The document discusses key aspects of the normal distribution. It explains that a normal distribution is symmetrical and that percentages of observations can be determined within standard deviations of the mean. It also outlines the 68-95-99.7% rule where 68% of values lie within 1 standard deviation of the mean, 95% within 2 standard deviations, and 99.7% within 3 standard deviations. The document provides details on how to calculate standard scores or z-scores.
Boletín Estudios Políticos N° 8 Desafíos del Voto Residencial en El Salvador:...FUSADES
Para el año 2012, el Tribunal Supremo
Electoral ampliará el voto residencial
de 21 a 185 municipios; esto
representa un 70% de los municipios
y el 47.30% del padrón electoral.
Serán entonces más de dos millones
de electores los beneficiados
con esta modalidad que viene
implementándose desde el año
2006. Si bien el avance es alentador,
debe recordarse que El Salvador es el
único país latinoamericano que no
cuenta con acercamiento de urnas
como herramienta para incentivar la
participación de los votantes.
El reto de la autoridad electoral,
además de ampliar a nivel nacional
el voto residencial, se basa
principalmente en la posibilidad
que el elector cuente con un centro
de votación cerca de su domicilio.
La distancia entre su residencia y el
lugar donde debe votar, debe ser la
mínima, de tal forma que el votante
no dude, por lo menos en relación al
esfuerzo para desplazarse, en ejercer
el derecho ciudadano de elegir a sus
autoridades. Los centros de votación
deberían ubicarse en el cantón,
barrio, calle o colonia más cercano al
domicilio del elector. Una medida que
no cumpla con estas características
impedirá que los ciudadanos
reconozcan el esfuerzo del Tribunal
Supremo Electoral, no obstante la
ampliación considerable con la que
contará el voto residencial para las
elecciones legislativas y municipales
del 11 de marzo de 2012.
Boletín Estudios Políticos N° 8 Desafíos del Voto Residencial en El Salvador:...FUSADES
Para el año 2012, el Tribunal Supremo
Electoral ampliará el voto residencial
de 21 a 185 municipios; esto
representa un 70% de los municipios
y el 47.30% del padrón electoral.
Serán entonces más de dos millones
de electores los beneficiados
con esta modalidad que viene
implementándose desde el año
2006. Si bien el avance es alentador,
debe recordarse que El Salvador es el
único país latinoamericano que no
cuenta con acercamiento de urnas
como herramienta para incentivar la
participación de los votantes.
El reto de la autoridad electoral,
además de ampliar a nivel nacional
el voto residencial, se basa
principalmente en la posibilidad
que el elector cuente con un centro
de votación cerca de su domicilio.
La distancia entre su residencia y el
lugar donde debe votar, debe ser la
mínima, de tal forma que el votante
no dude, por lo menos en relación al
esfuerzo para desplazarse, en ejercer
el derecho ciudadano de elegir a sus
autoridades. Los centros de votación
deberían ubicarse en el cantón,
barrio, calle o colonia más cercano al
domicilio del elector. Una medida que
no cumpla con estas características
impedirá que los ciudadanos
reconozcan el esfuerzo del Tribunal
Supremo Electoral, no obstante la
ampliación considerable con la que
contará el voto residencial para las
elecciones legislativas y municipales
del 11 de marzo de 2012.
Comercio Internacional: Explicación gráfica de las responsabilidades y obligaciones de compradores y vendedores en el comercio internacional, de acuerdo a la cláusula contratada.
Comercio Internacional: Explicación gráfica de las responsabilidades y obligaciones de compradores y vendedores en el comercio internacional, de acuerdo a la cláusula contratada.
Frequencies, Proportion, Graphs
February 8th, 2016
Frequency, Percentages, and Proportions
Frequency number of participants or cases.
Denoted by the symbol f.
N can also mean frequency.
f=50 or N=50 had a score of 80. Both mean that 50 people had a score of 80.
Percentage, number per 100 who have a certain characteristic.
64% of registered voters are Democrats; each 100 registered voters 64 are Democrats
To determine how many are Democrats
Multiply the total number of registered voters by .64; if we have 2,200 registered voters; .64 X 2200=1408 are democrats.
2
Percentage and Proportions
Percentages
32 of 96 children reported that a dog is their favorite animal ; 32/96=.33*100=33% of these students like dogs.
Interpretation: Based on this sample, out of 100 participants from the same population, we can expect about 33 of them to report that dogs are their favorite animal.
Proportions is part of numeral 1.
Proportion of children who like dogs is .33
Meaning that 33 hundredths of the children like dogs.
Percentages are easier to interpret.
Percentages Cont’d
Good to report the sample size with the frequency
Percentages can help us understand differences between groups of individuals
College ACollege BNumber of Education MajorsN=500N=800Early Childhood EducationN= 400 (80%)N=600
(75%)
Shapes of Distributions
Frequency distribution
Number of participants have each score
Remember that we are describing our data
X (Score)f2522442352110207194181171N=34
Frequency Polygon
Histogram
Shapes of Distributions Cont’d
Normal Distribution
Most Important shape (shape found in nature)
Heights of 10 year old boys in a large population
Bell-shaped curve
Used for inferential Statistics
Skewed Distributions
Skew: most frequent scores are clustered at one end of the distribution
The symmetry of the distribution.
Positive skew (scores bunched at low values with the tail pointing to high values).
Negative skew (scores bunched at high values with the tail pointing to low values).
Consider how groups differ depending on their standard deviation.
68% of the cases lie within one standard deviation unit of the mean in a normal distribution.
95% of the cases lie within two standard deviation unit of the mean in a normal distribution
99% of the cases lie within three standard deviation unit of the mean in a normal distribution
Standard Deviation and the Normal Distribution
February 1, 2016
Descriptive Statistics
Number of Children in families
Order of finish in the Boston Marathon
Grading System (A, B, C, D, F)
Level of Blood Sugar
Time required to complete a maze
Political Party Affiliation
Amount of gasoline consumed
Majors in College
IQ scores
Number of Fatal Accidents
Level of Measurement Examples
2
Types of Statistics
We use descriptive statistics to summarize data
Think about measures of central tendency and variability
We use correlational statistics to describe the relationship between two variables
Considered as a ...
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
3.2: Measures of Variation
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Normal Distributions
Please note that you need the corresponding
graphs to understand what is written in the
powerpoint
Also, the standard score equation has not been
given in the last slide
K McMullen 2012
3. Normal Distribution
The normal distribution is used when the data set
is roughly symmetrical
In normal distributions, the percentage of
observations that lie within a certain number of
standard deviations of the mean can always be
determined.
Generally, we focus on only one, two or three
standard deviations from the mean
K McMullen 2012
4. Normal Distribution
The normal distribution always has the mean
directly in the middle
The standard deviations are evenly spaced from
the mean
99.97% of the data falls within 3 standard
deviations of the mean therefore, when drawing
the standard deviation, we tend to only go 3
standard deviations below the mean and 3
standard deviations above the mean
K McMullen 2012
5. Normal Distribution
Looking within the standard deviations
The 68-95-99.7% rule
68% of the values lie within 1 standard deviation
of the mean
95% of the values lie within 2 standard deviations
of the mean
99.7% of the values lie within 3 standard
deviations of the mean
K McMullen 2012
6. Normal Distribution
Looking above or below the standard deviations
16% is above 1 standard deviation from the mean
16% is below 1 standard deviation from the mean
2.5% is above 2 standard deviations from the
mean
2.5% is below 2 standard deviations from the
mean
0.15% is above 3 standard deviations from the
mean
0.15% is below 3 standard deviations from the
mean
K McMullen 2012
7. Normal Distribution
Standard Scores (z-scores)
The 68-95-99.97% rule makes the standard
deviation a natural measuring stick for normally
distributed data
Standardising data allows us to see how a value
relates to the mean
The mean is 0, therefore:
A positive z-score indicates the data value lies
above the mean
A zero z-score indicates the data value is equal to
the mean
A negative z-score indicates that the data value lies
below the mean
K McMullen 2012
