The document provides instructions on writing vulgar fractions using fraction bars and the division symbol. It explains the concept of equivalent fractions and how to find them by multiplying both the numerator and denominator by the same number. The text includes several examples and practice problems for clarification.

1. Vulgar Fractions
IGCSE MATHEMATICS
0580
Digitized Notes
Fractions and Equivalent
Fractions

2. How to write fractions
• Rewrite using a fraction bar
5 ÷ 7
Step 1: The first number goes above the
fraction bar
5

3. Step 2:
5 ÷ 7
• The second number goes below the
fraction bar
5
7

4. Rewrite 4 ÷ 7 using a fraction
bar
The first number goes above the fraction bar and the second
number goes below the fraction bar:
4
7

5. Rewrite 15 ÷ 8 using a fraction
bar
• The first number goes above the fraction bar and the second
number goes below the fraction bar:
15
8

6. Rewrite using a fraction bar
1) 14 ÷ 17
2) 19 ÷ 16
3) 7 ÷ 10
4) 9 ÷ 15

7. Rewrite using the ÷ symbol
The number on top goes before the ÷ symbol and the number
on the bottom goes after the ÷ symbol
15 ÷ 17
15
17

8. Rewrite using the ÷ symbol
The number on top goes before the ÷ symbol and the number
on the bottom goes after the ÷ symbol.
13 ÷ 3
13
3

9. Rewrite each using the ÷
symbol
1)
2)
3)
7
18
16
25
3
19

10. Equivalent Fractions
• Equivalent – equal or the same
• Definition: two fraction that name the same amount are
called equivalent fractions.

11. Find an equivalent fraction for
• First, let’s name the two numbers:
2
3
2
3
numerator
denominator

12. Step 1:
Follow the equivalent fraction rule:
**If the numerator and denominator of
a fraction are each multiplied by the
same counting number, then the new
fraction represents the same number.

13. Step 1 continued
2
3
Multiply the numerator and
denominator by 2
=
2 2
3 2
x
x
=
4
6
2
3
4
6
So, and are
equivalent
fractions because
we multiplied the
numerator and the
denominator by
the same number.

14. More equivalent fractions
has many more fractions that are
equivalent. All that we need to do is multiply the
numerator and the denominator by the same counting
number.
2
3
2
3
2 3
3 3
x
x
6
9
= =

15. Find an equivalent fraction for
• Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the same
counting number.
7
9
7
9
7 2
9 2
x
x
14
18
= =

16. Find another equivalent
fraction for
7
9