B2)Maksim Sestic
Abstract: Methods, systems and products are disclosed for surveying equipment, machinery, plants, and other facilities. Facilities data may be overlaid onto a map to generate a graphical mapping. When this graphical mapping is displayed, a selection may be received to create a survey of facilities. Another selection of facilities item needing repair may be received, and an action may be associated to the facilities item. An electronic survey file is created that describes the facilities item needing repair.
Development of Spatial Data Infrastructure Based on INSPIRE Directive – Case ...Maksim Sestic
iGEO geoportal is a GeoServer-based set of web services allowing Bosnia-Herzegovinian local municipalities, government agencies and utility infrastructure organizations access to the most precise base map data.
Particular attention is paid to the role of the iGEO portal in this process. The geoportal is modeled after the European Union's Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) directive to share geographic information across Europe.
INSPIRE addresses 34 key spatial data themes organized in three groups (or Annexes to the Directive), reflecting the different levels of harmonization expected and staged phasing. Annexes I and II focus on reference data, while Annex III focuses on data for environmental analysis and impact assessment.
Advantages of Practical Application of TeleCAD-GIS in Calculating Influence o...Maksim Sestic
This paper presents advantages of influence calculation of high power lines on telecommunications utility infrastructure, a feature being integrated intoTeleCAD-GIS software package. After drawing high power line and telecommunication line on the cadastral map, TeleCAD-GIS grabs all data that is requested about each selected line. The data is then put in the table needed for the influence calculation of high power lines on telecommunication lines. In that manner, we get much faster and more precise calculation…
Strategic Development Of Infrastructure For Spatial Information Based On Euro...Maksim Sestic
Introductory presentation to experimental research on “iGEO” geoportal, a GeoServer-based set of web services allowing Bosnia-Herzegovinian local municipalities, government agencies and utility infrastructure organizations access to the most precise base map data modelled after INSPIRE standard.
TeleCAD-GIS is a software application for planning, designing, analyzing, documenting and maintaining telecommunications infrastructure (fiber-optics, copper, conduit, coaxial...). It uses AutoCAD (or AutoCAD MAP 3D) as an underlying platform upon which it builds industry specific tools and expends it with an object model of telecommunications objects. TeleCAD-GIS is a flagship product of INOVA and serves as a INOVA GIS Platform main client tool, at the same time it can be used outside the platform environment as a standalone tool.
INOVA GIS Platform represents centralized Enterprise GIS (Geographical Information System) that enables seamless data access for any number of different departments within business organization and beyond. Data can be accessed for viewing, analyzing, editing, etc. Apart from that, data can be presented to wider audience with the possibility to control what type of data and to what extent it will be presented.
INOVA GIS platforma je savremeni geografski informacioni sistem koji je specijalizovan za upravljanje telekomunikacionim objektima. Višegodišnjim prisustvom u najvećim telekomunikacionim kompanijama u regionu, konstantnim ulaganjem u razvoj i usavršavanje i direktnom saradnjom sa krajnjim korisnicima, INOVA GIS platforma je uspela da ponudi softverske alate skrojene po meri inženjera telekomunikacija u oblastima planiranja i projektovanja ili održavanja TK infrastrukture.
AreaCAD-GIS represents a set of software tools for design, maintenance and analysis of urban spatially-related structures. Based on popular CAD, GIS and BIM platforms, project integrates expert knowledge on spatial planning and infrastructure networks design using Unity 3D, Autodesk Revit and AutoCAD applications and related APIs. The goal is to create beforementioned platform bindings using INSPIRE standards, while leveraging game-like ease of use when it comes to design, simulation and reporting workflows.
TeleCAD-GIS running on IGS Platform is a scalable, Autodesk and Oracle-based CAD/GIS solution for both national and regional OSP telecommunications infrastructure networks planning, design, documenting and maintenance.
BrownInfo Handbook - Scientific Methodology and Software Tools for Establishi...Maksim Sestic
Abstract: This research was initiated with the aim of defining universal standards of identification, inventory and classification of brownfield sites, in order to devise sets of effective methods for the collection, systematization, presentation and storage of brownfield-related data, to be used in future as a basis for decisions about starting brownfield regeneration projects.
City of Banja Luka - CAD/GIS implementationMaksim Sestic
CAD/GIS software implementation throughout Banja Luka Municipal spatial planning and cadastral departments. Processes of issuing building permits, zoning, spatial plans, and others.
Governance Accountability Project (GAP) is a project funded by Sida, EKN, and USAID to improve the capacity of 72 municipalities in Bosnia-Herzegovina to provide better services to citizens, increase transparency and responsible decision-making, expand the capacity to effectively manage human and capital resources, and to support a policy and fiscal framework conducive to accountable local government. The project cooperates closely with mayors, local governments, municipal associations, civil society, and the business community to bring Bosnia’s governance structures in line with European Union standards of transparency, accountability, and efficiency.
Activities included development and implementation of software tools for improving urban procedures, targeting partner municipalities in cooperation with GAP. In accordance with this plan the improvements in permitting procedures related to construction will be achieved by process of reengineering while administrative improvements will be achieved through use of new software and hardware, by integration of permit centers within the Customer Service Center (CSC) and by a combined approach of reviewing permitting and planning practices. Zoning methodology and use of geographic information system (GIS) assists in establishing permit centers in which urban permits can be delivered automatically, with all external approvals included and in one place, using AreaCAD-GIS Client/Server software.
TeleCAD-GIS is a scalable, Autodesk-based, CAD/GIS solution for both national and regional (local) telecommunications infrastructure networks planning, design, documenting and maintenance. It's specifically suitable for telecommunications service providers and their outsourcing partners throughout 3rd World and developing countries as it offers standard, compatible and low-cost solutions powered by widely adopted and worldwide proven technologies.
6DE THEMA ANNEX III "NUTSDIENSTEN EN OVERHEIDSDIENSTEN"Maksim Sestic
Annex III definitie: Nutsvoorzieningen zoals riolering, afvalbeheer, energievoorziening, watervoorziening, bestuurlijke en maatschappelijke instanties van de overheid, zoals bestuurlijke overheden, civiele bescherming, scholen en ziekenhuizen.
INOVA TeleCAD-GIS: software application for CAD and GIS based planning, design, documenting, management and maintenance of telecommunications infrastructure systems. Relying on worldwide proven Autodesk and OpenGIS-compliant platforms it provides quick, efficient and valuable means for modern corporate management. Resulting processing and data is made reusable within and compatible with wide spectrum of national-level cadastral databases and services (geodesy, spatial planning, other infrastructure systems...) of the Third-world and developing countries.
INOVA Company Objectives Driver (iCOD) SpecificationsMaksim Sestic
iCOD is a software platform for creating balanced scorecards (BSC). Balanced scorecard is a strategy performance management tool - a semi-standard structured report, supported by design methods and automation tools, that can be used by managers to keep track of the execution of activities by the staff within their control and to monitor the consequences arising from these actions.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Future Development of NSDI Based on the European INSPIRE Directive – a Case Study of a Bosnian and Herzegovinian Geoportal
1. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
315
Future development of NSDI based on the European
INSPIRE Directive – A case study of a Bosnian and
Herzegovinian geoportal
Mr. Sc. Nikolina Mijić, Dipl.Eng.Geod., PhD Candidate1
Maksim Šestić, Dipl.Eng.El.2
1
PhD Candidate, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of
Miskolc, Hungary Doctoral school of Sámuel Mikoviny. E-mail:
nikolinamijic7@gmail.com
2
INOVA informatički inženjering d.o.o, Vidovdanska 2, Banja Luka, Bosnia and
Herzegovina / INSPIRE Utility and Governamental Services TWG Editor. E-mail:
max@geoinova.com
Abstract
The term infrastructure, as a mechanism of support for spatial data, was used for
the first time in the early 1990s in Canada. Today, the concept of spatial data
infrastructure (SDI) has become a new paradigm worldwide for the collection, use,
exchange and distribution of spatial data and information. Spatial data
infrastructures are developed through sets of spatial data, metadata, agreements
for joint spatial data use and distribution, network services and coordination
activities. SDI is always present in a certain form, but the level of implementation
varies according to current demand. In this context, the building or setting up of an
SDI can be seen as an improvement or addition to one already in existence. One
of the main goals of SDI is the horizontal and vertical linking of subjects that create
and use spatial data. Subjects can be classified at several basic levels – from
personal and corporative, through local and county, to national, regional and finally,
global. Today, the most important level is the national level i.e. the National Spatial
Data Infrastructure (NSDI) project and the European Union (EU) Infrastructure for
Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) Directive. Without spatial data and
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non commercial Works 3.0 License.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a
letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th
Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
DOI: 10.2902/1725-0463.2018.13.art19
2. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
316
services, it would be impossible to manage space effectively, plan city
development, monitor the situation on the ground, or carry out many other activities.
This paper gives an overview of different initiatives and efforts in establishing SDI
in Bosnia and Herzegovina. State bodies such as the government and the State
Geodetic Administration have the main role in collaborating with the public and
commercial sectors and also with the academic community. As the main factor in
creating a future SDI, the State Geodetic Administration has launched several
initiatives the goal of which is the installation of new technologies, equipment and
procedures in map production and the establishment of digital topographic and
cadastre databases. In the next few years Bosnia and Herzegovina must
accomplish numerous tasks to arrange spatial records. These tasks must be
accomplished very conscientiously and in a reasonable period of time. It is very
important for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s prosperity and for the fulfilment of the
conditions established for the process of entering European and international
integrations. The iGEO geospatial portal implementation, described in detail further
down in this paper, represents an initial drive towards establishing state-wide SDI-
based services as a focal point to handle the above stated tasks. It represents a
standardized, INSPIRE-driven way of providing important geospatial data to end-
users throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Spatial data infrastructure, INSPIRE Directive, Cadastre, Sustainable
development
1. INTRODUCTION
Spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) have existed for quite a long time, indeed from
the moment when the first spatial data were collected and presented in maps and
plans (Phillips et al. 1999). With the rapid development of spatial data collection
and communication technologies, SDI has become an increasingly important factor
in terms of how spatial data are used at the private and public sector levels, as well
as state and ultimately global levels. President Clinton’s Executive Order 12906
from 1994 played an important role as a stimulus for the creation of national SDIs.
Besides national SDIs, different initiatives at the regional (e.g. EUROGI and
PCGIAP) and global levels (GSDI) have also been implemented. The development
of SDI differes according to country (Groot and McLaughlin 2000). Sets of basic
spatial data also vary from country to country, and each national SDI is different
with regard to societal needs, sociological evolution, economic reality and national
ambitions and priorities. Efficient land management with sustainable development
and the planning of all land operations requires the arrangement and
modernization of spatial files and the establishment of a national SDI. This
necessitates full coordination and cooperation between the provider and the spatial
data user, as well as between public and state institutions (Messer 2012).
3. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
317
The INSPIRE initiative was launched in 2001, with the intention of providing
harmonized sources of spatial information in support of the formulation,
implementation and evaluation of community policies (Annoni 2006). It relates to
the base of information collected among member states to respond to a wide range
of policy initiatives and obligations at the local, regional, national and international
levels.
Figure 1: Levels of spatial data infrastructure
This paper summarizes some important milestones and recent developments in
INSPIRE implementation. Particular attention is paid to the role of the iGEO portal
in this process. The geoportal is modeled after the EU INSPIRE Directive to share
geographic information across Europe.
2. THE INSPIRE DIRECTIVE
The INSPIRE Directive serves to establish the necessary infrastructure for spatial
information within the EU in order to ensure the better integration of environ-mental
and other policies. INSPIRE responds to the need for quality georeferenced
information to support an understanding of the complexity of and interactions
between human activities and environmental pressures and impacts. It addresses
the current general situation with respect to spatial information in Europe, where
there is an urgent need to fill in gaps in availability and eliminate the duplication of
information collection, as well as to compensate for the fragmentation in existing
datasets and sources. All these problems make it difficult to identify, access and
4. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
318
use currently available data, to the detriment of environmental integration. This is
expecially critical given the importance of data with regard to a number of policy
and information topics spanning various levels of public authority. The INSPIRE
Directive is complementary to related policy initiatives, such as the Directive on the
Reuse of Public Sector Information (European Commission 2003a), which is
currently under revision, and the Directive on Public Access to Environmental
Information (European Commission 2003b).
The purpose of INSPIRE is to support environmental policy and overcome major
barriers still affecting the availability and accessibility of relevant data. According
to Craglia (2010) these barriers include the following:
inconsistencies in spatial data collection, whereby spatial data are often
missing or incomplete, or the same data are collected by different organizations;
lack of or incomplete documentation on available spatial data;
lack of compatibility among spatial datasets that cannot therefore be combined
with others;
incompatible SDI initiatives within and between MS, which often function only
in isolation;
cultural, institutional, financial and legal barriers preventing or delaying the
sharing of existing spatial data.
The key elements of the INSPIRE Directive in overcoming these barriers include:
metadata to describe existing information resources so data can be found and
accessed more easily;
harmonization of key spatial data themes needed to support environmental
policies in the EU;
agreements on network services and technologies to allow discovery, viewing
and downloading of information resources and access to related services;
policy agreements on sharing and access, including licensing and charging;
coordination and monitoring mechanisms.
INSPIRE addresses 34 key spatial data themes organized in 3 groups (or Annexes
to the Directive) reflecting the different levels of harmonization expected and
staged phasing (Table 1). Annexes I and II focus on reference data, while Annex
III focuses on data for environmental analysis and impact assessment.
The Directive does not require new data collection and does not impose any
obligation on data providers to change existing workflows. By enabling
interoperability, data can be used coherently, independent of whether an existing
dataset is transformed (harmonized) permanently or is only temporarily
transformed by a network service in order to publish it within INSPIRE.
5. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
319
Table 1: Data themes of INSPIRE
Annex I
1. Coordinate reference systems
2. Geographical grid systems
3. Geographical names
4. Administrative units
5. Addresses
6. Cadastral parcels
7. Transport networks
8. Hydrography
9. Protected sites
Annex II
10. Elevation
11. Land cover
12. Orthoimagery
13. Geology
Annex III
14. Statistical units
15. Buildings
16. Soil
17. Land use
18. Human health and safety
19. Utility and governmental services
20. Environmental monitoring facilities
21. Production and industrial facilities
22. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities
23. Population distribution and demography
24. Area management /restriction/ regulation zones and reporting units
25. Natural risk zones
26. Atmospheric conditions
27. Meteorological geographical features
28. Oceanographic geographical features
29. Sea regions
30. Bio-geographical regions
31. Habitats and biotopes
32. Species distribution
33. Energy resources
34. Mineral resources
6. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
320
In more detail, MS obligations include several key tasks.
Planning:
Identify spatial datasets that meet the conditions established under Article 4 (1)
of the Directive and identify the national authorities that hold such data.
Identify international standards, especially with respect to the validation of
metadata and any existing initiatives.
Identify stakeholders for the purposes of Article 22 (1) of the Directive and
assess user requirements.
Regulation:
Regulate the collection and dissemination of all spatial data that fulfil the conditions
stipulated under Article 4 of the Directive and establish metadata for spatial
datasets and services.
Establish by law a competent authority or authorities.
Formulate legal instruments with implementation rules for the interoperability
and harmonization of spatial data.
Establish under national legislation a network of services for spatial datasets
and services for which metadata have been created and provide for its
operation.
Set obligations through national legislation to facilitate data sharing.
Training and Capacity Building:
Prepare and publish guidance on the duties and roles of the various
stakeholders.
Provide technical training for officers in public authorities involved in the
provision of spatial data services in order to optimize their services.
Monitoring and Reporting
Provide information at regular intervals at the national level and set up an
infrastructure to handle requests by the public or public authorities, whether
national or from another MS.
Set up the necessary infrastructure to report to the Commission.
These tasks are not only being considered for MS, but also candidate and potential
candidate countries. This is especially important for Bosnia and Herzegovina as
an acceding country (Cetl et al. 2009a; Poslončec-Petrić et al. 2011), which will
have to adhere to the general INSPIRE time-table immediately upon accession.
7. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
321
3. COMPONENTS OF INSPIRE
The legal framework of INSPIRE has two main levels (European Comission 2016a).
At the first level, there is the INSPIRE Directive itself, which sets the objectives to
be achieved and asks the MS to pass their own national legislation establishing
NSDIs. This mechanism of European legislation plus national legislation allows
each country to define its own means of achieving the objectives agreed upon,
taking into account its own institutional characteristics and history of development.
At the second level of legislation, INSPIRE envisages technical implemention of
rules in the form of regulations. These are actually the main components of
infrastructure:
metadata;
interoperability of spatial data sets and services;
network services (discovery, view, download, invoke) made available through
the INSPIRE geoportal;
data-sharing;
coordination and measures for monitoring and reporting.
From 2005 onwards, and in parallel with activities to prepare the INSPIRE Directive,
several drafting teams (DTs) started to elaborate implementing rules (IRs). In
addition, several thematic working groups (TWGs) have been elaborating data
specifications for the different themes of the three Annexes to the Directive since
2008. All the IRs take the form of a decision or regulation and must be implemented
by individual MS once they are published. Each IR is accompanied by technical
guidelines (TGs) which, in addition to providing general support for implementation,
may give directions on how further to improve interoperability.
8. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
322
Figure 2: Overview of the INSPIRE architecture
3.1 Metadata
The INSPIRE Metadata Regulation came into force on 24 December 2008 By
December 2010 MS had to provide the metadata for the data sets and services
listed in Annexes I and II of the Directive. A revised version of the TGs to implement
the Regulation using EN ISO 19115 Metadata and EN ISO 19119 Services was
also published on the INSPIRE web site in June 2010 (European Commission
JRC, December 2013).
3.2 Network Services
Figure 2 provides an overview of the INSPIRE architecture with common network
services. Network services are necessary for sharing spatial data between the
various levels of public authority in the community. The INSPIRE Network Services
Regulation was adopted by the Commission on 19 October 2009. This contains
the implementing rules for discovery and viewing services. The TG Discovery
Services (Version 3.1) and the INSPIRE View Service TG (Version 3.1), were
prepared by the Network Services Drafting team and published on the INSPIRE
website on 7 November 2011 (European Commission, December 2010).
3.3 Data Specifications
Commission Regulation No 1089/2010 (European Commission 2010b; European
Commission 2011) of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council was published concerning the
interoperability of spatial data sets and services. This Regulation concerns the
interoperability of spatial data sets for Annex I spatial data themes. TGs for the
9. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
323
spatial data themes of Annex I are available on the INSPIRE website (European
Commission, December 2014).
Also available are the framework documents for the devlopment of the INSPIRE
data specifications, updated to reflect experience with Annex I data themes.
INSPIRE data specifications reached an important milestone in June 2011 with the
delivery by the TWGs of Data Specifications Version 2.0 for Annex II & III Data
Themes, the launch of stakeholder consultation and the start of testing of the
proposed specifications. Success in reaching this point while respecting tight
deadlines was due to the expertise, dedication and commitment of all the experts
involved and the support they received from their organizations.
Objections received during the consultation and testing period have been resolved
and the Implementing Rule Legal Act for Annex II and III has been drafted. The
draft is currently under revision by the services of the Commission. When exactly
the INSPIRE Committee expressed an opinion on the proposed legal act in the the
translations which are available from the early 2013. The 3.0 versions of the draft
TGs for all 25 themes covered in INSPIRE Annexes II and III were published on
the INSPIRE web site.
3.4 Monitoring and Reporting
On 5 June 2009, the Commission Decision implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to monitoring and reporting
was adopted (European Commission 2009b).
A document explaining the rationale for the selected indicators, as well as
guidelines and a Microsoft Excel template for reporting, have been developed and
made available. These documents can be found on the INSPIRE website in the
section on monitoring and reporting. Quantitative monitoring takes place annually,
while reports covering more qualitative aspects are required every three years
(European Commission, May 2009).
3.5 INSPIRE Geoportal
The deadline for MS to provide discovery and view services in operational mode,
according to the INSPIRE regulation on network services and data sharing was
articulated in the Comission Regulation (EU) No 1088/2018. Also the INSPIRE
metadata editor is accessible via the INSPIRE geoportal. Additional functions are
envisaged in subsequent releases.
10. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
324
Figure 3: INSPIRE Geoportal
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH – BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINIAN
GEOPORTAL
One of the primary aims of this experimental research was to provide simplified
access to countrywide geographic data through an online geoportal (named
“iGEO”), a type of web site that makes it easier for citizens, governments, and
private- sector users to find and access vast quantities of Bosnia-Herzegovinian
geographic information and related services. The geoportal has already proven its
value as an essential component of civil infrastructure planning and design. Simple
access to geospatial data is the key prerequisite for an efficient and economically
prosperous society. The geoportal in active operation means that other
governmental organizations can both use iGEO data and make their data
accessible. This is the first step in establishing a Bosnia-Herzegovinian national
geoportal as part of a national SDI. The iGEO is an experimental research
geoportal at present, but it may have the potential to become the official national
Bosnian and Herzegovinian portal for SDI.
The geoportal is based on modeled after the EU INSPIRE Directive to share
geographic information across Europe. This geoportal was created by small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
11. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
325
We were able to support the discovery of national data through the geoportal while
also providing strict access control and data quality policies. The data available
through the geoportal includes digital orthophotos, base maps, administrative units,
and land survey information (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Overlaying transparent and opaque layers: geodetic plan scale 1:1000
overlayed over the 1m orthophoto
Technically, the iGEO geoportal is a GeoServer-based set of web services allowing
access for Bosnia-Herzegovinian local municipalities, government agencies and
utility infrastructure organizations to the most precise base map data. iGEO raster
and vector layers are registered using metadata, which describes the location, age,
quality, and other characteristics of the resources (Figure 5).
With access to this information on mapping material, organizations can make
decisions based on the best resources available. iGEO represents the geoportal
component of the NSDI initiative in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this case iGEO
only has a portal component. It provides the following benefits to a wider audience:
It improves the efficiency and effectiveness of geospatial activities within
enterprises and across organizations.
It supports collaboration and cooperation among departments and
organizations by facilitating the sharing of geospatial resources regardless of
the GIS platform.
12. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
326
It attains an enterprise-level awareness of disparate geospatial data, web
services and activities.
It leverages existing geospatial resources so organizations do not duplicate
those resources or the effort in creating them.
It ensures the use of approved, high-quality datasets.
It reduces the time users spend trying to find relevant, usable geospatial
resources.
4.1 iGEO-based Datasets and Services
GeoServer provides full catalogue service web (CSW) functionality via the CSW
plug-in. Because CSW can automatically be harvested, it is easier to integrate new
services into existing spatial data infrastructure. GeoServer offers a minimal
implementation of the CSW specification that is limited compared to
implementations in more full-fledged catalogues. This is by design, as it is meant
to be as lightweight as possible while still providing the capability to offer metadata
about the contents of a GeoServer instance. Such metadata can easily be
consumed by a more complete CSW implementation that supports harvesting.
The following standard CSW operations are currently supported:
GetCapabilities
GetRecords
GetRecordById
GetDomain
DescribeRecord
The Internal Catalogue Store supports two metadata schemes:
Dublin Core
ISO Metadata Profile
We are currently working towards establishing interfaces with the GeoNetwork
platform to enable setting up an INSPIRE view service with GeoNetwork and
GeoServer.
13. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
327
Figure 5: Utilizing raster imagery – Municipality Prijedor: topographic map 1:25.000
(TK 25)
Geoportal provides the datasets concerning the following aspects:
administrative boundaries
buildings
cadastral parcels
colored DTM
scanned maps (regardless of map scale)
geographical names
hydrography networks
ortho-photographies (regardless of resolution)
railway networks
road networks
airports runways
governmental buildings
cadastral trigonometric points (levels I-IV)
14. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
328
Figure 6: Overlaying raster and vector layer/geodetic state map grid (scale
1:5000) over the orthophoto layer
The web services provided carry detailed metadata on accompanying data layers,
according to ISO/TS 19139-2:2012 Geographic information – Metadata standard
based on OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) rules (Figure 6):
Web Map Service (WMS) v1.1.1, v1.3.0 – The OGC Web Map Service interface
standard provides a simple HTTP interface for requesting geo-registered map
images from one or more distributed geospatial databases. A WMS request
defines the geographic layer(s) and area of interest to be processed. The
response to the request is one or more geo-registered map images (returned
as JPEG, PNG, etc) that can be displayed in a browser. The interface also
supports the ability to specify whether the returned images should be
transparent so that layers from multiple servers can be combined.
Web Feature Service (WFS) v1.0.0, v1.1.0, v2.0.0 – The OGC Web Feature
Service interface standard provides an interface allowing requests for
geographical features across the web using platform-independent calls. One
can consider geographical features as the "source code" behind a map,
whereas the WMS interface or online tiled mapping portals like Google Maps
return only an image, which end- users cannot edit or spatially analyze.
15. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
329
Web Coverage Service (WCS) v1.0.0, v1.1.0, v1.1.1 – The OGC Web
Coverage Service interface standard offers multi-dimensional coverage data
for access over the Internet. WCS extension standards add further functionality;
some of these are required in addition to the core to obtain a complete
implementation. This also holds for geography markup language (GML) as a
coverage delivery format: while GML constitutes the canonical format for the
definition of WCS, it is not required by this core that a concrete instance of a
WCS service implements the GML coverage format. WCS extensions
specifying the use of data encoding formats in the context of WCS are designed
in such a way that the GML coverage informational content specified in this
core are consistent with the content of encoded coverage.
Web Map Tiled Service (WMTS) v1.0.0 – WMTS complements earlier efforts
to develop services for the web-based distribution of cartographic maps. The
OGC WMTS provides a complementary approach to the OGC Web Map
Service (WMS) for tiling maps. WMS focuses on rendering custom maps and
is an ideal solution for dynamic data or custom styled maps (combined with the
OGC Style Layer Descriptor (SLD) standard). WMTS trades the flexibility of
custom map rendering for the scalability possible by serving static data (base
maps) in which the bounding box and scales have been constrained to discrete
tiles. The fixed set of tiles allows for the implementation of a WMTS service
using a web server that simply returns existing files. The fixed set of tiles also
enables the use of standard network mechanisms for scalability, such as
distributed cache systems.
Catalogue Services for the Web (CSW) v3.0 – OGC catalogue services support
the ability to publish and search collections of descriptive information (metadata)
for data, services, and related information objects. Metadata in catalogues
represent resource characteristics that can be queried and presented for
evaluation and further processing by both humans and software. Catalogue
services are required to support the discovery and binding to registered
information resources within an information community. OGC Catalogue
interface standards specify the interfaces, bindings and provide a framework
for defining application profiles required to publish and access digital
catalogues of metadata for geospatial data, services and related resource
information. Metadata act as generalized properties that can be queried and
returned through catalogue services for resource evaluation, as well as, in
many cases, invocation or retrieval of the referenced resource. Catalogue
services support the use of one of several identified query languages to find
and return results using well-known content models (metadata schemas) and
encodings.
Streaming KML v2.2 – KML is an XML language focused on geographic
visualization, including annotation of maps and images. Geographic
16. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
330
visualization includes not only the presentation of graphical data on the globe,
but also the control of the user's navigation in the sense of where to go and
where to look. From this perspective, KML is complementary to most of the key
existing OGC standards including GML (Geography Markup Language), WFS
(Web Feature Service) and WMS (Web Map Service). Currently, KML v2.2
utilizes certain geometry elements derived from GML v2.1.2. These elements
include point, line string, linear ring, and polygon.
Geography Markup Language (GML) – The OGC GML Encoding Standard is
an XML grammar for expressing geographical features. GML serves as a
modeling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange
format for geographic transactions on the Internet. As with most XML based
grammars, there are two parts to the grammar – the schema that describes the
document and the instance document that contains the actual data. A GML
document is described using a GML Schema. This allows users and
developers to describe generic geographic data sets that contain points, lines
and polygons (Figure 7).
During the process of postprocessing, we took data originally provided, then
standardized the data in terms of content and metadata. All data provided by iGEO
are serviceable by all the before mentioned web services.
Figure 7: Point-wise vector layer visualization/cadastral trigonometric points over
the topographic map layer
17. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
331
4.1.1 Supported client software platforms for iGEO
Supported commercial client platforms:
Autodesk AutoCAD Map 3D
Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D
ESRI ArcGIS Desktop
MapInfo Professional
Bentley MicroStation
Intergraph GeoMedia
Supported open source client platforms (Figure 8):
MapWindow GIS
GRASS GIS
Quantum GIS
gvSIG, SAGA GIS, JUMP GIS and many others.
Figure 8: Streaming KML/KMZ services in Google Earth/Municipality Prijedor: 3D
buildings and building metadata
18. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
332
Figure 9: Streaming super-overlays in Google Earth/Municipality Banja Luka:
topographic map draped over DTM
4.1.2 Supported server software platforms for iGEO
Supported server GIS commercial platforms:
Autodesk MapGuide Infrastructure Server
Autodesk Topobase Server
ESRI ArcGIS Server
Supported server open source platforms (Figure 9):
MapGuide Server Open Source
GeoServer
MapServer and many others.
19. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
333
Figure 10: OpenLayers (web-based) representation of administrative boundaries of
Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 represent core iGEO data visualized over different
GIS platforms and existing commercial and open source applications. Specialized
software implementations based on iGEO services are presented in the following
paragraphs.
4.2 iGEO-based implementations
At this point iGEO-related experimental web services already handle data requests
from local municpalities and utility companies, such as the Municpality of Banja
Luka, the Municipality of Prijedor, the Municpiality of Gradiška, the Municipality of
Teslić, M:Tel (telecommunications provider based in the Republic of Srpska),
Vodovod i kanalzacija (RS-based local water and sewer company), Elektro-Krajina
(regional electricity company), and many others.
There are two software projects under development based on the iGEO services
geoportal as a principal data source: AreaCAD-GIS and BrownInfo. More iGEO-
based specialized applications are envisoned and their planned architectures are
at different stages of completeness by utility infrastructure organizations
regionwide.
20. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
334
4.2.1 AreaCAD-GIS
AreaCAD-GIS is INOVA informaticki inzenjering's project representing a multi-tier
GIS technology enabling organization-wide authoring and publishing spatial plans
metadata and design information quickly and easily for distribution internally or on
the web. Application targets municipal spatial (urban) planning departments’
productivity improvement and reduction of the time necessary for the issuing of
building permits and tracking of their execution, as well as building legalization
issues (Figure 11). It also serves as a bridge between a centralized municipal GIS
repository and spatial planner acquisition tools using various types of thin clients –
to display acquired cadastral and urban data.
Figure 11: City of Prijedor's municipal AreaCAD-GIS Server web portal
AreaCAD-GIS utilizes iGEO-based web services to query and visualize Bosnia-
Herzegovinian administrative data and topographic maps (Figure 12).
21. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
335
Figure 12: City of Banja Luka's municipal AreaCAD-GIS implementation running on
the Autodesk Map 3D platform
4.2.2 BrownInfo
BrowInfo is a University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering
and Geodesy research project initiated with the aim of defining universal standards
of identification, inventory and classification of brownfield sites in order to devise
sets of effective methods for the collection, systematization, presentation and
storage of brownfield-related data for use in the future as a basis for decisions on
starting brownfield regeneration projects.
22. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
336
Figure 13: BrownInfo software implementation related to Business Zone Incel,
Banja Luka
BrownInfo software utilizes iGEO-based web services to query and visualize utility
infrastructure data and orthophoto maps for targeted Banja Luka region (Poslovna
zona Incel/Business Zone Incel).
5. CONCLUSION
Eleven years after INSPIRE was conceived and five years after its formal adoption,
we can see clear results and benefits. Every day, more and more spatial data within
the framework of INSPIRE become available throughout the EU e.g. Geodata
Services for European soil data (Feiden et al. 2011). They may not yet be
harmonized, because that process is just beginning, but data are already available
for discovery and viewing.
The INSPIRE process has involved hundreds of experts and professionals from all
over Europe. The complexity of this participatory approach is certainly innovative,
not only in relation to the development of SDIs, but also more generally for the
formulation of public policy at the European level.
Moreover, the main stakeholders have already been “inspired” in each country as
well as at the European level, which has triggered many other initiatives.
Awareness has been raised throughout the public sector and individuals and
organizations have been encouraged to think about their roles and the datasets for
which they are responsible.
All eyes are now clearly focused on the MS. Their experiences of implementing
INSPIRE in the coming period will be crucial for the planning and preparatory
activities already started for the review of the INSPIRE Directive.
23. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
337
The efficient implementation of INSPIRE also involves cost–benefit considerations,
which are a core part of the process. It is important to raise awareness, especially
among users, of the need to monitor the benefits, which will not immediately be
obvious.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina there is no official strategy for establishing NSDI, there
are just borderline strategies at the entity level for Republika Srpska and the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Administrative borders and complex
relations between these two entities have resulted in a situation in which we are
still waiting for Bosnia and Herzegovina to officially adopt a national strategy for
NSDI. Our idea for the future is that after adopting this strategy, iGEO portal will
play the role of the core component for NSDI services.
REFERENCES
Annoni, A. (2006). JRC and INSPIRE Interoperability. GIM International, Vol. 20,
No. 3.
Cetl, V., Bačić, Ž., Rašić, Lj. (2009a). NSDI Framework in Croatia, GIM
International, Vol. 23, No. 12.
Craglia, M. (2010). Building INSPIRE: The Spatial Data Infrastructure for Europe,
Arc News, 5-7, Redlands, California.
European Commission (2003a). Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the re-use of the public sector
information L345/90.
European Commission (2003b). Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on the public access to enviromental
information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC, L41/26.
European Commission (2010b). Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23
November 2010 Implementing Directive 2007/2/EC the European
Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets
and services.
European Commission (2011). Commission Regulation (EU) No 102/2011 of 04
February amending Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 Implementing Directive
2007/2/EC the European Parliament and of the Council as regards
interoperability of spatial data sets and services.
European Comission (2009b). Comission Regulation of 5 June 2009
Impelementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council as regards monitornig and reporting.
24. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2018, Vol.13, 315-338
338
Feiden, K. (2011). Best practice network GS SOIL promoting access to European
interoperable and INSPIRE compilant soil information, IFIP Advance in
information ans Comunication Technology, No. 359, pp 226-234.
Groot, R. and McLaughlin, J. (2000). Geospatial Data Infrastructure: Concepts,
cases and good practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Messer, I. (2012). INSPIRE's Shift Emphasis. GIM International, Vol. 26, No.5.
Phillips, J., Rajagopalan, B., Cane, M., and Rosenzweig, C., (1999). The role of
ENSO in determining climate and maize yield variability in the U.S. cornbelt.
Int. J. Climatol., 19, pp 877-888.
Poslončec-Petrič, V., Cetl, V., and Babić, K. (2011). Uspostava baze prostornih
podataka, Građevinar, Vol. 63 No. 12, pp 1087-1093.
European Comission (2016a): INSPIRE knowledge base Retrieved from
http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ on 20.08.2016
European Commission JRC, December 2013: INSPIRE Metadata Implementing
Rules Technical Guidelines: Highlight of key changes between version 1.2
and version 1.3 Retrieved from https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/Technical-
Guidelines2/Metadata/6541 on 27.04.2018.
European Commission, December 2010: Commission Regulation amending
Regulation (EC) No 976/2009 as regards download services and
transformation Retrieved from https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/network-
services/41 on 27.04.2018.
European Commission, December 2014: Commission Regulation (EU) No
1312/2014 of 10 December 2014 amending Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010
implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council as regards interoperability of spatial data services Retrieved from
https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/data-specifications/2892 on 27.04.2018.
European Commission, May 2009: Commission Decision regarding INSPIRE
monitoring and reporting Retrieved from
https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/monitoring-and-reporting/69 on 27.04.2018.