Professor Frank Murray, Consultant Gastroenterologist and chair of national alcohol policy group, RCPI, speaks about alcohol-related harm in Ireland at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference "Time Please... For Change".
Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases - an English Approach. Lynam E. Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy; 2010).
BLOOD PRESSURE- WORLD HEALTH DAY 2013 Naveen Kumar
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against vessel walls and is measured in mmHg. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure and other complications if left uncontrolled. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, weight control and reducing salt intake can help control blood pressure for some, while others may require medication in addition to maintain healthy blood pressure levels.
This document provides guidelines for lowering high blood pressure in adults. It outlines that hypertension is very common, affecting 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. It can damage organs like the brain, heart, kidneys, and arteries. The guidelines recommend treating hypertension to a goal of below 140/90 mmHg or 130/80 mmHg for those with diabetes or kidney disease to reduce health risks. Lifestyle changes like losing weight, eating healthy, reducing sodium, and increasing exercise can naturally lower blood pressure. Medications may also be needed to control hypertension. Patients should be regularly monitored until their blood pressure is controlled.
The document discusses the history and effects of alcohol use. It describes how the temperance movement sought to curb alcohol abuse in the early 1800s. The 18th amendment established prohibition in 1920 but was later repealed due to problems with illegal alcohol trade. Moderate drinking is generally safe but binge and heavy drinking can negatively impact the brain, liver, heart and increase cancer risk. The highest rates of alcohol consumption and binge drinking are seen in college students and young adults.
This document provides information on cardiovascular risk factors and interventions for prevention and treatment. It discusses modifiable risk factors like smoking, diabetes, diet, physical activity, and alcohol intake. It reviews evidence for nonpharmacological interventions like weight loss, dietary modifications, exercise, and moderation of alcohol. It also summarizes several clinical trials demonstrating the benefits of statin therapy in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for stroke globally. Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with low and middle income countries like those in Africa having the highest burden. While prevention through control of risk factors like hypertension is critical, many resource-limited areas lack adequate acute stroke care and rehabilitation services.
This document discusses risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. It begins by defining cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease. It then discusses the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, providing statistics on deaths and prevalence rates in various parts of the world. The major risk factors discussed include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress. Strategies for prevention and intervention at the population level, high-risk level, and secondary prevention level are described. Clinical trials investigating risk factor modification are also summarized.
This document discusses various topics related to alcohol including definitions of drinking levels, biomarkers of alcohol consumption, metabolism and effects of alcohol, and treatment for alcohol use disorder. It defines moderate, binge, and heavy drinking. It describes the absorption, distribution, and elimination of alcohol as well as oxidative and non-oxidative metabolic pathways. The document also discusses short and long-term effects of alcohol on the brain, heart, and liver and genetic and epigenetic factors related to alcoholism. Treatment approaches including identification, intervention, detoxification, rehabilitation, and approved medications are outlined.
Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases - an English Approach. Lynam E. Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy; 2010).
BLOOD PRESSURE- WORLD HEALTH DAY 2013 Naveen Kumar
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against vessel walls and is measured in mmHg. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure and other complications if left uncontrolled. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, weight control and reducing salt intake can help control blood pressure for some, while others may require medication in addition to maintain healthy blood pressure levels.
This document provides guidelines for lowering high blood pressure in adults. It outlines that hypertension is very common, affecting 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. It can damage organs like the brain, heart, kidneys, and arteries. The guidelines recommend treating hypertension to a goal of below 140/90 mmHg or 130/80 mmHg for those with diabetes or kidney disease to reduce health risks. Lifestyle changes like losing weight, eating healthy, reducing sodium, and increasing exercise can naturally lower blood pressure. Medications may also be needed to control hypertension. Patients should be regularly monitored until their blood pressure is controlled.
The document discusses the history and effects of alcohol use. It describes how the temperance movement sought to curb alcohol abuse in the early 1800s. The 18th amendment established prohibition in 1920 but was later repealed due to problems with illegal alcohol trade. Moderate drinking is generally safe but binge and heavy drinking can negatively impact the brain, liver, heart and increase cancer risk. The highest rates of alcohol consumption and binge drinking are seen in college students and young adults.
This document provides information on cardiovascular risk factors and interventions for prevention and treatment. It discusses modifiable risk factors like smoking, diabetes, diet, physical activity, and alcohol intake. It reviews evidence for nonpharmacological interventions like weight loss, dietary modifications, exercise, and moderation of alcohol. It also summarizes several clinical trials demonstrating the benefits of statin therapy in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for stroke globally. Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with low and middle income countries like those in Africa having the highest burden. While prevention through control of risk factors like hypertension is critical, many resource-limited areas lack adequate acute stroke care and rehabilitation services.
This document discusses risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. It begins by defining cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease. It then discusses the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, providing statistics on deaths and prevalence rates in various parts of the world. The major risk factors discussed include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress. Strategies for prevention and intervention at the population level, high-risk level, and secondary prevention level are described. Clinical trials investigating risk factor modification are also summarized.
This document discusses various topics related to alcohol including definitions of drinking levels, biomarkers of alcohol consumption, metabolism and effects of alcohol, and treatment for alcohol use disorder. It defines moderate, binge, and heavy drinking. It describes the absorption, distribution, and elimination of alcohol as well as oxidative and non-oxidative metabolic pathways. The document also discusses short and long-term effects of alcohol on the brain, heart, and liver and genetic and epigenetic factors related to alcoholism. Treatment approaches including identification, intervention, detoxification, rehabilitation, and approved medications are outlined.
Represents 30% of all deaths worldwide (15 million deaths/year)
Leading cause of death and disability
CVD burden in developing countries
Risk factors worldwide
1) The document discusses heart disease (also called coronary artery disease), which occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup, limiting blood flow to the heart.
2) It identifies several major risk factors for heart disease, including high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3) The document provides recommendations for preventing heart disease through a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, regular exercise, not smoking, and monitoring key health numbers like cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels.
The document discusses hypertension in Malaysia, including:
1) The prevalence of hypertension in Malaysia is 25.7% overall, affecting 1 in 4 adults aged 25-64, with known hypertensives numbering 1.4 million and newly diagnosed at 1.7 million.
2) Control rates remain low with only 8% of hypertensives in Malaysia achieving blood pressure control, compared to over 30% in the United States.
3) Recommendations are made to improve management of hypertension through risk stratification, emphasis on first-line therapies such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics and calcium channel blockers, and addressing concomitant conditions through appropriate drug selections.
This document discusses the primary care approach to patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding screening tools, interventions, and managing emergencies for AUD patients. It then presents a case study and discusses diagnostic approaches, including screening tools and lab tests. Management depends on severity and includes medical assessment, goals, detoxification if needed, and relapse prevention. Brief interventions, medications, and treatments targeting comorbidities are outlined. The document concludes with prevention strategies and references.
This document discusses alcohol use disorders and their management. It begins by defining alcohol and its mechanisms of action in the body. It then discusses various alcohol-related terminologies and the epidemiology of alcohol use disorders. It describes the signs and symptoms of acute intoxication and withdrawal syndromes. Finally, it outlines the general principles for managing alcohol dependence, including detoxification and treatment of complications.
Dr Jean Long of the Health Research Board speaks about alcohol trends and public attitudes at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference "Time Please... For Change".
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Preventing heart disease involves maintaining a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, exercising regularly, not smoking, monitoring cholesterol and other health numbers, and treating conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. Making lifestyle changes and managing risk factors can significantly reduce the chances of developing heart disease.
A series of practical resources to enable leaders and professionals with direct reach to communities and an established, trusted relationship, for example community leaders, social prescribing link workers and faith leaders, to support their communities to reduce their risk of becoming seriously ill from Covid-19
This patient is a 45-year-old premenopausal nonsmoker with a sedentary lifestyle and family history of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Her labs show a total cholesterol of 236 mg/dL, triglycerides of 200 mg/dL, LDL-C of 140 mg/dL, and HDL-C of 46 mg/dL. She meets the criteria for metabolic syndrome due to her abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL-C, and blood pressure. Though her LDL-C is below threshold for drug therapy, lifestyle changes are recommended to control her metabolic syndrome and lower her cardiovascular risk.
1. Alcohol use disorder is defined as having difficulties in at least 2 of 11 life areas due to alcohol use over a 12-month period. The lifetime risk is 10-15% for men and 5-8% for women.
2. Consuming more than 3 standard drinks per day increases risks for cancer, vascular disease, and decreases life expectancy by about 10 years. Heavy drinking can also lead to alcoholic ketoacidosis, neurotransmission changes, and organ damage.
3. Treatment involves recognizing alcohol use disorder in at least 20% of patients, identifying and treating acute alcohol-related conditions, helping patients address their alcohol problems, and referring for additional treatment as needed.
Heart Disease, Prevention of Heart DiseaseJack Frost
1) Heart disease is the number one killer worldwide caused by a buildup of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.
2) Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3) To prevent heart disease, one should eat a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, exercise regularly, maintain a healthy weight, control blood pressure and cholesterol levels, quit smoking, and limit alcohol intake. Regular screening is important to modify risks and catch issues early.
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
This document discusses the health risks and costs associated with meat consumption, milk consumption, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and addictive drug abuse. It then provides information on the health benefits and cost savings of abstaining from or reducing consumption of these substances. Specifically, it notes that a vegetarian diet lowers the risk of various diseases. It also outlines reductions in alcohol-related deaths, crimes, and traffic accidents that result from alcohol bans. Bans on tobacco use are shown to decrease heart attacks and respiratory illnesses while also saving businesses costs. Abstaining from addictive drugs is associated with reduced crime rates, health care costs, and risk of overdose deaths.
1) The lecture discussed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment for nursing students. CVD is a major cause of death worldwide and in Ethiopia.
2) It reviewed various CVD risk factors and scoring systems to assess individual risk, such as the WHO/ISH charts. Risk factors include age, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes.
3) Prevention strategies were outlined for both primary prevention of high-risk individuals and secondary prevention for those with existing CVD. Lifestyle changes and medications aim to reduce modifiable risk factors and prevent further events.
The document discusses World Heart Day 2023, which has the theme "Use Heart to Know Heart." The day aims to unite people worldwide in fighting heart disease and promoting heart-healthy lifestyles. Cardiovascular disease is the world's number one killer, responsible for over 20 million deaths annually. However, 80% of premature deaths from cardiovascular disease are preventable through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress management. The document outlines key risk factors for heart disease and provides 10 simple steps that individuals can take to maintain a healthy heart, such as eating well, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, and managing conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
This document provides information on alcoholic liver disease, including its incidence, progression, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnostic testing, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and screening tools. Some key points:
- Heavy alcohol use can lead to fatty liver in 90-100% of people within 10 years, while only 10-35% will develop alcoholic steatohepatitis and 8-20% will progress to cirrhosis.
- Risk is increased by factors like younger age of onset, female sex, certain ethnicities, coinfection with hepatitis B or C, iron overload, and obesity.
- Alcohol causes liver injury through mechanisms like centrilobular hypoxia, neutrophil infiltration, antigen formation,
This document discusses the effects of alcohol consumption on the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by outlining the types and patterns of alcohol use and defining safe and toxic levels of consumption. It then examines the effects of alcohol on gastrointestinal motility, mucosa, acid secretion, and its antibacterial properties. The document also addresses how alcohol consumption relates to gastrointestinal cancers and diseases of the liver and pancreas. It concludes by discussing approaches to screening for and managing alcohol use disorders.
This document discusses the effects of alcohol on the gastrointestinal tract. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the types and patterns of alcohol consumption, effects on motility, mucosa, acid secretion, bactericidal action, risk of malignancy, and effects on the liver and pancreas. It then provides definitions for terms like alcohol use disorders. The document discusses screening tools for alcohol use disorders, management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and medical management of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcoholic liver disease. It concludes with recommendations for diagnostic tests in evaluating and managing alcoholic liver disease.
This document outlines both the short-term and long-term health effects of alcohol consumption. It discusses how drinking can increase risks of conditions like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and various cancers. While it is often believed that red wine is healthier than other alcohols, the document clarifies that all types of alcohol still carry long-term health risks regardless of form. It also notes that the amount of alcohol one can safely drink depends on multiple personal factors.
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. It discusses the burden of non-communicable diseases like CVD in Ethiopia. It defines primary and secondary CVD prevention strategies and risk factor modification. The document outlines tools for assessing individual CVD risk, like the WHO/ISH risk charts, and recommendations for lifestyle modifications and medical treatment based on assessed risk level, such as the use of statins or aspirin. The goal is to identify those at high risk and prevent future cardiovascular events through optimization of modifiable risk factors.
Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, responsible for nearly half of all noncommunicable disease deaths. World Heart Day aims to unite the cardiovascular community in fighting cardiovascular disease and reducing the global burden. COVID-19 can directly and indirectly impact the cardiovascular system by causing myocardial injury, inflammation, or thrombosis, increasing the risk of acute myocardial infarction especially in those with preexisting heart conditions. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, sleep, avoiding tobacco use, and managing risk factors can help keep the heart healthy.
Represents 30% of all deaths worldwide (15 million deaths/year)
Leading cause of death and disability
CVD burden in developing countries
Risk factors worldwide
1) The document discusses heart disease (also called coronary artery disease), which occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup, limiting blood flow to the heart.
2) It identifies several major risk factors for heart disease, including high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3) The document provides recommendations for preventing heart disease through a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, regular exercise, not smoking, and monitoring key health numbers like cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels.
The document discusses hypertension in Malaysia, including:
1) The prevalence of hypertension in Malaysia is 25.7% overall, affecting 1 in 4 adults aged 25-64, with known hypertensives numbering 1.4 million and newly diagnosed at 1.7 million.
2) Control rates remain low with only 8% of hypertensives in Malaysia achieving blood pressure control, compared to over 30% in the United States.
3) Recommendations are made to improve management of hypertension through risk stratification, emphasis on first-line therapies such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics and calcium channel blockers, and addressing concomitant conditions through appropriate drug selections.
This document discusses the primary care approach to patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding screening tools, interventions, and managing emergencies for AUD patients. It then presents a case study and discusses diagnostic approaches, including screening tools and lab tests. Management depends on severity and includes medical assessment, goals, detoxification if needed, and relapse prevention. Brief interventions, medications, and treatments targeting comorbidities are outlined. The document concludes with prevention strategies and references.
This document discusses alcohol use disorders and their management. It begins by defining alcohol and its mechanisms of action in the body. It then discusses various alcohol-related terminologies and the epidemiology of alcohol use disorders. It describes the signs and symptoms of acute intoxication and withdrawal syndromes. Finally, it outlines the general principles for managing alcohol dependence, including detoxification and treatment of complications.
Dr Jean Long of the Health Research Board speaks about alcohol trends and public attitudes at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference "Time Please... For Change".
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Preventing heart disease involves maintaining a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, exercising regularly, not smoking, monitoring cholesterol and other health numbers, and treating conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. Making lifestyle changes and managing risk factors can significantly reduce the chances of developing heart disease.
A series of practical resources to enable leaders and professionals with direct reach to communities and an established, trusted relationship, for example community leaders, social prescribing link workers and faith leaders, to support their communities to reduce their risk of becoming seriously ill from Covid-19
This patient is a 45-year-old premenopausal nonsmoker with a sedentary lifestyle and family history of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Her labs show a total cholesterol of 236 mg/dL, triglycerides of 200 mg/dL, LDL-C of 140 mg/dL, and HDL-C of 46 mg/dL. She meets the criteria for metabolic syndrome due to her abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL-C, and blood pressure. Though her LDL-C is below threshold for drug therapy, lifestyle changes are recommended to control her metabolic syndrome and lower her cardiovascular risk.
1. Alcohol use disorder is defined as having difficulties in at least 2 of 11 life areas due to alcohol use over a 12-month period. The lifetime risk is 10-15% for men and 5-8% for women.
2. Consuming more than 3 standard drinks per day increases risks for cancer, vascular disease, and decreases life expectancy by about 10 years. Heavy drinking can also lead to alcoholic ketoacidosis, neurotransmission changes, and organ damage.
3. Treatment involves recognizing alcohol use disorder in at least 20% of patients, identifying and treating acute alcohol-related conditions, helping patients address their alcohol problems, and referring for additional treatment as needed.
Heart Disease, Prevention of Heart DiseaseJack Frost
1) Heart disease is the number one killer worldwide caused by a buildup of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.
2) Risk factors include age, family history, high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3) To prevent heart disease, one should eat a healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, exercise regularly, maintain a healthy weight, control blood pressure and cholesterol levels, quit smoking, and limit alcohol intake. Regular screening is important to modify risks and catch issues early.
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
This document discusses the health risks and costs associated with meat consumption, milk consumption, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and addictive drug abuse. It then provides information on the health benefits and cost savings of abstaining from or reducing consumption of these substances. Specifically, it notes that a vegetarian diet lowers the risk of various diseases. It also outlines reductions in alcohol-related deaths, crimes, and traffic accidents that result from alcohol bans. Bans on tobacco use are shown to decrease heart attacks and respiratory illnesses while also saving businesses costs. Abstaining from addictive drugs is associated with reduced crime rates, health care costs, and risk of overdose deaths.
1) The lecture discussed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment for nursing students. CVD is a major cause of death worldwide and in Ethiopia.
2) It reviewed various CVD risk factors and scoring systems to assess individual risk, such as the WHO/ISH charts. Risk factors include age, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes.
3) Prevention strategies were outlined for both primary prevention of high-risk individuals and secondary prevention for those with existing CVD. Lifestyle changes and medications aim to reduce modifiable risk factors and prevent further events.
The document discusses World Heart Day 2023, which has the theme "Use Heart to Know Heart." The day aims to unite people worldwide in fighting heart disease and promoting heart-healthy lifestyles. Cardiovascular disease is the world's number one killer, responsible for over 20 million deaths annually. However, 80% of premature deaths from cardiovascular disease are preventable through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress management. The document outlines key risk factors for heart disease and provides 10 simple steps that individuals can take to maintain a healthy heart, such as eating well, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, and managing conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
This document provides information on alcoholic liver disease, including its incidence, progression, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnostic testing, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and screening tools. Some key points:
- Heavy alcohol use can lead to fatty liver in 90-100% of people within 10 years, while only 10-35% will develop alcoholic steatohepatitis and 8-20% will progress to cirrhosis.
- Risk is increased by factors like younger age of onset, female sex, certain ethnicities, coinfection with hepatitis B or C, iron overload, and obesity.
- Alcohol causes liver injury through mechanisms like centrilobular hypoxia, neutrophil infiltration, antigen formation,
This document discusses the effects of alcohol consumption on the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by outlining the types and patterns of alcohol use and defining safe and toxic levels of consumption. It then examines the effects of alcohol on gastrointestinal motility, mucosa, acid secretion, and its antibacterial properties. The document also addresses how alcohol consumption relates to gastrointestinal cancers and diseases of the liver and pancreas. It concludes by discussing approaches to screening for and managing alcohol use disorders.
This document discusses the effects of alcohol on the gastrointestinal tract. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the types and patterns of alcohol consumption, effects on motility, mucosa, acid secretion, bactericidal action, risk of malignancy, and effects on the liver and pancreas. It then provides definitions for terms like alcohol use disorders. The document discusses screening tools for alcohol use disorders, management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and medical management of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcoholic liver disease. It concludes with recommendations for diagnostic tests in evaluating and managing alcoholic liver disease.
This document outlines both the short-term and long-term health effects of alcohol consumption. It discusses how drinking can increase risks of conditions like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and various cancers. While it is often believed that red wine is healthier than other alcohols, the document clarifies that all types of alcohol still carry long-term health risks regardless of form. It also notes that the amount of alcohol one can safely drink depends on multiple personal factors.
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. It discusses the burden of non-communicable diseases like CVD in Ethiopia. It defines primary and secondary CVD prevention strategies and risk factor modification. The document outlines tools for assessing individual CVD risk, like the WHO/ISH risk charts, and recommendations for lifestyle modifications and medical treatment based on assessed risk level, such as the use of statins or aspirin. The goal is to identify those at high risk and prevent future cardiovascular events through optimization of modifiable risk factors.
Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, responsible for nearly half of all noncommunicable disease deaths. World Heart Day aims to unite the cardiovascular community in fighting cardiovascular disease and reducing the global burden. COVID-19 can directly and indirectly impact the cardiovascular system by causing myocardial injury, inflammation, or thrombosis, increasing the risk of acute myocardial infarction especially in those with preexisting heart conditions. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, sleep, avoiding tobacco use, and managing risk factors can help keep the heart healthy.
• Over 17 million lives lost globally each year
• Cost of cardiovascular disease is at least US$1 trillion a year
• Uses up to 70% of clean water
• Pollutes most of the water bodies
• Deforests the lungs of the Earth
• Uses up to 43% of the world's cereal
• Uses up to 85% of the world's soy
• Causes world hunger & wars
• 80% cause of global warming
http://www.thinkred.co.za/get-involved/events | Thousands of people around the globe are affected by at least one type of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) every day. This only emphasises the importance of heart health in this day and age. Learn what CVD is about the impact that it has had on people over the years. With simple diet and lifestyle changes many diagnosed individuals can overcome this threat.
- Alcohol consumption causes significant health and social harms globally. While per capita consumption is falling in some countries like the UK, unrecorded alcohol consumption is estimated to account for around 27% of worldwide consumption.
- Heavy episodic drinking and binge drinking patterns are linked to acute harms like injuries and violence. Regular heavy drinking is associated with chronic diseases like liver cirrhosis. Rates of alcohol-attributable deaths and diseases vary widely between countries.
- Younger drinkers tend to consume alcohol in riskier patterns. While fewer young people drink in some places, those who do tend to drink more per occasion. Alcohol marketing also increasingly targets women.
Alcohol-ADVI (1).pptx. Ethanol is rapidly oxidised by the body to carbon diox...Mona487538
ethanol effects on health. Symptoms of exposure to ethanol may include irritation to the eyes, skin and nose, drowsiness and headache. Other symptoms may include stupor, nausea, mental excitement or depression, vomiting, flushing and coma. Exposure to high concentrations of ethanol vapours may cause irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract, loss of coordination (ataxia), sleepiness, narcosis (stupor or unconsciousness), impaired perception and lack of coordination. It can also cause lowered inhibitions, dizziness, shallow respiration, unconsciousness and death. Ethanol is harmful by ingestion, inhalation or by skin absorption.
Repeated contact can dry the skin resulting in the skin cracking, peeling and itching.
Ethanol can depress the central nervous system, the eyes and upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). Ethanol can cause irritation, headache, fatigue and loss of concentration.
Consumption of ethanol during pregnancy may affect the unborn child, resulting in spontaneous abortion, developmental problems, or birth defects. This is known as 'foetal alcohol syndrome'. Chronic ingestion of ethanol may cause liver cirrhosis, affect the nervous system and affect the glands in humans.
Ethanol may cause mutations (genetic changes).
Ethanol is rapidly oxidised by the body to carbon dioxide and water, with no cumulative effect. Concentrations below 1000 parts per million (ppm) usually produce no signs of intoxication.
- The document discusses the health effects of both alcohol and tobacco use, including how they are absorbed and metabolized in the body. It covers short and long-term consequences of use and abuse such as cancer, liver disease, and fetal alcohol syndrome.
- Prevention strategies discussed include reducing binge drinking among college students, promoting responsible attitudes towards drinking, and implementing smoking cessation programs and policies to reduce tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Quitting smoking and alcohol abuse can improve health over time, and the document outlines options for treatment and cessation.
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer,pptRajeeeeeeeeeeev
The document discusses chronic diseases and their risk factors. It summarizes that chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases, cause 63% of all deaths worldwide. Risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption contribute to many chronic diseases and cancers. The document provides details on specific chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and overweight/obesity. It discusses the types, symptoms, worldwide prevalence and prevention strategies for these conditions.
This document discusses the dynamics and abuse of alcohol. It summarizes that alcohol abuse and dependence are chronic diseases influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It then discusses the pharmacokinetics of alcohol metabolism and various medical issues associated with alcoholism, including withdrawal symptoms, effects on organ systems like the liver and heart, cancers, and other conditions.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases. They cause 38 million deaths annually, with three quarters occurring in low and middle income countries. The four main NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases and diabetes - account for 82% of NCD deaths. Key risk factors include tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Prevention strategies involve reducing exposure to risk factors through measures like banning tobacco advertising and restricting alcohol access. Population-wide interventions promoting healthy behaviors can help control the growing NCD burden in a cost-effective manner.
The document discusses the health effects of tobacco use and provides advice for quitting smoking. It notes that tobacco use is a leading cause of death globally and is linked to various cancers and respiratory and heart diseases. It then gives tips for creating a quit plan, dealing with withdrawal symptoms, using cessation products, and seeking professional help if needed. The overall document provides information on the dangers of tobacco and guidance for developing a strategy to quit smoking successfully.
Here is a tobacco awareness ppt on detailed powerpoint presentation slides (ppt on tobacco and its effects) on smoking.
View here smoking ppt. This smoking ppt presentation free download helps you in getting about Tobacco awareness.
Similar to Alcohol-related harm in Ireland - a health perspective (20)
Alcohol Action Ireland recommends that excise duty on all alcohol products be increased in Budget 2016 so that the price of alcohol is set at a level that reflects its significant health, social, and economic impacts; the wide range of harm its consumption causes to others; the costs borne by the State and, ultimately, the taxpayer. We also recommend the introduction of a social responsibility levy on the alcohol industry, which currently makes no direct contribution to addressing the considerable financial burden the consumption of its products places on the State.
Model-based appraisal of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in the Republic of ...AlcoholActionIreland
In 2013, the Department of Health, in conjunction with Northern Ireland, commissioned the Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG) at the University of Sheffield to conduct a health impact assessment as part of the process of developing a legislative basis for minimum unit pricing. The health impact assessment studied the impact of different minimum prices on a range of areas such as health, crime and likely economic impact.
European Alcohol and Health Forum: NGO Resignation Briefing DocumentAlcoholActionIreland
Several public health organizations and NGOs resigned from the European Alcohol and Health Forum in May 2015 due to concerns that the Forum was ineffective and that the European Commission had no plans to develop a new EU Alcohol Strategy to address alcohol-related harm in Europe. Specifically, the organizations were concerned that failing to adopt a new strategy ignored calls from the European Parliament and member states to tackle alcohol harm, and that incorporating alcohol policy into a broader health framework would not adequately address the drivers of alcohol-related issues like drunk driving and domestic violence. Europe remains the heaviest drinking region in the world and incurs over 120,000 premature deaths and 125 billion euros in costs related to alcohol each year, demonstrating the ongoing need for an EU Alcohol Strategy
Letter to Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, Dr. AndriukaitisAlcoholActionIreland
1) Several public health organizations resigned from the EU Alcohol and Health Forum due to the lack of an EU Alcohol Strategy and concerns about the efficacy of voluntary commitments from the alcohol industry.
2) The organizations called for a renewed EU Alcohol Strategy to adequately address alcohol harm, such as crime, violence, and traffic accidents.
3) As founding members of the Forum, the organizations had raised past concerns about the lack of evidence that industry commitments reduce harm and about insufficient discussions of effective policy absent vested interests.
NGOS RESIGN FROM HEALTH FORUM AS COMMISSION IGNORES MEMBER STATE AND EUROPEAN...AlcoholActionIreland
Public health NGOs have resigned from the EU Alcohol and Health Forum in protest over the EU Commissioner's decision not to establish a new EU Alcohol Strategy, despite calls from Member States and the European Parliament to develop one. Over 20 health organizations resigned from the forum by sending an open letter to the Commissioner expressing concerns over the neglect of public health and prioritization of alcohol industry interests. Experts stated that without a new strategy and evidence that the forum has reduced alcohol harm, there is no purpose in continuing membership in this failing organization.
Opening statement to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health and Children by...AlcoholActionIreland
- The Sheffield Alcohol Research Group was commissioned by the Irish and Northern Irish governments to examine the potential effects of minimum unit pricing.
- Their Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model estimates that a €1/standard drink MUP in Ireland would reduce total alcohol consumption by 8.8% and alcohol-related harms like deaths and hospitalizations by 16% and 10% respectively over 20 years.
- The policy is estimated to reduce costs of alcohol harm by €1.7 billion over 20 years while having a modest negative financial impact on government and a positive impact on retailers.
This document discusses alcohol-related brain injury (ARBI), its effects on individuals, families, and society. ARBI is caused by excessive alcohol intake and nutritional deficiencies, leading to structural and functional changes in the brain affecting memory, executive functions, and balance/coordination. It can affect 0.4-2.8% of the general population and is prevalent in acute hospital patients, homeless populations, prisons, and those with dementia. Caring for someone with ARBI can be challenging for families who experience ambiguous loss and difficulties accessing services. With proper support, individuals with ARBI and their families can learn to manage symptoms and live successfully in the community.
Key findings from a report, prepared for the HSE by Dr Ann Hope, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College, Dublin. The report outlines alcohol harm's to others in Ireland, where the burden of alcohol related harm is often experienced by those around the drinker, be they family member, friend, co-worker or innocent ‘bystander’.
Minimum alcohol price policies in action: A report from CanadaAlcoholActionIreland
Tim Stockwell presented on minimum alcohol price policies based on evidence from Canada. He discussed how all Canadian provinces set minimum prices and how British Columbia previously prohibited alcohol. Minimum pricing measures aim to reduce heavy drinking by setting floor prices. Evidence from Saskatchewan showed that a 10% increase in minimum prices significantly reduced alcohol consumption, especially for high-strength beverages, generating increased tax revenue. Analysis of British Columbia's data estimated reductions in alcohol-attributable hospital admissions and suggested the Sheffield Model underestimates health benefits of minimum unit pricing.
Dr Philip McGarry's presentation on alchool’s impact on mental health in Northern Ireland. Dr McGarry is a Consultant Psychiatrist at the Mater Hospital in Belfast and was Chair of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in Norther Ireland from 2009 to 2013.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
This document discusses the harms of adolescent alcohol use and the influence of parents. It notes that alcohol is the world's number one risk factor for poor health among those aged 25-59. Early and regular teen drinking is linked to increased risks of alcohol and drug problems, accidents, and mental health issues. While parents often underestimate their influence on teen drinking and view it as inevitable, parental drinking, provision of alcohol to children, and lack of rules/monitoring are associated with higher teen drinking risks. The document calls for addressing Ireland's culture of unhealthy drinking and empowering parents to reduce risks to adolescents.
The Impact of Alcohol on Self-harm and Suicide in Ireland - New Insights.AlcoholActionIreland
Prof Ella Arensman's presentation about the impact of alcohol on self-harm and suicide in Ireland, providing new insights from recently collected data. Prof Arensman is Director of Research with the National Suicide Research Foundation and Adjunct Professor with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Dr Conor Farren's presentation the relationship between alcohol and mental health issues, including depression, in Ireland. Dr Farren is a Consultant Psychiatrist at St Patrick’s University Hospital and a Senior Clinical Lecturer at Trinity College Dublin.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Alcohol Action Ireland's Pre-Budget Submission 2014 calls for the introduction of minimum pricing. Minimum pricing has the potential to significantly reduce alcohol-related harm in Ireland, resulting in a reduction of the substantial costs incurred by the State and the number of lives lost due to alcohol in Ireland every year.
Alcohol marketing has a significant impact on children and young people by increasing the likelihood they will start drinking and drink more if they already do. Studies show children who own alcohol branded merchandise or are regularly exposed to point-of-sale alcohol advertising are more likely to start drinking. Alcohol marketing reaches children as young as 10-11 and establishes brand loyalty at a young age. Strict regulation of alcohol marketing is needed to reduce its negative influences and protect public health, especially of minors.
National Alcohol Awareness Week will take place from March 18th to 22nd 2013 in Ireland. It is organized by the Alcohol Forum to advance debate and mobilize communities around reducing alcohol harms. During the week, several guides and resources will be launched focused on festivals, sports, and community mobilization. A national conference on March 20th will discuss empowering communities to reduce harmful drinking and feature talks from government officials and experts. The flagship event is a half day conference at the National Convention Centre in Dublin on community power to reduce alcohol harms through education, partnership, and strategy.
Alcohol-related harm in Ireland - a health perspective
1. Alcohol in Ireland.
Major health burden.
Major economic burden.
Major opportunity.
Prof Frank Murray
Registrar RCPI
Consultant Gastroenterologist/Hepatologist,
Beaumont Hospital/RCSI,
Dublin 9
2. Policies that reduce the availability
of alcohol though:
Price increases
or
Reducing outlets and hours of
sale
Have been shown to be effective
3. • Europe is the heaviest drinking region in
the world
• Alcohol is the main cause of liver disease
in Europe
• The prevalence of alcoholic liver disease
is rising in Ireland
4. Problems addressing the alcohol
problem in Ireland!!!!
• Drinking alcohol can be harmless, in
contrast to cigarettes
• Alcohol is strongly rooted in our society
• The alcohol industries receive the majority
of their turnover in UK from harmful and
hazardous drinkers
5. Alcohol in Europe
• Europe is the highest drinking region in
the world
• 200,000 deaths per year
• Cost €125 billion per year. 1.3% of GDP
• Third commonest cause of premature
death and disability
• Main cause of liver disease and death
6. DALY (Disability adjusted life
year)
• The sum of the life years lost due to
premature death or years lived in disability
7. Alcohol cause huge health problems
• WHO:
– 4% of global mortality
– 5% of global DALY
• Europe worse
– 7% mortality
– 12% of DALY
8. Alcohol cause huge health problems
• Worse in males: 17% of DALYs( vs 4%)
• Worst in young males
• Alcohol cause 35% of deaths aged 35-
50
14. SURVIVAL TIMES IN CIRRHOSIS
Decompensation in cirrhosis
Shortens Survival
100
80 Median survival
Median survival
~ 9 years
~ 9 years
60 All patients
with cirrhosis
Probability of
survival
40
20
Decompensated Median survival
Median survival
cirrhosis ~ 1.6 years
~ 1.6 years
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Months
Gines et. al., Hepatology 1987;7:122
16. There is a big human cost here
• Ill and dying patients
• Often young
• Often little opportunity to change
• Families
17. Does not end there
• Absenteeism
• Loss of professional performance
• Domestic violence
• Unhappiness
18. 3 main types of alcohol misuse
• Hazardous
• Harmful
• Dependent drinking.
19. Hazardous drinking
• Drinks over the recommended weekly limit
of alcohol
• 21/17 units for men and
• 14/11 units for women.
• It is also possible to drink hazardously by
binge drinking, even if within weekly limit.
20. Harmful drinking
• Drinks more than the recommended weekly
maximum amount of alcohol and experiences
health problems that are directly related to alcohol.
• Cirrhosis
• depression
• an alcohol-related accident, such as a head injury
• acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
• high blood pressure
• some types of cancer
• heart disease
21. Dependent drinking
• Both physically and psychologically addictive
• Become dependent on it
• Feels unable to function without alcohol
• Consumption of alcohol becomes an
important, or sometimes the most important,
factor in their life
• Can experience withdrawal symptoms (both
physical and psychological) if they suddenly
stop drinking alcohol.
22. Binge drinking
• 4 (female)
• 5 (male)
• units in 2h
– or
• 8 (male)
• 6 (female)
• units in 24 hours
• Rapidly increasing in prevalance
23. So most alcohol consumption is
mostly drunk safely?…..
• 75% of alcohol consumed in UK is by
hazardous and harmful drinkers in the UK
28. Irish consumption
• 11.9 litres of alcohol per adult (>15y) in
2010
• Over half Irish drinkers have a harmful
drinking pattern
• Much more affordable
29. Irish costs of alcohol
• €3.7 billion
• Healthcare €1.2 billion (8% of total)
• Approx 2,000 hospital beds per night
• 7% of GP costs
• 30% of Emergency Department costs
30.
31. Fundamental problem in Ireland
• Too much alcohol
• Binge drinking
• Availability
• Number of outlets
• Opening hours
40. Options
• Do nothing
• Do “something”
• Take thought-through series of steps.
Leads to immediate health social and
political gains
41. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Proven policies.
• Policies regulating the environment in
which alcohol is marketed (particularly its
price and availability) are effective in
reducing alcohol-related harm.
• Making alcohol more expensive and less
available, and banning alcohol
advertising, are highly cost-effective
strategies to reduce harm.
44. • Banning of alcohol advertising
• Drink-driving countermeasures
• Individually-directed
interventions to drinkers already
at risk
are also cost-effective approaches
45. School-based education does
not reduce harm, but public
information and education
programmes can increase
attention to alcohol on public
and political agendas
46. If more stringent alcohol policies
are not put into place, global
alcohol-related harm is likely to
continue to increase
47. Actions
• Reduce number of outlets dramatically
• Increase cost-minimum unit pricing
• Expand and enforce legislation re alcohol
consumption in public and public order
offences
• All of proven international proven benefit
49. RCPI alcohol group
• RCPI established a national policy group to
address the health and social burden of
alcohol in Ireland.
• The policy group brings together experts from
a wide range of medical specialist bodies to
speak with one voice on the issue of alcohol,
to support
• Propose practical solutions backed up by a
robust, international evidence base
• Focused on reducing the harm caused by
alcohol to health and society.
50. Policies that reduce the availability
of alcohol though:
Price increases
and
Reducing outlets and hours of
sale
Have been shown to be effective
Editor's Notes
Slide 1 CIRRHOSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Slide 16 SURVIVAL TIMES IN CIRRHOSIS In a prospective cohort study of 257 patients with compensated cirrhosis of different etiologies, median survival for all patients (including those who developed decompensation) was approximately 9 years, while it was significantly lower in patients who developed a decompensating event (ascites, jaundice, encephalopathy or hemorrhage), in whom the median survival was only 1.6 years. Gines et al. Hepatology 1987; 7:122