F.Sc. Part 1 Chemistry.Ch.02.Test (Malik Xufyan)

1. th
Maliks Chemistry -9 Class
(Board Paper-wise Test Series)
th
Maliks Chemistry -10 Class
(Board Paper -wise Test Series)
Maliks Chemistry - F.Sc. l
(Board Paper -wise Test Series)
Maliks Chemistry- F.Sc. ll
(Board Paper -wise Test Series)
5
6
7
8
th
Maliks Chemistry -9 Class
(Chapter-wise Test Series)
th
Maliks Chemistry -10 Class
(Chapter-wise Test Series)
Maliks Chemistry - F.Sc. l
(Chapter-wise Test Series)
Maliks Chemistry- F.Sc. ll
(Chapter-wise Test Series)
1
2
3
4
Msc.Chemistry
CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
Chapter-wise
Test Series
Malik Xufyan
JIAS ACADEMY
Malik
Jhang Ins tute for Advanced Studies
0313-7355727
Our Other Publica ons
Jhang Ins tuteJhang Ins tuteJhang Ins tute
for Advance Studies
Jhang Sadar

2. CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
(Chapter-wise Test Series)
Malik Xufyan
JIAS ACADEMY
Malik
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺨﺒﺮی‬
Jhang Ins tute for Advanced Studies
Contact:
0313-7355727

3. Chapter # Topic Page #
Basic concepts – Unsolved paper1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
5
6
16
17
24
25
36
37
45
46
54
55
64
65
73
74
83
84
93
94
103
104
Experimental Techniques – Solved Paper
Gases – Unsolved Paper
Gases – Solved Paper
Liquid – Unsolved Paper
Liquid – Solved Paper
Atomic Structure – Unsolved Paper
Atomic Structure – Solved Paper
Chemical Bonding –Unsolved Paper
Chemical Bonding – Solved Paper
Thermochemistry – Unsolved Paper
Thermochemistry – Solved Paper
Chemical Equilibrium – Unsolved Paper
Chemical Equilibrium – Solved Paper
Solu on – Unsolved Paper
Solu on – Solved Paper
Electrochemistry – Unsolved Paper
Electrochemistry – Solved Paper
Chemical Kine cs – Unsolved Paper
Chemical Kine cs – Solved Paper
Basic concepts – Solved Paper
Experimental techniques – Unsolved Paper
INDEX

5. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemistry
Jhang Institute for Advanced17
Name : CH # Experimental Techniques Class 11th
Chemistry Test # 02 , CH # 02 (Complete) Marks : 85
Time : 2 & Half Hour Objective & Subjective JIAS Test System
Section-I: Objectives
1. Choose the correct answer.
Sr # Statement A B C D
1. A quantitative determination
involves
2 steps 3 steps 4 steps None
2. Ninhydrin acid is used for Locating agent Stationary phase Spraying phase Mobile phase
3. A chemical characterization of a
compound must include
Q u a l i t a t i v e
analysis
Quantitative
analysis
Both None
4. The filter paper is a porous material
used for
Contraction Filtration Extension None
5. Whatmann grade filter paper is
used for
Paper
chromatography
Column
chromatography
Partition Descending
6 Thin film of absorbed water on
cellulose act as
Stationery phase Mobile phase Mixed phase None
7. The solid remained on the filter
paper during filtration is called
Molecule Photon Residue Proton
8. Rate of filtration can be increased
using
Desiccators Cold finger All
9. The most common solvent use for
solvent extraction in lab is
Ether Water Filter paper Ethanol
10. In paper chromatography stationary
phase
Gas Water Filter paper None
11. The drying agents used in vaccum
desicator are
CaCl2
Silica gel All None
12. A fluted filter paper can Increase the rate
of filtration
Decrease the
rate of filtration
Stop the
filtration
Have no effect
13. Size of filter paper is selected
according to
Precipitates Solution Solid particles Water
14. The result of qualitative and
quantitative analysis is called
Analytical data Continuous data C o m p o u n d
data
Discrete data
15. Solvent extraction is an equilibrium
process and is controlled by
Law of mass
action
Partition law Amount of
solute
None
16. The word chromatography
originates from
Chromatos Kharomatos Both None
17. No preparation is needed in Gooch crucible Sintered glass
crucible
Both Filter paper

6. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemis-
Jhang Institute for Advanced Studeies 18
Section-ll: Short questions
1. Attempt only EIGHT questions 8 x 2= 16
i. How vacuum desiccators are used to dry the
crystals?
ii. Give the main uses of paper chromatogra-
phy?
iii. Name various techniques which are used for
the purification of substance?
iv. Why is there a need to crystallize the crude
products?
v. What is chromatography? Give its origin?
vi. What is Rf value? Give its formula?
vii. What is solvent extraction?
viii. What is distribution law?
ix. What is Gooch crucible?
x. What is filtration?
2. Attempt only SIX questions 6 X 2 = 12
i. Define sublimation with an example.
ii. Differentiate between adsorption and parti-
tion chromatography.
iii. Define mother liquor? How the crystals can
be obtained from mother liquor?
iv. Rate of filtration through funnel can be in-
creased by using a fluted filter paper why?
v. How decolonization of undesirable colour
is done?
vi. What is the role of stationary phase in chro-
matography?
vii. What are the characteristics of an ideal sol-
vent?
viii. Which solvents are mostly used for crys-
tallization?
ix. How crystals are collected?
1. Attempt any 8 questions 8 x 2 =16
i. How filter paper is folded?
ii. Differentiate between quantitative and qual-
itative analysis.
iii. Why repeated extraction is preferred?
iv. What is chromatogram?
v. What is solvent front?
vi. Filter the saturated solution when hot .why?
vii. Define analytical chemistry?
viii. What is the most common solvent in
solvent extraction method? Why we choose
ether in solvent extraction?
ix. What is the principle of chromatography?
x. What is the importance of distribution coef-
ficient?
xi. Name the different ways of paper chroma-
tography.
Section-lll: Long Questions. 8 x 3 = 24
5) Write a detailed note on solvent extraction?
6) What is chromatography also differentiating
between adsorption and partition chroma-
tography?
7) Write a detailed note on
a) Drying of the crystallized substance
b) Decolourization of the undesirable colours.
8) Write a note on paper chromatography.
9) Write a detail about crystallization and
choice of solvent?

7. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemistry
Jhang Institute for Advanced19
Section-ll: Short Questions
2. Attempt only Eight questions 8x2=16
i. How vacuum desiccators are used to dry the crystals?
Ans:
A safe and reliable method of drying crystals is through a vacuum desiccator. In this process the crys-
tals are spread over water glass and kept in a vacuum desiccator for several hours. In the desiccators
CaCl2
, silica gel or P2
O5
are used as drying agents.
ii. Give the main uses of paper chromatography?
Ans.
Use of Chromatography
• The techniques of chromatography are very useful in organic synthesis for separation, isolation, and
purification of the products.
• Mostly used for the separation of amino acids.
iii. Mention the major steps in crystallization?
1. Choice of solvent
2. Preparation of saturated solution
3. Filtration
4. Cooling
5. Collecting the crystals
6. Drying the crystallized substance
7. Decolonization of undesirable colours
iv. Name various techniques which are used for the purification of substance?
Ans:
Techniques:
1. Filtration
2. Crystallization
3. Sublimation
4. Solvent Extraction.
5. Chromatography.
v. Why is there a need to crystallize the crude products?
Ans:
When a chemical compound is synthesized, it is crude product. Crude product has some impurities.
Therefore, there is need to purify the crude product. This is done by crystallizing the compound.
vi. What is chromatography? Give its origin?
Chromatography:
It is a technique used for separating the components of a mixture. These components are separated due
to the relative affinity for stationary phase and mobile phase.
Origin:
The word chromatography originates from the Greek word ‘’Khromatos’’ meaning colour writing.
vii. What is Rf
value? Give its formula?
Ans:
Rf
: Each component has specific retardation factor called Rf
value. Rf
value is related to distribution
coefficient and is given by

8. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemis-
Jhang Institute for Advanced Studeies 20
viii. What is solvent extraction?
Ans:
Solvent extraction:
That a solute distributes itself between two immiscible liquids in a ratio irrespective of the amount of
solute added.
The ratio of the amounts of solute dissolved in two immiscible liquids at equilibrium is called distribu-
tion coefficient.The technique of solvent extraction is mostly applied to separate organic compounds
from water.
ix. What is distribution law?
Ans:
Distribution law:
This law states that a solute distribute itself between two immiscible liquids in a ratio irrespective of
the amount of solute added.
The ratio of the amounts of solute dissolved in two immiscible liquids at equilibrium is called distribu-
tion coefficient.
x. What is Gooch crucible? How is differentiate between Sintered Glass Crucible?
Sr # Gooch crucible Sintered crucible
1.
A Gooch crucible has a perforated
bottom that supports a fibrous mat.
Sintered-glass crucibles are manufactured in fine,
medium, and coarse porosities.
2.
The reagents which react with paper
e.g. HCl, KMnO4
etc. cannot be filtered
through Gooch crucible
But reactive solution like HCl, KMnO4
can be
filtered with the sintered crucible
3.
Glass mats can tolerate temperatures in
excess of 500°C and are substantially
less hygroscopic.
The upper temperature limit is usually ~200°C.
Small circles of glass matting are used
in pairs to protect against breaking
during the filtration
Made of quartz and can tolerate substantially higher
temperatures without damage. A Gooch crucible
has a perforated bottom that supports a fibrous mat
xi. What is filtration?
Ans:
Filteration:
The process in which the insoluble particles are separated from the liquid by passing through several
types of filter media is called filtration. It is used to purify products.
4. Attempt only SIX questions 6 x 2 = 12
i. Define sublimation with an example.
Ans:
Sublimation:
When substance is heated it goes directly in to vapours without passing through the liquid state and va-
pours thus formed are condensed back it form the solid on cooling once again without passing though
liquid state is called sublimation.

9. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemistry
Jhang Institute for Advanced21
Example: Iodine, NH4
Cl, naphthalene,Anthracene, benzoic acid are best examples for sublimation process
ii. What is adsorption chromatography?
Sr # Adsorption chromatography Partition Chromatography
1. Type of Chromatography in which
the stationary phase is solid, called
adsorption chromatography.
Type of Chromatography in which the
stationaryphaseisliquid,iscalledadsorption
chromatography.
2. Example of this chromatography is Thin
layer chromatography.
Example of this chromatography is paper
chromatography.
iii. Define mother liquor? How the crystals can be obtained from mother liquor?
Ans.
Mother liquor:
The remaining solution after the formation of crystals is called mother liquor.
Steps for obtaining crystals from mother liquor:
1. The mixture of crystals and mother liquor is filtered through a Gooch crucible connected with a vacu-
um pump.
2. After full suction to drain the mother liquor as effectively as possible. When the filter is rigid enough
it is pressed carefully but by firmly by means of a cork in order to drain the left over liquid.
3. The crystals are then washed will small portion of cold solvent repeating this process many times.
4. The crude mother liquor is concentrated by evaporation and it get good crops of crystals.
iv. Rate of filtration through funnel can be increased by using a fluted filter paper why?
Ans.
A fluted filter paper is prepared by folding ordinary filter paper in such a way that fan like arrangement
with alternate elevation and depression at various folds is formed.
v. How decolonization of undesirable colour is done?
Ans:
Sometimes during the preparation of crude substance, the colouring matter or resinous products affect
the appearance of product and it may appear coloured. Such impurities are conveniently removed by
boiling the substance in a solvent with the sufficient quantity of finely powdered animal charcoal and
the pure decolourized substance crystallizes out from the filtrate on cooling.
vi. What is the role of stationary phase in chromatography?
Ans:
Role of stationary phase:
The phase over which mobile phase flows in chromatography is called stationary phase.
The stationary phase may be a solid or liquid supported on a solid. It adsorbs the mixture under sepa-
ration.
Examples of stationary phase are silica gel, alumina and filter paper etc.
vii. What are the characteristics of an ideal solvent?
Ans:
Characteristics:
A solvent should have the following characteristics
1. It should dissolve a large amount of solute in its boiling part.
2. It should have no reaction with the solute.
3. It should neither dissolve the impurities, nor crystallize them with the solute.

10. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemis-
Jhang Institute for Advanced Studeies 22
4. It should be perfectly safe to use.
5. It should be easily removable.
6. It should be inexpensive.
viii. Which solvents are mostly used for crystallization?
Ans:
The solvents which are mostly used for crystallization are, water, rectified spirit, (95% ethanol), abso-
lute ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid and petroleum ether.
ix. How crystals are collected?
Ans:
Collecting the Crystals:
When the crystallization is complete, then mixture of crystals and mother liquor is filtered through
Gooch crucible using a vacuum pump. The mother liquor is removed completely by full suction. Then
the filter cake is pressed to remove the rest mother liquor. Finally the crystals are washed with small
amount of cold solvent. This process is repeated many times till pure crystals are formed. By evapora-
tion of the mother liquor we can get a fresh crop of crystals.
3. Attempt any 8 x 2 =16
i. What is fluted filter paper?
Ans:
A filter paper which is fan like arrangements with alternate elevations and depressions at various folds.
ii. How filter paper is folded?
Ans:
1) Filter paper should be folded twice. The first fold should be along the diameter, and the second fold
should be such that edges do not quite match.
2) Folded filter paper should be open slightly on the larger section. This provides a cone with three fold
thickness half way and one thickness the other half way round.
3) The apex angle is greater than 60o
.
4) The paper may be inserted in to 60 degree funnel moistened with water and firmly pressed down.
iii. What are the steps of quantitative determination?
Ans:
Steps:
There are 4 steps:
a) Obtaining a sample for analysis
b) Separation of the desired constituent
c) Measurement and calculation of results
d) Drawing conclusion from the analysis
iv. Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Ans:
Sr # Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis
1. The analysis which deals with the detection
or identification of the elements present in
a compound is called qualitative analysis.
It includes salt analysis and detection of
functional groups.
The analysis in which the relative
amounts of constituents are estimated is
called quantitative analysis. For example
combustion analysis.
2. It includes salt analysis and detection of
functional groups.
For example combustion analysis

11. Chapter#2: Expermental Techniques Malik Chemistry
Jhang Institute for Advanced23
v. Why repeated extraction is preferred?
Ans:
Repeated extractions using small portions of solvent (ether) are more efficient than using single but
larger volume of solvent. The technique is partially useful when the product is volatile or thermally
unstable.
vi. What is chromatogram?
Ans: Finished or Developed paper obtained after Chromatography is called Chromatogram:
vii. What is solvent front?
Ans: Solvent front:
The line where the solvent ends on the plate is called the solvent front and it changes with time.
viii. Filter the saturated solution when hot .why?
Ans: The hot saturated solution is filtered to remove insoluble impurities. Sometimes premature crystals
can form. It can be prevented by using hot water funnel.
ix. Define analytical chemistry?
Ans: The science of chemical characterization is called analytical chemistry.
x. What is the most common solvent in solvent extraction method? Why we choose ether in solvent
extraction?
Ans: The common solvent is ether in the solvent extraction we choose ether in the solvent extraction
because ether layer is separated and organic product is obtained by evaporating ether repeated ex-
tractions using small portions of solvent ether are more efficient than using single but larger volume
of solvent.
xi. What is the principle of chromatography
Ans.Principle:
The principle involved in the chromatography depends upon the relative solubilities of the compo-
nents, between the two phases. The distribution of the components mixture between the two phases is
governed by the distribution coefficient KD
, which is ratio of component in mobile phase to the con-
centration of component in stationary phase.
xii. What is the importance of distribution coefficient?
Ans. The component of a mixture with a small value of KD
mostly remains in the stationary phase as mov-
ing phase flows over it.
The component with a greater value of KD
remains largely dissolved in the mobile phase and passes
over the stationary phase quickly.
xiii. Name the different ways of paper chromatography.
Ans. Kinds of Paper Chromatograpy:
There are three ways of carrying out paper chromatography.
a) Ascending chromatography
b) Descending chromatography
c) Radial/Circular chromatography.
Section-lll: Long Questions. 8 x 3 = 24
5) Write a detailed note on solvent extraction?
6) What is chromatography also differentiating between adsorption and partition chromatography?
7) Write a detailed note on
a) Drying of the crystallized substance
b) Decolourization of the undesirable colours.
8) Write a note on paper chromatography.
9) Write a detail about crystallization and choice of solvent?