The document covers fractures and dislocations, detailing the skeletal structure's role in the body, signs and symptoms of fractures, emergency care, diagnosis methods, and treatment options. It describes dislocations, common affected joints, and outlines general treatment principles, including the RICE method. Additionally, it mentions specific considerations for shoulder dislocation management.

1. FRACTURE DISLOCATION

2. FRACTURE
• Bones form the skeletal frame work of the body and supports the
body against activity.
• It helps in movement and activities.
• Bones protect some body parts.
• Bone marrow produces blood products.
• Fractures occur when bone cannot withstand outside forces.

3. Description of location
• Which bone?
• Thirds(long bones): Proximal, middle, distal third
• Anatomical orientation: Prox., dist., Med., Ant., Post.
• Anatomical landmarks: Head, neck, body
• Segment (long bones): Epiphysis,physis,diaphysis

4. Signs and Symptoms of a Fracture
• Pain and tenderness
• Loss of function
• A wound may present
• Deformity
• Abnormal Mobility
• Loss of Transmitted Mobility
• Swelling and bruising

5. Emergency care for Fracture Dislocation
• Administer O2 if Required
• Control any bleeding & dressing of open wounds
• Check distal pulse
• Apply slight traction
• Apply splint or Slab
• Control swelling with ice pack and medications

6. Diagnosing Bone Fractures
• X-ray of injured area.
• Some fractures are difficult to see in an X- Ray, so a CT scan, MRI
or other bone scans are used.

7. Types of Fractures

8. Complete Fractures

9. Incomplete Fractures

10. Treatment of Fractures
There are two main types of treatments:
External fixation-Slab And Casts
Internal fixation- Surgery:
K-wire, Plates, Screws, Nails Etc.

11. DISLOCATION
• When the bones at a joint are no longer in proper contact.
• Most frequently dislocation joints – Shoulder, Elbow, Thumb,
Finger, Jaw, Knee.

12. Sign of a Dislocation
• Deformity or abnormal appearance.
• Pain and tenderness aggravated by movement.
• Loss of normal function.
• Joint may be locked in one position.
• Swelling of joint.

13. General Treatment Principles
• Stop the activity.
• Survey the injured area.
• First aid if qualified.
• Determine if additional medical attention is necessary.

14. RICE
• REST
• IMMOBILIZE
• COLD
• ELEVATION

15. Shoulder Dislocation
• Take a past medical history
• Clinical examination
• X-ray
• Several method for reduction scapular rotation

16. Anterior Dislocation, Right shoulder

17. Glenohumeral Reductions

18. THANK YOU