This project compares FTD and schizophrenia, specifically the physical anatomy, symptoms and differences in nursing practice to ultimately improve quality nursing care.

1. Mental Health Care
vsFrontotemporal
Dementia (FTD)
Schizophrenia
Created by: Alexandra Jacobs, Ryerson University,
Fourth Year, BScN Student

2. 1
Myth Fact
Dementia is a natural part of
aging. Only the elderly get
dementia.
It’s a genetic illness. If you have
a relative with schizophrenia,
you will get it too.
Frontotemporal
Dementia
----------------------
Schizophrenia
On average people living with
schizophrenia are twice as
likely to die earlier than the
general population.
(World Health Organization, 2015)

3. What is it?
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
• Degeneration of the frontal
and temporal lobes that can
lead to changes in behavior,
emotion, language and/or
muscle disturbances1.
• Types: Behavioral Variant,
Primary Progressive Aphasia
(semantic variant and non-
fluent variant)2.
• Onset at 40-60 years of age1
Schizophrenia
• Characterized by distortions
in thinking, perception,
emotions, language, sense
of self and behavior3.
• Symptoms4
– Positive & Negative
– Affective & Cognitive
• Onset4
– Late teens for men
– Late twenties for women
21. (Kurz, Kurz, Ellis, & Lautenschlager, 2014) 2. (Shinagawa et al., 2015) 3. (WHO, 2015) 4. (Shah, Qureshi, Jawaid, & Schulz, 2011)

4. Symptoms
FTD
• Behavioral Changes
• Aphasia
• Motor Function
Disturbance
Schizophrenia
• Positive
• Negative
• Affective
• Cognitive
• Consequences
3(Shinagawa et al., 2015)

5. CT Scans of the Brain
FTD
Schizophrenia
4
(Groves, 2015) (Mehta, 2014)

6. Nursing Interventions
Decrease Anxiety Levels
 Decrease sensory stimulation
 Directing patient to a quiet place
 Remain calm
 Be conscious of patient’s personal space
 Remain at the same eye level as the patient
 Listen carefully
 Summarize discussion to patient
Schizophrenia
Non-pharmacological Approach to Combat
Medicinal Side Effects
 Psychological Symptoms
 Allowing patient time to
process/respond
 Encourage list making
 Minimize anxiety
 Extrapyramidal Symptoms
 Passive range of motion exercises
 Reduce anxiety
 Other
 Education on diet and exercise
 Lifestyle changes
Decrease Social Misconduct
 Old hobbies/games
 Routine care
 Create homelike environment
 Including patient’s portrait in room
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Enhance Attention
Repetitive rehearsal
 Procedural learning
 Demonstrating the steps of eating
to a patient
Increase Food Consumption
 Contrasting colors
 Incorporating more visually appealing food
items with bright colours
 Sweet Foods
 Apple sauce
 Increased lighting in dining area
 Family style dining
 Allow patients to interact with co-patients
during mealtime

7. Lack of Medication Adherence - Schizophrenia
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PSYCH
MOTOR
OTHER
• Difficulty concentrating
• Trouble remembering
• Difficulty staying awake
• Slowing of movements
• Muscle stiffness
• Shakiness
• Muscle spasms
• Weight gain
• Weight loss
Side Effects of Medication
• Allow time to
process/respond
• Encourage list making
• Encourage active
engagement in tasks
• Minimize Anxiety
• Passive range of motion
exercises
• Reduce anxiety
• Education on diet, exercise
and lifestyle changes
What We Can Do?
(Chiang, Klainin-Yobas, Ignacio, & Chng, 2011)

8. Elyn Saks: A Tale of Mental Illness - from the Inside
• TED TALK
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“The stigma against mental health is so powerful that I
didn't’t feel safe with people knowing” - Elyn Saks

9. References
Chiang, Y., Klainin-Yobas, P., Ignacio, J., & Chng, C. (2011). The impact of antipsychotic side effects on
attitudes towards medication in people with schizophrenia and related disorders. Journal of Clinical
Nursing, 15-16(20), 2172-2182. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03659.
Folsom, D., Lebowitz, B., Lindamer, L., Palmer, B., Patterson, T., & Jeste, D. (2006). Schizophrenia in
late life: Emerging issues. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 8(1), 45-52.
Goldberg, T., & Green, M. (2002). Neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia: An
overview. In Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress (pp. 657-662).
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Groves, S. (2015, January 22). Rare dementia ravages people in midlife. The Delphos Herald.
Retrieved from http://www.delphosherald.com/Content/Social/Social/Article/Rare-dementia-
ravages-people-in-midlife/-2/-2/190626
Kurz, A., Kurz, C., Ellis, K., & Lautenschlager, N. T. (2014). What is frontotemporal dementia?
Maturitas, doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.07.001
Mehta, N. (2014, April 1). The mystery of schizophrenia. Live Mint: e- Newspaper. Retrieved from
http://www.livemint.com/Specials/jgAURoNbTXxWPfa5uJD4vI/The-mystery-of-schizophrenia.html
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10. References Cont’d
Mendez, M., Licht, E., & Shapira, J. (2008). Changes in dietary or eating behavior in frontotemporal
dementia versus alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other
Dementias®, 23(3), 280-285. doi:10.1177/1533317507313140
Saunders, J. C. (2009). Perioperative nursing care of patients with schizophrenia. AORN Journal,
89(5), 893-897. doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2009.04.010
Shah, J., Qureshi, S., Jawaid, A., & Schulz, P. (2011). Is There Evidence for Late Cognitive Decline in
Chronic Schizophrenia? Psychiatr Q Psychiatric Quarterly, 127-144
Shinagawa, S., Nakajima, S., Plitman, E., Graff-Guerro, A., Mimura, M., Nakayama, K., & Miller, B.
(2015). Non-pharmacological management for patients with frontotemporal dementia: A systematic
review. Journal of Alzheimer Disease, 45, 283-293.
World Health Organization. (2015). WHO: Schizophrenia. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs397/en/
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